CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Analysis of the Influence of Leaders in the Management of Public Utility Sector Enterprises of city Nis through Employee Motivation

Author(s): Marko Janković / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2018

This paper analyzes the impact of leaders on the performance of companies in the public utility sector of the city of Nis through employee's motivation by their leaders. Firstly, it is analyzed how employees, to what extent and in which way accept modern motivational methods and models. Furthermore, it is examined which are the factors that affect the management style of the leaders in these companies, starting from their personal preferences, up to their moral principles and, as well as the possible negative approaches and mechanisms that can occur from the surrounding. The relevance of the fact that there is no prosperity in any of the enterprises unless there is conformity between the goals of all stakeholders and the synthesis of their efforts to achieve a high level of motivation is also considered here. At the same time, this analysis points out the most important leadership attributes for achieving high performance and high levels of productivity. Through the analysis of the motivational process, this analysis reaches the results of the importance of the impact of leaders on the motivation of employees, which directly impacts the final economic results in the observed companies.

More...

Analysis of South African Household Consumption Expenditure and its Determinants: Application of the ARDL Model

Author(s): Paul-Francois Muzindutsi,Thandiwe Mjeso / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2018

Aggregate consumption expenditure is considered to be a major variable in determining a country’s growth, and is mostly used in forecasting the economic prospects of a country. Thus, understanding of a country’s consumption behaviour plays a central role in macroeconomic analysis. The aim of this paper is to conduct an econometric analysis of the key macroeconomic determinants of consumption expenditure in South Africa from 1995 to 2015. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was utilised to analyse short- and long-run relationships between real aggregate private consumption and selected macroeconomic variables. The sample period consists of quarterly time series from 1995 quarter 1 to the last quarter of 2015. Long-run results revealed that South African households consume a large portion of their real income and that real consumption increases with the appreciation of the domestic currency (rand). Additionally, price levels and interest rates were found to have a negative effect on real consumption expenditure in the long run. In the short run, price levels and interest rates were found to have negative effects on real consumption expenditure in South Africa, while the effect of real exchange rates were not statistically significant. Findings of this study suggest that macroeconomic stability factors play a crucial role in determining real consumption in the South African economy.

More...

НАВИЦИТЕ НА ПОТРЕБИТЕЛИТЕ И МАРКЕТИНГОВИТЕ ЦЕЛИ

Author(s): Atanas Luizov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Consumers often act like creatures of habit, automatically repeating past behavior. In this article, we show that habits are a specific form of automaticity in which responses are directly cued by the contexts. We also review how habits influence consumer behavior and how to measure the habits strengths. In the end, we list some strategies that marketers can employ to build consumer habits.

More...

MASS COMMUNICATION AND FEMALE SHAPING POWER

Author(s): Erika Kulcsár,Tünde Csoma,Noémi Fülöp,Noémi Szonda,Kinga-Izabella Timár,Dorottya Vitályos / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Communication was born at the same time with humanity, and with the progression of historical ages the range of communication opportunities has become more widespread. Communication has the power, whether transmitted by words, images or even behavior, to shape the individual and thus the society. The greatest power of communication is its shaping potential. Individuals, organizations, companies, and governments are aware that what is being conveyed has an impact on the social values, but they also play a role in promoting societal problems, as empathy is the cornerstone of a healthy society. This article analyzes the following: (1) by what means and how did the communication of the expectations on women change during history (physical values/values regarding the appearance); (2) identifying the social problems of advertising campaigns; (3) the main guiding principle of Apple, Huawei and Samsung's advertising: the focus of their communication; (4) the values determined by Julia Roberts and the brands she represents; (5) the social problems promoted by world brands. The focus of the analyzes is on women, because women play a significant role in the implementation and solution of values and social problems, they also have an important role to play if they do not fight in the front line, but they are behind the scenes.

More...

Тіньова економіка: позитивні та негативні ефекти

Author(s): Maria Gordeychuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2019

In the article, the phenomenon of shadow economy is considered through the prism of existing approaches to its positive or negative assessment. As a result, the author substantiates the thesis that the negative effects of the shadow economy prevail.It has been established that in the evolution of the shadow economy, negative effects begin to dominate completely, since it is the negative effect that the property has to accumulate and grow exponentially. In turn, the positive effects are not inherent in the criminalized part of the shadow economy, and only in its limited size. Taking into account the existing negative and positive effects of the shadow economy, it was concluded that the presence of the latter does not eliminate the need for the state to take measures to combat the shadow economy (not only with its criminalized part but also with that which is beyond the framework of criminality).

More...

Оцінка ефективності механізму мобілізації заощаджень домогосподарств на макрорівні

Author(s): Nataliia Pochernina,Tetiana Krasnoded / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2019

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of household savings mobilization policy. The object of the study is the mechanism for implementing macroeconomic savings policy in Ukraine for the period of 2005-2017. The subject of the study is the measurement of the cumulative effect of certain means of state regulation on the dynamics of population savings.The overview of literary sources has shown that the problem of household savings mobilization is considered by scientists in the context of investment resource formation and as an important aspect of anti-crisis regulation and ensuring economic growth. The analysis of statistical data of Ukraine revealed a significant volatility of the share of household savings in the structure of gross savings of all institutional sectors of the economy. This dynamics, on the one hand, reinforces the thesis about considerable resource potential of household savings in the formation of investment funds, especially during periods of financial crises, and on the other hand, demonstrates the problem of ineffectiveness of the state policy of mobilizing savings in Ukraine. In this connection, there is a need for a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the macroeconomic policy of mobilizing savings at the national level.The authors propose a methodology for calculating the macroeconomic savings efficiency index based on a set of selected factors. The sequence of calculations includes the following stages: stage 1 – measurement of the tightness of connection between the dynamics of household savings and individual macroeconomic variables to identify the most effective factors of influence; stage 2 - normalization of the indicators and their further use in constructing a correlation-regression model for the quantitative measurement of the power of influence of certain factors on the result; stage 3 - calculation of the efficiency index of individual policy of the mobilization of savings.It has been found out that the state policy of household savings mobilization in Ukraine had a wave-like effect, conditioned in the first turn, by the inconsistency of the use of various tools and instruments of influence.

More...

The Profile and Significance of Listed Property Companies in Some Selected African Countries

Author(s): Sadiq Tukur,Jamilu Shehu / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2019

This study investigates the significance and profile of Listed Property Companies (LPCs) in 10 African countries namely; Botswana, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe respectively for the period of 10 years from 2006 to 2015., the profile and some key indicators of each respective country has been identified to determine the significance of each respective economy. The study uses secondary data obtained from Thompson Reuters DataStream to extract the number of companies in each country and their respective profiles. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze 64 Listed Property Companies using simple percentages. The study revealed that most of the African countries are Opaque with very few semi-transparent such as Kenya, Mauritius, and Botswana with the exception of South Africa which is the only transparent, the study further revealed that most of the companies are established between 2010 to 2015. Egypt has the highest number of property companies 29 represented by 45.31 % followed by South Africa with 16 Listed property Companies Represented by 25 % while Nigeria, Kenya and Zambia have the least number of companies with 1 each represented by 1.56%.

More...

Zmodyfikowany model Lunna-McNeila w ocenie intensywności wyjścia z bezrobocia

Author(s): Beata Bieszk-Stolorz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The goal of the article is the assessment of the relative intensity of exiting from unemployment of long-term unemployed people with relation to their characteristics: gender, age, education, seniority and the number of subsequent registrations. The modified Lunn-McNeil model for various types of competing events: accepting the job, refusal and remaining causes of deregistration was used in the research. The modification consisted of the application of the stratified Cox model of non-proportional hazard, which allowed to assess the relative hazard after entering the state of long-term unemployment. The individual data of persons registered in the County [Powiat] Labour Office in Szczecin were used in the research. Age had the greatest impact on the change in relative hazard at the transition to long-term unemployment, while the level of education had no significant impact. The research made it possible to identify groups of people taking up work with the least intensity and refusing to take up jobs with the greatest intensity. These people should be taken into consideration during the process of creating the labour market policy

More...

Socjalizacja ekonomiczna a wybrane zachowania ekonomiczne dorosłych

Author(s): Dorota Roszkowska-Hołysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Proces socjalizacji ekonomicznej jest wielowymiarowy i w jego obrębie wyróżnić można wiele kwestii. Postawiono problem badawczy, który zmierzał do ustalenia, jaki jest wpływ rodzicielskiej socjalizacji ekonomicznej na późniejsze zachowania ekonomiczne dorosłych. Celem publikacji była próba odnalezienia zależności między wybranymi przejawami socjalizacji ekonomicznej a wybranymi zachowaniami ekonomicznymi dorosłych. Przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe, które miało formę retrospektywną, odnosiło się zarówno do czasów dzieciństwa respondentów, jak i ich życia dorosłego. Wzięły w nim udział losowo wybrane 72 osoby dorosłe z województw lubuskiego i dolnośląskiego oraz wielkopolskiego, które zgodziły się odpowiedzieć na pytania zawarte w ankiecie. Pytania szczegółowe dążyły do ustalenia, czy wiek i miejsce zamieszkania badanych różnicuje przedstawiony przez nich obraz socjalizacji konsumenckiej, finansowej i ogólnej ekonomicznej. Należy odpowiedzieć pozytywnie na to pytanie. Każde pokolenie żyje w innych warunkach społeczno-ekonomicznych i wychowując swoje dzieci, kładzie nacisk na inne aspekty. W najmłodszych badanych grupach wiekowych otrzymywanie w dzieciństwie kieszonkowego obejmuje większość. Im starsi ankietowani, tym mniej wśród nich osób otrzymujących kieszonkowe. Zbadano, czy istnieje zależność między stosunkiem do własności i posiadania badanego i jego rodziców. Postawiono również pytanie, czy ankietowani, którzy określają gospodarowanie swoim budżetem jako łatwe, mogą zawdzięczać to wsparciu i nauce rodziców w czasach dzieciństwa. Otrzymane wyniki badań nie potwierdzają zależności między otrzymywaniem kieszonkowego w dzieciństwie i łatwym kontrolowaniem wydatków w dorosłości. Szkoła aktywnie angażuje się w nauczanie gospodarowania budżetem domowym od nastania czasów gospodarki rynkowej, co może być przyczyną wycofywania się z tego zadania rodziców i opiekunów u coraz młodszych pokoleń. W najmłodszej grupie respondentów konto miało 79%, po czym większość badanych w każdej starszej grupie wiekowej deklarowała, że konta nie miała. Zaobserwowano brak aktywnej socjalizacji konsumenckiej u osób starszych niż 55 lat.

More...

Wpływ odrębności kulturowych na rozwój gospodarczy

Author(s): Andrij Włach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Do XX wieku włącznie ekonomia jako nauka w znikomym stopniu zajmowała się poszukiwaniem zależności pomiędzy kulturą a rozwojem gospodarczym. Wraz ze wzrostem ilości danych empirycznych i nasileniem się krytyki dotychczasowego rozwoju ekonomii w ramach nurtu ekonomii neoinstytucjonalnej zainteresowanie badaczy przedmiotowym obszarem rośnie. Obecnie brakuje jednak systemowego podejścia do badania omawianych wpływów i wydaje się, że przełamanie sytuacji w analizowanym obszarze będzie możliwe dopiero w momencie ponownego przemyślenia fundamentalnych założeń ekonomii jako nauki, opierających się w znacznym stopniu na wizji filozoficznej świata jeszcze z czasów Adama Smitha. Jest to o tyle istotne, że poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na temat pogłębiających się nierówności w rozwoju różnych społeczeństw ma rosnące znaczenie w zagrożonym niestabilnością świecie. Współczesny złożony świat wcale nie musi być bowiem tak płaski, jak to sugeruje Thomas L. Friedman.

More...

Aspekty konsumpcyjne w zachowaniach użytkowników ubieralnej technologii

Author(s): Małgorzata Gruchoła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the article was to analyze the consumer’s manifestation discernible in the behavior of users of wearable technology. Starting with preliminary considerations of the necessary terminology, a description of wearable technology in regard to consumption, consumerism and deconsumption was done. Consumption - in this publication - is understood as a natural process of housekeeping, arising from the need to meet one’s needs, consumerism – as an attitude to life involving favouring material goods over other goods, while deconsumption is defined as a rational, conscious, responsible and ethical consumption. The article is of an analytical and descriptive character.

More...

Ubezpieczenia małżeńskie uwzględniające zależność oraz rozwody

Author(s): Stanisław Heilpern / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

The paper is devoted to marriage insurance contracts allowing dependence between lifetimes of spouses. The dependence structure is described by the five stage Markov process. One state concerns divorce, which was not investigated in previous papers. It makes this paper more realistic. The transition probabilities are derived and the Markov forces of transition are estimated. The four pensions of spouses: the joint-life and last survival annuities, the widow pension and reversionary annuity are introduced and studied. A real example based on the data from Lower Silesia during 2011 is investigated. The values of these annuities are computed and analyzed. The five different cases are studied. The impact of the age of spouses and the duration of annuities on the values of annuities is investigated. A case when the reversionary annuity with the reduction parameter R = 2/3 is analyzed. A comparison with a non-divorce case is considered.

More...

Statystyka małych obszarów i jakość zarządzania – polska perspektywa

Author(s): Jan Kordos / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

The author begins with a discussion of the main factors affecting the efficiency of decision-making, and in particular the quality of the information used, the models applied and the knowledge of decision-makers in the field of the implementation. First, we considered the acronym GIGO (“garbage in garbage out”) used in computer science, expressing the impact of the relationship between the quality of the information used in the model, and their outcome, and then the Box aphorism about the usefulness of models (“All models are wrong but some are useful”). Particular attention is paid to the statistics of small areas, discussing their source, size, and mainly their quality, giving the current definition of data quality. Next the author provided the development of estimation methods for small areas, apart from mathematical formulas and limited to the presentation of some flowcharts. The author then discusses the role of small area statistics in quality management, focusing on the evaluation of their quality, which is of particular importance when making decisions. The paper is prepared from the Polish perspective, referring mainly to Polish statisticians and some relevant publications in English.

More...

Determinanty stanu przynależności do sfery ubóstwa z wykorzystaniem regresji logistycznej

Author(s): Anna Sączewska-Piotrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

The aim of the paper was to identify the determinants of the state of poverty using logistic regression. The analysis focused on economic poverty considered through the prism of income. Three states of poverty were considered: poverty, near poverty (household’s income from 100% to 125% of the adopted poverty threshold) and above near poverty (income higher than 125% of poverty threshold), using the ordinal logit model and – after the rejection of the proportional odds assumption – the multinomial logit model. The analysis was preceded by a presentation of the basic facts concerning three states of poverty. Based on the conducted analysis it can be stated that the education of the household's head, place of residence, labourforce status and socio-economic group were very important factors of the state of poverty, and they change the odds of being in above near poverty relative to poverty and the odds of being in near poverty relative to poverty.

More...

O teorii błędów

Author(s): Oscar Sheynin / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

The aims of the theory of errors and its relations with statistics are described. The term true value of a constant and the subjective approach in the error theory and statistics are explained and illustrated and a hint at the emergence of a new theory of errors is provided.

More...

Georg Norbert Schnabel i statystyka

Author(s): Prokop Závodský,Ondřej Šimpach / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2018

In the first half of XIXth century in Bohemia, statistics had been developed in the understanding of the school of Achenwall and Schlözer. Its main exponent there was G. N. Schnabel (1791–1857), who was a professor of statistics at the university in Prague. This article is about all the main statistical publications of Schnabel, and demonstrates their gradual modernization, usage of comprehensive tables, and basic statistical analysis according to the patterns of political arithmetic and statistical graphs. Schnabel’s activity was the culmination, but also the final stage, of the development of traditional university statistics in Bohemia. It also mentions the activity of Schnabel in organizing official statistics in Bohemia, his disputes with Austrian censorship and the later controversies in the matter of national statistics.

More...

Nieracjonalność usankcjonowana; czyli Nagroda imienia Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii dla Richarda Thalera

Author(s): Katarzyna Ostasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2018

Ekonomia behawioralna jest stosunkowo nowym nurtem, kwestionującym podstawę stosowanego w ekonomii neoklasycznej modelowania podmiotu działań ekono- micznych jako homo oeconomicus. Wykazując nieracjonalność w podejmowaniu decyzji przez ludzi, systematyczne błędy, jakimi obarczone jest ludzkie rozumowanie w określonych sytuacjach, oraz odczuwaną przez większość osób awersję do straty, Kahneman i Tversky zastąpili teorię użyteczności oczekiwanej teorią niepewnych perspektyw, dając asumpt do dalszych badań nad podejmowaniem decyzji przez rzeczywiste podmioty eko- nomiczne. Richard Thaler, laureat Nagrody Nobla z dziedziny ekonomii z roku 2017, otrzymał to wyróżnienie w uznaniu zasług w rozwoju badań nad tymi zagadnieniami. W swoich pracach, opartych na eksperymentach laboratoryjnych oraz badaniach ankietowych, opisywał wiele interesujących efektów, w tym efekt posiadania czy mentalną rachunkowość.

More...

Społeczna odpowiedzialność w sporcie

Author(s): Grzegorz Botwina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 516/2018

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie społecznej odpowiedzialności (CSR) w sporcie na podstawie przeglądu literatury. Sport oddziałuje na społeczeństwo w unikatowy sposób, dlatego wykorzystanie go do działalności prospołecznej jest uzasadnione. Tematyka ta jest obecnie coraz bardziej popularna w kontekście postępującej komercjalizacji sportu, zarówno w środowisku lokalnym, jak i globalnym. Autor prezentuje dotychczasowe prace teoretyczne i praktyczne. Przegląd zawarty w tym artykule dotyczy prac z czołowych czasopism indeksowanych w bazie SCOPUS, z obszaru zarządzania, zarządzania sportem, etyki i ekonomii. Szczególną uwagę autor poświęca tematyce społecznej odpowiedzialności klubów piłki nożnej, ponieważ w skali globalnej jest to najbardziej rozwinięta komercyjnie gałąź sportu. Wynikiem przeglądu jest przedstawienie rozwoju zasobów wiedzy w tematyce CSR w sporcie.

More...

Doskonalenie procesów biznesowych w branży outdoorowej z perspektywy społecznej odpowiedzialności – analiza wybranych podmiotów

Author(s): Renata Brajer-Marczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 516/2018

W artykule przedstawiono znaczenie koncepcji CSR w branży outdoorowej. Stwierdzono, że producenci odzieży i sprzętu outdoorowego swój model biznesowy próbują opierać na wartościach, jakimi są społeczny wymiar prowadzonej działalności i odpowiedzialność za środowisko naturalne. Celem artykułu było wskazanie związków między społecznie odpowiedzialnym modelem biznesu przedsiębiorstwa a podejściem do doskonalenia realizowanych procesów. Zwrócono uwagę na to, że presja ciągłego poszukiwania możliwości wprowadzania zmian w wyrobach branży outdoorowej rodzi różne konsekwencje i nie zawsze, mimo silnego eksponowania znaczenia aspektów ekologicznych, pozwala na utrzymanie prośrodowiskowych standardów. Rozważania odniesiono do dwóch firm produkujących specjalistyczną nowoczesną odzież outdoorową, sprzedających swoje produkty na rynkach światowych. Do realizacji tak określonego celu wykorzystano metodę analizy literatury przedmiotu, kwerendę źródeł internetowych, obserwację praktyki oraz indywidualny wywiad ustrukturyzowany uzupełniony wywiadem swobodnym.

More...

Inequality in Economics: The Concept, Perception, Types, and Driving Forces

Author(s): Łukasz Jabłoński / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to overview the research on inequalities in economics. The paper is based on mainstream and heterodox economic theories and approaches addressing inequality and its economic interdependence. Methodology: Due to its positive and normative nature, inequality is a complex concept that eludes precise definition. The available application of mainstream and heterodox approach to study inequality and its economic interdependence allows for the identification of various components of inequality. Classifications that fall within the mainstream economics especially reveal less numerous and often even different types of inequalities compared to heterodox approaches. Moreover, what determines within-country inequality is the number of driving forces related to the factual and regulatory sphere of an economy. Findings: This study does not exhaust the general debate over inequality in economics. The question remains about the state of research dedicated to the outcomes of inequality, for instance, perceived in its dynamic and historical perspective. Moreover, there emerges a need to overview the theoretical and empirical research dedicated to inequality in terms of not only its driving forces but also economic outcomes.

More...