Rasová diskriminace a právní ochrana

Author(s): Miloš Večeřa / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2002

Discrimination as a social phenomenon is a special case of social differentiation (social differentiation), where the principles of equal treatment of all members of a social unit are denied. It is a factual state or way of restricting or rejecting the rights and claims of a certain category of people, especially for their racial affiliation, nationality, religion, gender, age, but also other features such as political beliefs, social status, membership in a particular social movement, etc.

Jsou právní principy a soudcovská rozhodnutí pramenem práva?

Author(s): Zdeněk Kühn / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2001

There are a lot of establíshed notions in the conti­nental legal culture. One of them is the conception of sources of law. Nevertheless, author agrees with Kel­sen who said about sources of law that it is the term with very uncertain meaning. It means that the use of this concept without clear definition is useless and even harmful.

Attending Law School in the United States

Author(s): Christina E. Wells / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2001

This article discusses the operations of law schools in the United States, including admissions requ­irements, law school curricula, and post-graduation employment options and requirements. Its informati­on is general in nature and persons wishing to ga­in further information should understand that schools differ slightly from one another. Those interested in information regarding specific schools should consult them either through direct contact with schools or the Internet, where most schools have web-pages.

Globalizace jako materiální zdroj normotvorby

Author(s): Hynek Baňouch / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2001

This paper is concerned with the relationship between globalization and law. Globalization is unders­ tood as a "material source" of law making. There are three fundamental dimensions of globalization: 1. Eco­nomic dimension, 2. Cultural dimension, and 3. Po­litical dimension. The globalizational impact in the cultural dimension is manifested either as a pressu­re towards a greater compatibility of the standard of values ar as a pressure towards a better justification of the remaining standards of values at present. The American way of life is a leading force of the cultural globalization. Therefore a greater influence of the values of efficiency and pragmatism can be expected in culture. The values embodied in the moral system will be penetrating into the system of law. Manifestations of globalization in the economic sphere can be summed up in the following way. Legal systems (especially trade rules) of national states are forced towards a greater mutual compatibility and unification. The world economy has been liberalized. The competition potential of national economies has gained a strategie importance. National legislators will have to pay attention to a better competition potential of their economic players. From the political point of view, we can add that the globalization inspired by economic events leads to the creation of still narrowed associations of states. The demand for forming a supranational sovereign has grown. Some signs suggest that the so-called "style­ making" elements of the Common Law could prevail in the "multi-national system of law" in the future.

Hledání historických základů vztahu politiky a práva

Author(s): Pavel Molek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2001

The topic of this text is the relationship between politics and law, which implies his position somewhere at the interface of legal philosophy, political science and political science. The analysis of these concepts and their relationship already seems to be sufficiently scientifically processed, however, I find it interesting - and even more so in the still transforming Czech society - to return to this topic once again, in the form of a comparative interpretation.

Nové subjekty ohrozujúce ľudské práva

Author(s): Daniel Šmihula / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2000

Keď sa v právnej teórii rozoberajú subjekty vzťa­hu, v ktorom sa realizujú alebo porušujú základné rud­ské práva a slobody, vždy sa pozornosť sústreďuje na nositera týchto práv, ktorému sú upierané. A jasne sa dnes určuje že týmto nositefom rudských práv a zá­kladných slobód v modernom chápaní je každý človek príslušník druhu Horno sapiens.

Imperativní normy z pohledu právního vývoje v evropských zemích

Author(s): Jaroslav Červenka,Miroslav Jurman / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2000

In this Article we tried to summarize theoretical views and court rulings in some cases which are concerned with the Mandatory Rules (Provisions). This kind of rules belongs to the Public Law of some specific State, despite the Applicable Law can be different. Recently the effect of these Norms has been ignorated, but actually this problem is solved in favour of their application, even if these norms have their origin in the Legal System of another country. The most important is the question of a Glose Connection with the considered Case.

Právní a morální aspekty eutanázie

Author(s): Dana Zerzánová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2000

Euthanasia is a very comprehensive topic and iťs almost impossible to describe the problemacy of euthanasia on a few pages. What does the word euthanasia mean? This word is of a Greek origin and "Eu", is translated as good and "thanatos" means death, both parts together mean good death. In my article I've mentioned euthanasia supporters, who stress positive things of legalisation of euthanasia, and on the other side their opponents, who often speak about the danger of abuse oj euthanasia. But as we know euthanasia was legalised in some cauntries and I've chosen two of them (the Netherlands and the USA) and I tried to describe their legal system in which euthanasia bills are included.

Sloboda prejavu a právo na informácie v teórii a praxi ústavného práva Slovenskej republiky

Author(s): Ján Drgonec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1999

Sloboda prejavu v ústavnom práve socialis­tických štátov formálne nebola popretá. Ústavy ju zaručovali, aj keď občas v svojráznej podobe. Takmer štandardné, ale aj exotické ústavné formu­lácie sa negovali praxou, ktorá dala slobode preja­vu príchuť zakázaného ovocia. V nemalej časti po­pulácie sa vypestovali pocity Belikova stvoreného A. P. Čechovom, v inej časti obyvateistva zas nebo­lo ďaleko k stotožneniu zakázaného s vynikajúcim, či aspoň dobrým. Všetky deformácie slobody prejavu sa nezrútili s pádom socializmu, ani s prijatím no­vých formulácií ústavy. Až presun ústavných noriem do fázy aplikácie práva je mierkou zvládnutia zmien vo vnímaní a využívaní slobody prejavu v prospech demokracie. Nasledujúce riadky naznačujú, ako sa tomuto procesu darí v Slovenskej republike.

Dogmatika svobody projevu z hlediska teorie, legislativy a soudní praxe

Author(s): Jan Filip / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/1998

The author deals with basic problems of the concept of freedom of expression in terms of theory, legislation and judiciary. Freedom of expression he understands broadly as expression not only of opinions, but as expression of merely facts. From the point of view of theory the freedom of expression appears as 1. part of other ba­sic rights and freedoms (e.g. the right of petition, the right of peaceful assembly); 2. lex generalis in relation to special protected aspects of freedom of expression (e.g. the freedom of artistic creation); 3. connected with bringing about other ri­ghts as freedom of free choice of profession or of economical activity; 4. preferred freedom (Art. 22 of the Charter); 5. constitutionally guaranteed public subjective right; 6. objective vafue binding law-giver; 7. institutional guarantee of existence of mass media. The authors explores the history of the drafting and adoption of the Art. 17 of the Charter, its content and possibilities of the concretisation and limitation of the freedom of expression. The freedom is limitable on the ground of the Charter and international treaties concerning human rights and fundamental freedoms by which the Czech Republic is bound (Art. 10 of the Constitution). lt is especially negative right - the state is not obliged to ensure the publication of opinion of its bearer. Further the author states particular laws connected with application of this freedom. Finally he points out still rare rulings of the Constitu­tional Court of the Czech Republic in this matter what does not enable to make clear conclusions concerning the reasoning in this field.

Problémy filozofie štátu a práva

Author(s): Rudolf Dupkala / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1998

Since 1989 some of the post communistic countries have been subjected to process of tranformation towards the contemporary civil society. These countries are establishing a link with the tradition of Western-European political thinking that has refleected the problems concerning civil society ever since the half of the 17th century.

Prejednacia zásada v návrhu Občianského súdneho poriadku

Author(s): Václav Nesrovnal / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/1998

Dbaj na zásady! Tak, volne preložené, znie príkaz filozófie racionalizmu (Des­cartes), ktorý prijať a riadiť sa nim má zmysel aj pri tvorbe zákonov, osobitne velkých, akým je aj Občiansky súdny poriadok. To však vyžaduje poznanie zásad. V porovnaní so západnými krajinami naše poznanie ústrednej civilnoprocesnej zá­ sady prejednacej, jej podstaty a mnohosti aspektov, nemože uspokojiť. Zmierniť tento stav niekorkými poznámkami je cieľom nášho príspevku.

Správní soudnictví a jeho další perspektivy

Author(s): Jaruška Stavinohová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/1998

Institut správního soudnictví je neustále žhavým tématem, diskutovaným v české právní teorii i praxi. Jeho zavedení do právního řádu zákonem č. 519/1991 Sb. vyvolalo nové debaty o jeho roli, cOech, organizaci a procesních aspektech jeho uplatňování. Přestože ani v české právní historii nejde o institut zcela nový, vynořují se nové, obecnější úvahy o začlenění správního soudnictví do systému právního řádu, jeho organizaci a procesní úpravě, i úvahy o některých otázkách dílčí povahy tento institut provázející.

Občanská neposlušnost v moderním právním státě

Author(s): Jan Pinz / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/1998

This paper is focussed on the analysis of civil disobedience from the point of view its subject, object, substance and function. It explores also the essence as well as the significance of the civil disobedience in the modern Rechtsstaat in the connection with its origin from 19th century - as it was characterized by the U.S. famous philosopher HENRY DAVID THOREAU.

Povinnosti štátnych orgánov pri tvorbe práva v právnom štáte

Author(s): Ján Drgonec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/1998

Podstata právneho štátu tkvie v tom, že subjekty všetkých právnych vzťahov, súkromnoprávnych aj verejnoprávnych, sa správajú v súlade s platným právnym poriadkom. Prvoradým predpokladom takého stavu je existencia právnej úpravy ustanovujúcej práva a povinnosti subjektov dotknutých ústavou. Ak zlyhá zá­konodarca alebo ak orgán výkonnej moci nevydá vykonávací predpis, ktorý ho zákonodarný orgán splnomocnil vydať, mechanizmus správania subjektov práva sa narúša, či dokonca vobec nedá uviesť do chodu. V právnosti štátu vznikne trhlina skór ako právo začalo posobiť. V záujme odvrátenia, alebo aspoň oslabenia tejto hrozby sa vytvárajú medzinárodnoprávne aj vnútroštátne prostriedky určené na prekonávanie nečinnosti štátnych orgánov pri tvorbe práva.

Оригинално научно постижение в теорията на правото

Author(s): Stefka Naumova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2002

Научно събрание на българската асоциация по философия на правото и социална философия

Author(s): Ivan Kissyov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2002

За догмата на правото

Author(s): Neno Nenovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2002

Херменевтика и право

Author(s): Mihaylina Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2002

The Basic Problems of Interpreting Preambles of Constitutions

Author(s): Filip Novaković,Aleksej Indžić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In this article, we touch on the preambles of constitutions, their importance, and manner of interpretation with a purposeful analysis of these issues as the main objective of this paper. We look at constitutional law in its entirety, as well as preambular issues, to evaluate the segments of the legal act that represent its non-normative part. To significantly contribute to the understanding of the very goal of the constitution and similar acts is the most important issue of this topic. By analysing different methods of interpreting the constitution and its preamble, we provide a comprehensive account of errors in interpreting the constitution that penetrate every segment of our lives.