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Sprawiedliwość w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Grzegorz Świst / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXV/2016

Justice is a fundamental principle of human coexistence and represents a significant moral, ethical and legal value. The concept of justice elicited the interest of not only philosophers but also representatives of various fields of science. The essence of justice is also present in the social doctrine of the Church, which uses the philosophical, theological and social wealth of our times and the past. The article is devoted to the concept of justice in the context of the teaching of John Paul II. The Pope in his preaching pointed to the deep meaning of the concept of justice and insisted that every man had his dignity and freedoms. John Paul II often acted as a defender of the rights of every man and noticed that justice alone is not enough. Therefore, the combined justice with mercy and strongly emphasized that mercy is a more profound source of justice. The Pope believed that mercy enabled us to practice justice and is a very important value in the life of the society. The thoughts on justice included in the teachings of John Paul II show great wisdom in personalistic approach to a man who lives in a specific community and in the specific period of time. The teaching of John Paul II reveals a deeper look into the very essence of justice, which over the centuries has been variously understood and interpreted differently. However, according to the Pope in interpersonal relations justice alone is not enough.

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Wymiary sprawiedliwości na gruncie filozofii prawa. Problematyka sprawiedliwości wczoraj–dziś–jutro

Author(s): Martyna Zimmermann-Pepol,Karol Gregorczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXV/2016

The article is devoted to the issue of justice in the philosophy of law, taking into account the complexity of the discussions and the multiplicity of concepts and formulas of justice in terms of their substantive content and historical heritage. The attention has been drawn to the Reﬂections on the justice of Roman jurisprudence in the context of the distinction between us and sex, which has been referred to the contemporary ethics of a judge. Additionally, the Authors have presented the development of the idea of justice over the centuries in terms of absolutism (natural legal concepts: Plato, Aristotle) and relativism (concepts based on legal positivism: Hobbes, Spinoza, Hegel, Kelsen, and on the social good: Hume, Mill, Rawls).In conclusion, the Authors have invoked the issue of the relationship between us and lex in relation to a modern democratic state against the socio-political background and in the context of relationships between the written laws and moral norms.

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W stronę naukowości prawa w turystyce – zagadnienia wybrane

Author(s): Monika Tomaszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the article is to present some arguments in favor of independence of laws in tourism. It seems that the current development of tourism tends to reflect the dilemma whether we can today speak of a law in tourism and, if so, whether we should grant the tourism law a scientific status. The article focuses on selected issues of scientific tourism and law in tourism. The first part deals with the concept of scientific definition of tourism and laws in tourism as well as points which are problematic in formulating a definition of these two terms. In the second part, the author includes her considerations concerning the areas of institutional status of the law in tourism. In the section dealing with the institutional status, she points to scientific centres in which research is carried out in the area of law in tourism, refers to the current state of development of scientific staff, evaluates the degree of integration of the scientific community and mentions the important role of scientific institutions in the training of scientific personnel for the needs of the tourist market. A little on the sidelines of these comments, the author focuses on selected problems and methodological terms, the issues representing only a marginal topic the discussion.

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Formacja prawnika wyzwaniem czasów

Author(s): Stanislaw Leszek Stadniczeńko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The author considers the questions relating to the formation of lawyers’ professional traits from the point of view of the significance which human capital and investment in this capital hold in contemporary times. It follows from the analyses, which were carried out, that the dire need for taking up actions with the aim to shape lawyers appears one of the most vital tasks. This requires taking into account visible trends in the changing job market. Another aspect results from the need for multilevel qualifications and conditions behind lawyers’ actions and their decisions. Thus, colleges of higher education which educate prospective lawyers, as well as lawyers’ corporations, are confronted by challenges of forming, in young people, features that are indispensable for them to be valuable lawyers and not only executors of simple activities. The author points to the fact that lawyers need shaping because, among others, during their whole social lives and realization of professional tasks their personality traits and potential related to communication will constantly manifest through accepting and following or rejecting and opposing values, principles, reflexions, empathy, sensitivity, the farthest-fetched imagination, objectivism, cooperation, dialogue, distancing themselves from political disputes, etc. Students of the art of law should be characterized by a changed mentality, new vision of law – service to man, and realization of standards of law, as well as perception of the importance of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences.

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The Inextricable Entanglement of Argumentation and Interpretation in Law

Author(s): Miloš Marković / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

At the basis of tireless efforts to explain the nature of law lies the question of how judges should decide cases. Therefrom arises a need for a theory that would clarify the role of the courts and, moreover, provide guidance to them on reaching judgments. The history of legal theory abounds with various attempts to offer a generally acceptable answer to the question raised. The fervor of debate and the perpetual dissatisfaction with offered solutions prompted the thought of untamable arbitrariness of judges. In the contemporary debate the significance of argumentation is particularly emphasized as a link of the court procedure which provides reasonableness and therewith justification and persuasiveness of the decision. Before going into the matter, I will indicate in broad strokes which areas of legal theory do argumentation and interpretation belong to. The purpose of setting a conceptual framework is to prevent losing sight of the whole as well as to limit the scope of discourse to a certain section of legal issues. The second part deals with the concept of argumentation in general and some specific features of the argumentation in law. The third part examines the role of legal interpretation and draws a clear distinction between the interpretation as a process and the interpretation as a result. At the end of the discussion I shall put forward a thesis that the interpretation as a process is argumentation, while the interpretation as a result is an argument in the justification of judgment.

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ПРАВДА И ПРАВО: НОВИ ОДГОВОРИ НА СТАРО ПИТАЊЕ

Author(s): Goran Dajović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

In the article, the author analyzes the relationship between two concepts: the concept of a just action and the concept of the law. In doing so, he follows insight of contemporary legal philosophers, those on both sides of the „front lines“ in the jurisprudence (positivists as well as natural law theorists), according to which it is wrong to confine that relationship to the question of whether Lex injusta has legal validity or not. However, this does not mean that there are no essential or significant relationships between the two concepts. The task of jurisprudence is to deal with these questions and in that respect help us to better understand of „our“ own legal system and social practices. After analyzing the two concepts, it can be concluded, first, that the two key links between justice (just action), and the law is that the law is „justice-apt“, and second, that the law is the kind of thing that ought to be just. From these two necessary connections, it follows that the law which does not succeed to actualize so-called formal „justice“ and procedural justice, conceptually speaking, can not be recognized as a typical legal system, but can be regarded as the „defective“ or perverted law.

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THEORETICAL DISAGREEMENT ABOUT LAW

Author(s): Miloš Zdravković / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

As the dominant direction of the study of legal phenomena, legal positivism has suffered criticisms above all from representatives of natural law. Nevertheless, the most complex criticism of legal positivism came from Ronald Dworkin. With the methodological criticism he formed in “Law‘s Empire”, Dworkin attacked the sole foundations of legal positivism and his main methodological assumptions. Quoting the first postulate of positivism, which understands the law as a fact, Dworkin claims that, if this comprehension is correct, there could be no dispute among jurists concerning the law, except if some of them make an empirical mistake while establishing facts. Since this is not the case, Dworkin proves that this is actually a theoretical disagreement which does not represent a disagreement about the law itself, but about its morality. On these grounds, he rejects the idea of law as a fact and claims that the law is an interpretive notion, which means that disagreements within jurisprudence are most frequently interpretative disagreements over criteria of legality, and not empirical disagreements over historic and social facts.

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ИДЕАЛИСТИЧКИ И РЕАЛИСТИЧКИ ПОЈАМ ПРАВА

Author(s): Dragan Mitrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

Law is an extremely complex phenomenon that evades precise conceptual determination. This is particulary true for the idealistic legal theories that focus on the layers of law that go beyond the discernible reality, and instead of giving preference to usefulness of the laws they vest it to justice or some other essential value. Due to these important shortcomings, special differentiation should be made between idealistic concepts of law and the idealized or ideal concepts of the law. In a conventional and operative manner, law can also be determined realistically. Nonetheless, despite the possibility of its operationalization, a precise determination of the realistic concept of law comes as no easy task due to its complex, shaded and layered nature. If we accept that law should primarily be useful and not just, then its realistic concept can be operatively determined in an expanded and a restricted sense. This allows us to further elucidate the three main layers in the concept of the law: complete (perfect), incomplete (imperfect) and unfinished (illusionary) law.

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О СУШТИНСКОJ СПОРНОСТИ ПОJМА ПРАВА: ГАЛИЈЕВ ОКВИР ПРИМЕЊЕН НА ПОЈАМ ПРАВА

Author(s): Bojan Spaić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2010

The main focus of this article is to examine inadequacies of different approaches in defining the concept of law in legal theory. The author suggests that by categorizing the concept of law as an essentially contested concept, one may account for permanent conceptual disputes in legal theory. The author claims that the concept of law fits five descriptive criteria for essential contestedness suggested by Bruce Valter Gallie. He further argues that by adopting this point of view one deflates the value of definitions, understood in terms of necessary and universally valid explanations of a concept, and emphasizes the importance of different conceptions of the key concept in legal theory.

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ЈАСНА И НЕПОСРЕДНА ОПАСНОСТ II: ЧАС АНАТОМИЈЕ

Author(s): Boris Begović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2010

У претходном броју овог часописа објављен је текст „Прети ли јасна и непосредна опасност од новог закона о заштити конкуренције“ ауторке Дијане Марковић-Бајаловић (у даљем тексту ауторка), који представља полемички осврт на наш рад објављен у истом часопису крајем 2009. године. Полемика и размена аргумената је нешто што недостаје нашем академском животу – често се пише тек да се нешто напише, без поклањања пажње оном што су други написали, па нас је стога обрадовало сазнање да има оних који, ипак, читају наше текстове и осећају потребу да на њих реагује.3 Сматрамо, штавише, да полемика не треба да представља само непосредан одговор на примедбе друге стране, већ треба да осветли и контекст у коме су те примедбе настале. Како то постићи?

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КРИВИЦА КАО ЕТИЧКИ ИЛИ ТЕХНИЧКИ ПОЈАМ

Author(s): Marija Karanikić Mirić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

Велики број теоретичара права сматра да је објективна кривица (faute objective, faute sociale) технички, а не етички појам. Без обзира на то да ли одсуство моралних, односно етичких елеменaта интерпретирају као предност или као слабост објективизираног појма кривице, аутори се слажу да је појам објективне, то јест социјалне кривице, лишен сваке моралне конотације. Које је то обележје кривица изгубила својом објективизацијом, тако да се од етичког претворила у технички појам? Ако је етички домен онај у коме се постављају етичка питања и ако се појам, који представља нечији одговор на једно етичко питање, квалификује као етички, онда припадност тог појма етичком домену не може да зависи од садржине одговора на етичко питање. Другим речима, до квалификације једног схватања као аксиолошки неутралног не може се доћи на основу његове садржине. Аутори који тврде да је субјективно схватање о кривици етичко, а објективно схватање о кривици техничко, то јест аксиолошки неутрално – ову своју тврдњу заснивају на властитом етичком или моралном суду о одговорима на одређена, неспорно етичка питања.

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COERCIVE ENFORCEMENT AND A POSITIVIST THEORY OF LEGAL OBLIGATION

Author(s): Kenneth Einar Himma / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2012

The concept of legal obligation is utterly central to legal practice. But positivism lacks a comprehensive account of legal obligation, focusing only on the second order recognition obligations of officials with no account of the first-order legal obligations of citizen. As legal obligations are conceptually related to legally valid norms, this failure calls into question positivism’s theory of legal validity. In this essay, I develop Hart’s account of social obligation and supplement his account of the second-order legal obligations of official qua official with an account of the firstorder obligations of citizens. The latter is constituted, I argue, by social pressure in the form of the authorization of the state’s coercive machinery for non-compliance.

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НАЧЕЛО ЗАКОНИТОСТИ

Author(s): Dragan Mitrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2004

The three main meanings of the principle of legality: philosophical, sociopolitical, and normative, make it possible to compose the so-called prescriptive definition, according to which legality represents the forms of legitimate, institutionalised certainty that is expressed as the harmony of all legal enactments with the law. Its aim is to provide a certainty that is protected and secured by the state. Without that, the principle of legality cannot be achieved. Legality, therefore, represents social, institutionalised and legitimate -- state protected and guaranteed certainty -- which, in the normative legal form is expressed as the harmony of all enactments with the law. The demand for harmony with the law nevertheless represents only the recognisable positive legal feature of the principle of legality. Often it is not a demand for harmony with the facts and needs of life. For that reason, the myth of the omnipotence of the principle of legality should be rejected just like the idea of the superfluity of legality.

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Потенциал права в реализации функций государства в научно-технологической сфере: проблемы и перспективы

Author(s): L.A. Gumerov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2017

The research has been performed with the purpose of forming scientifically grounded knowledge about the role of law in the regulation and implementation of the state’s activities in the scientific and technological sphere. The main method used to achieve this goal has been the dialectical general philosophical method. In accordance with this method, structural-functional and logical methods, formal legal and comparative legal methods have been also applied. As a result of the research, it has been established that the main functions of the state in the sphere of relations under consideration are as follows: ensuring scientific and technological development; protecting scientific and technological potential. The examples given in the paper have made it possible to conclude that the potential of law in the implementation of the functions of the state in the scientific and technological sphere is not fully involved. Conflicts and contradictions in the norms of law have been revealed.

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ПРИНЦИПИ МОРАЛНОСТИ У ЈУСНАТУРАЛИСТИЧКОЈ МИСЛИ ЛОНА ФУЛЕРА

Author(s): Srđan Budisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 77/2017

Not following up directly on the preceding classical natural law tradition, Fuller’s work demonstrates his effort to develop a new theoretical model which would make the idea of natural law more receptive to the understanding of the contemporary audiences. Thus, in the midst of the legal positivist trends, jusnaturalism relies on the concept of process where it finds a fruitful formula for overcoming the shortcomings of previous approaches. Fuller’s eight principles of internal morality of law are based on the idea of envisaging such legal standards that would result in the adoption of legislative acts which would guarantee each citizen full certainty as to their validity and content, whereas the observance or inobservance of these legal rules would be a matter of free will (human autonomy). This ethical imperative seeks to bypass the relativism of the content of a legal act by defining those universal criteria that any legal act must fulfill in order to meet the moral minimum. Considering the boldness and originality of the exposed principles which are the cornerstone of his specific variant of legal naturalism, Fuller’s morality of law theory was like a glove thrown into the face of the legal theorists of positivist provenance. The revitalization of the jusnaturalist thought offered an alternative to the prevailing doctrinal understandings and indisputably provided a significant contribution to the overall legal theory heritage.

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The Problem of Truth in Prescriptive Statements

Author(s): Iovan Marțian / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article argues the need to address the law, that is, the legal prescriptions, with reference to alethic criteria. Even though they have an imperative meaning, legal norms and prescriptive sentences cannot elude the problem of truth. Legal norms generally emerge from certain knowledge and real experience, which are embedded in laws and in the way in which legal texts are written. The rationale undertaken by the author converges into demonstrating that the aim of carrying out justice and the functioning of the legal system in a society are unconditionally reliant on finding the truth. These aims are the result of coherent, true, necessary, and sufficient knowledge.

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ОПСЕГ ЛОГИКЕ У ТУМАЧЕЊУ ПРАВА

Author(s): Suzana Medar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 66/2014

У општој херменеутици се, неретко, правна херменеутика односно тумачење права, узима за огледну. Са друге стране, правна херменеутика је плодно „тле" за преношење и даљи развој општих филозофских „струјања". To се види на проучавању језика у правy и правне логике. Традиционалној, односно формалној логици тумачење, право „дугује" основне законе, односно аксиоме мишљења, који доводе до истинитог сазнања. Шездесетих година 20. века оживљава стара, дијалектичка логика која изводи закључке на основу само вероватних премиса. To је био довољан „импулс" за настанак нове теорије о аргументацији, као проблемском мишљењу и топике, која се бави „општим местима", односно изворима или темељима из којих се добијају аргументи. Најзначајнији представници аргументативне, односно топичке мисли у праву су Хаим Перелман и Теодор Фивег. Код низа правних аутора, класични методи тумачења замењују се далеко бројнијим аргументима, чиме се проширује простор за стваралачку улогу тумача. Аргументација и топика углавном одолевају савременим приговорима са позиција систематског, односно аксиоматско-дедуктивног мишљења или схватањем да топика има своје место у правном расуђивању и поред систематског карактера права или, чак, проглашавањем аргументације и топике универзалним решењем за сва правна питања пa и Гордијев чвор између природног и позитивног права.

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ACTUALITATEA PRINCIPIILOR HEGELIENE ALE FILOSOFIEI DREPTULUI

Author(s): Agata-Mihaela Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2018

C’est étonnant comme les principes hegeliennes de la philosophie du droit, développés par Hegel, dans un manuel qui a franchi l’aula de l’Université et s’a adressé, alors, dans le milieu du XIXème siècle, en même temps, au monde scientifique et au public, soient tant simples ! Il s’agit de l’ossature juridique de la réalité et de l’État, d’une série d’éléments de droit naturel et de science de l’État, que le grand philosophe les construise dans une architecture philosophique exacte, rigoureuse, mais subtile et profonde, spécifique de la méthode élaborée déjà dans la Science de la logique. Certainement, Hegel, dans son entier démarche, a en vue, aussi, une catégorie de confrontation entre des certaines vérités et d’autres vérités de même façon, qui sont répandues de autres parts. Mais dans le droit et dans l’éthique de l’État, la vérité est aussi vieille comme il est relevé dans la morale publique et en religion. Relire les principes de lesquels écrivait Hegel dans l’époque des lumières est, croyons-nous, bénéfique pour la complexité d’aujourd’hui du notre monde juridique et de ses interconnexions avec le reste de l’humanité.

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CONSACRAREA PROCEDURII FORMULARE: MODEL AL RAFINAMENTULUI GÂNDIRII JURIDICE ROMANE

Author(s): Ionuţ Ciutacu,Elena Tudor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2016

Simplicity solutions and refinement techniques and procedures used by judicial magistrates and legal consultants have demonstrated the superiority of legal thinking in relation to contemporary novels. A good example of this is the adoption of the law Aebutia through which they implemented a new process system. Even though the shares had become odious Roman law, the rule of law did not require the procedure form. Although the present many advantages, may be rejected by the Romans, who were a conservative people, who respect their traditions, including legal ones. And this time, the practicality of the Romans was defeated tradition; procedure law was not repealed actions; Her application was denied in parallel with the new process system to see what is decided in practice. Since this ingenious method led, naturally, to the scrapping of the system exceeded the reality, should be a model of inspiration for those involved in studying the legal phenomenon.

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JUSTIŢIA – COMPONENTĂ FUNDAMENTALĂ A PUTERILOR STATULUI. ROLUL JUSTIŢIEI ÎN APĂRAREA ŞI PROMOVAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI

Author(s): Dumitru Mazilu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2016

In this study has been underlined that Justice is a fundamental component of the powers of State. It is known that in any democratic state there is a separation of powers: legislative; executive and juridical power. The Romanian Revolution from 1989 has been promoted a new Constitution in which the separation of the powers of State has been stipulated as a fundamental principle of democratic exercise of public authorities. In the study, also, has been underlined the impact of Justice on fundamental rights and freedoms of every human being. Justice it shall be promoted through all existing institutions, and in particular, through tribunals, but at the same time, through moral rules, which have very important impact in every human Community.Today, injustice exist not only on national level, but – at the same time – on international level.It is our duty to do everything in our power to eliminate injustice at national and international level and to implement the principle of Justice in our daily life.

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