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Philip Rieff’s Typology of Culture and Its Applicability to the Literary Hybridization of the Theological Ideas of Humanity and Spiritual Progress (A Bulgarian Case Study)

Author(s): Grażyna Szwat-Gyłybowa / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2016

The twentieth century has become in a special way a time of reflection on the theological roots of human thinking, including thinking in political terms; suffice it to mention such names as Walter Benjamin, Carl Schmitt and Erich Voegelin. One of the thinkers who joined the ongoing disputes was Philip Rieff, who in his book My Life Among the Deathworks (2006), took on the task of a controversial (according to many) revitalization of the Judeo-Christian paradigm. Reflecting on the subject of art works over several centuries, he abstracted typological criteria allowing him to build a dichotomous model of art, as dedicated either to death (the non-Judeo-Christian variety) or to life (the Judeo-Christian variety). The paper attempts to verify his reasoning by reflecting on the theological models of humanity and spiritual progress in Teodora Dimova’s novel The Train to Emmaus (Vlakat za Emaus, 2014).

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Pamięć o granicach. Demarkacyjna produktywność Wodzic w mijackich wsiach Bituše i Ehloec

Author(s): Joanna Rękas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2016

The main aim of this article is to present ways of expressing the inner (religious) and external (ethnic) social boundaries of Mijaks, as they appear during the celebration of the festival of Epiphany (Revelation of Lord / Baptism of Christ in the Jordan / Vodici) in the villages of Bituše and Ehloec (Western Macedonia). The realization of this goal is based on the notion of the demarcation productivity of Vodici, developed based on Nikita Ilyich Tolstoy’s theory of ritual codes, with its semiotic foundations of Yuri Lotman’s signifying elements; insights concerning the relationship between rituals and social boundaries made by Anthony Cohen and Macin Lubaś; Clifford Geertz’s observations on the ritual ignorance of newly-created urban social patterns; the notions of collective memory of religious groups of Maurice Halbwachs; Paul Connerton’s commemorative ceremonies and the concept of media of memory, developed by Jan Assmann, Astrid Erll and others. The sources of analysis are the results of my fieldwork, i.e. participant observation and in-depth interviews (primary sources, 2012–2014), carried out in the mentioned villages, as well as secondary sources: printed materials, manuscripts, as well as audio and video recordings.

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Kompleks Wanga w Rupite jako sanktuarium religijne

Author(s): Ida Ciesielska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2016

The article addresses the Vanga complex that has been developed since 1994 in a Bulgarian village called Rupite. Due to its unique spatial arrangement as well as the ambiguity of the religious practises engaged at the complex, it at the same time effortlessly serves as an Orthodox, an esoteric and a folk sanctuary. The fact that its creators were influenced by the Marxist and esoteric system established in the twentieth century by Lyudmila Zhivkova as well as spatial categories of the centre and axis mundi, resulted in the occult tenor of this place. Simultaneously, mystification used by the originators together with ambivalent approach of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church towards syncretic religious phenomena, enabled St. Petka Church – constituting the axis of the complex being discussed – to become an official Orthodox church. Furthermore, the Rupite complex can justifiably be interpreted as an institutionalisation of the cult of the local seer Vanga, dynamically developing in the south-west of Bulgaria. Binding psychic and healing spiritual gifts of Vanga with folk beliefs about St. Petka, made it possible to inscribe the seer into the paradigm of a Christian martyr and a prophetess. Moreover, it also allowed Vanga to enter the pantheon of saint healers, who are particularly popular in these areas.

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ОБРАЗЫ «МЫ» И «ОНИ» В МАССМЕДИЙНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО ЭКСТРЕМИЗМА В ТАТАРСТАНЕ

Author(s): Aida Nailevna Nurutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article deals with the mass media discourse related to the terrorist attack occurred in summer 2012 in Kazan. The analysis of publications from the federal newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta and the regional newspaper Respublika Tatarstan made it possible to identify characteristic features of the images of “us” and “them” as well as similarities and differences in their representation. The ideological means used in the texts and contributing to the preservation or transformation of the relations of domination in the region are determined.

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Anna Fedele and Kim E. Knibbe, eds. Gender and Power in Contemporary Spirituality: Ethnographic Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Author(s): Jeanne Kormina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Review of: Jeanne Kormina - Anna Fedele and Kim E. Knibbe, eds. Gender and Power in Contemporary Spirituality: Ethnographic Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2013. 238 pp. ISBN 978- 0-415-65947-5.

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Гендерные границы и перспективы гендерного диалога на Северном Кавказе

Author(s): Saida Valerevna Sirazhudinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

In the modern world proclaiming the values of democracy, human rights and equality, the issue of social borders is still relevant. The article explores the question of the existence of gender boundaries in the North Caucasian society. The article is based on the results of the sociological research in the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study show the effect of gender barriers increased by the specificity of the region, traditions and Islam.

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МЕДИАНАРРАТИВ ПОДЖОГОВ ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ ЦЕРКВЕЙ В ТАТАРСТАНЕ: КОНТРКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ФЕНОМЕН ИЛИ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЕ?

Author(s): Aida Nailevna Nurutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

The article analyzes the media narrative of arson attacks on Orthodox churches, which occurred in autumn 2013 in Tatarstan. The study of news programs on three national TV channels (Channel One, Russia and NTV) allowed us to identify the basic elements of the narrative’s plotline and the characteristic features of the images of “we” and “them” and their variations. The analysis revealed a transformation from the counter-cultural rhetoric of the messages to the criminal one, which served as a way of completion of the media narrative and formation of a complete picture of reality.

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Wspólnoty mięsa. Konstruowanie tożsamości grupowej wokół sporu o ubój rytualny

Author(s): Ludmiła Janion / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

Recent legal changes resulted in an outburst of interest in the moral and legal acceptability of the ritual slaughter in Poland. The aim of the article is to establish in what ways the dispute over the slaughter method contributed to the construction of collective identities of two involved groups: Polish Tatars and animal rights activists. On the basis of the materials published by the groups in question, it is shown that the Tatars cement their collective identity of meritorious Poles while add an element of being the victims of political quarrels and religious discrimination. Animal rights activists deny being anti‑Semitic or Islamophobic, but they present themselves as more civilized and humane than the minority. Thus, the view on the superiority of the majority’s culinary practices is strengthened. Both groups refer to the nationalist discourse and the category of being Polish. The article shows that the nationalist discourse is flexible enough to accommodate contradictory claims of both groups, while the category of ethnicity is not deemed useful by the Tatars. Moreover, the privilege of apparent ethnic neutrality remains invisible to the social majority.

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Arcybiskup Michalik na celowniku semiologicznych partyzantów

Author(s): Piotr Zańko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

In this article the author uses an interpretative analysis of cultural texts to investigate how the internet surfers criticized a controversial utterance of archbishop Józef Michalik on the foundations of pedophilia in the Catholic Church. The analyzed visual artifacts are perceived as a form of cyberactivism, culture jamming, or even pro -Promethean counterculture. According to Ken Goffman and Dan Joy this last one believes in the force of new technologies, expecting them to make human communication more democratic and change the social world. In reference to Michael Strangelove, the author states that the world wide web is, despite certain attempts of censorship, a space of liberate expression of citizens, while the analyzed subversive practices create – with the spirit of situationist détournement – a new kind of public space as well as the public itself that learns how to defy to different forms of dominance, control or power.

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Recepcja kanonów Codex Iuris Canonici (1917) dotyczących sakramentów inicjacji chrześcijańskiej w dokumentach i statutach Synodus Dioecesana Kielcensis (1927)

Author(s): Mirosław L. Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2016

Concern for the liturgical life of the community of believers is reflected in sensitivity to the correct shape of celebration. Normative basis for the proper development of the liturgy is undoubtedly the Code of Canon Law and legal norms formed by the plane of the local church. Such a source of law for the Diocese of Kielce becomes the first Synod of Kielce (1927), which in its statements take very extensively the issue of the sacraments. For this reason has stimulated this study, which deals with the Sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist. The analysis applies not only to the provisions of the Synod, but above all they are consistent with universally binding law. It becomes also snapshot of the passage of the liturgy in the Diocese of Kielce at the beginning of the twentieth century.

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From Šulgi to Abraham: Encounters with Ur in the First Millennium BCE

Author(s): Zachary Rubin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Of all the ancient cities that could have served as Abraham’s hometown, why does the Hebrew Bible choose Ur? This article explores how different groups may have interacted with Ur and its legacy circa the exilic and postexilic periods of biblical authorship, to discern the ways different groups in Babylonia engaged with Ur, and how their interactions may have informed their perception of the city. It argues that Babylonian Judeans largely did not have direct access to the city or to the cuneiform artifacts that described its history. Instead, Judeans would have had to rely on information transmitted orally from Babylonians, whose interest in Ur may have been elevated due to the preponderance of artifacts from the Third Dynasty of Ur. As such, this article will evaluate how different forms of information traveled in the ancient world, and the ways they impacted the direction of cultural memory: through archaeological discoveries, word-of-mouth transmission, and scholarly rationalization.

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Visualizing Pentateuchal Composition: A New View of the Creation of Ancient Hebrew Literature

Author(s): Seth L. Sanders,Walker Rhea,Kay White / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article describes a gap in scholarship on the Hebrew Bible, and demonstrates a way to address it via a digital humanities project that is at once a research tool and an interactive work of public scholarship. The gap results from the fact, well-known among scholars but still startling to much of the public, that ancient Israel had no Bible as we know it. This is the case for the Persian and Hellenistic period, when, as we know largely from the evidence of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the textual form of many biblical books and the biblical canon as a unit was not yet fixed. But it is also true in a different way for an earlier period in the history of the Pentateuch, before the texts were edited into their current form. With this consensus as a starting point, we present the opportunity to visualize the most widely-agreed on possible sources and layers of the Pentateuch separately, offering a glimpse of texts closer to what people in ancient Israel may have actually had, and letting readers experiment with how they may have been combined.

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Layers of Abjection: The Unnamed Pilegesh of Judges 19 and Us

Author(s): Alexiana D. Fry / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The unnamed pilegesh of Judges 19 has been understood and labeled as “abject.” However, to only see her as abject as it pertains to the text is to miss the layered aspects of her abjection. She is not only abject literally and literarily but also abject as she is a symbol of abjection for the social body of Ancient Judah, a figure by which they understand and make sense of their traumas. The dismembered pilegesh thus demonstrates how corporeal violence to her body is used to think within the ancient world, how her body continues to demonstrate the subjugation of precarious bodies, and the way her body demonstrates theological claims and ideas—on multiple layers. Finally, in a manner of self-reflexivity, this article considers my posture as continuing her abjection. While this will not and cannot redress her abjection, exposing these layers is an attempt at re-membering.

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Pınar Ülgen, Orta Çağ Avrupa’sında Aşk, Tutku, Entrika ve Romantizm

Author(s): Merve Zeren / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Pınar Ülgen, "Orta Çağ Avrupa’sında Aşk, Tutku, Entrika ve Romantizm", Yeditepe Yayınları, İstanbul 2023

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Eskişehir İli Ali Koç Baba Ocağı İle Sultan Şücaaddin Veli Ocağı Dini Örgütlenmesi ve İnanç Pratiklerinin Karşılaştırması

Author(s): Hüseyin Temel,Refik Arıkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2024

Alevism emerged as a result of the power struggles over who would be the caliph after the death of the Prophet. It has been used to characterize the followers of Prophet Ali and the members of the Ahl al-Bayt. In Islamic history, it has also been used to describe different mystical, political and theological formations that are considered to be part of the Shia and Shia and have beliefs about Prophet Ali. In the course of the historical process, Alevism has been divided into different branches within itself and has become a belief that shows its influence in different geographies. Finding a place for itself among Turks, Alevism became one of the most important religious organizations in Anatolia, especially with Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli. The Alevis, who spread to the Balkans with the settlement policy, were organized as "hearths" and continued their beliefs. Alevis who returned to Anatolia with the migrations from the Balkans continued their beliefs and culture. In this study, the origins, religious organizations, similarities and differences in terms of worship and social life of Seyyid Ali Koç Baba Quarry and Seyyid Şücaaddin Veli Quarries, which are among the Alevi communities living in Eskişehir and its vicinity, are focused on. Büyükyayla, Salihler and Kütahya Aydınlar villages around Eskişehir Seyitgazi, which are predominantly inhabited by the followers of Ali Koç Baba Quarry, and Arslanbeyli Village of Şücaaddin Veli Quarry were selected as samples.

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Отношението на Народна република България към религията

Author(s): Ramis Myumyun / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The coup of September 9, 1944 and the seizure of power by the Bulgarian Communist Party led to deep and comprehensive changes in the Bulgarian society and state. Bulgaria is embarking on the path of socialism, related to the imposition of a new value system on the entire society, a new way of life, behavior and thinking, limited within the framework of Marxist-Leninist ideology and copying Soviet practice. At that time, all public institutions aimed to form the ideal socialist personality, with the corresponding worldview, beliefs and morals. The main elements of communist education are political, labor, economic, moral, legal, aesthetic, physical and atheistic. It is on the latter element that the current study is focused, which aims to establish the attitude of the People's Republic of Bulgaria to religion, both to Christianity and to Islam.

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Islam Penginyongan: Orientation of Local Wisdom towards Ebeg Tradition in Islamic Studies and Local Culture

Author(s): - Nawawi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Javanese culture has become the center of study for many Indonesians, due to its historical dominance in the fields of politics, economics, culture, and its status as a major ethnic group in the archipelago. Throughout its history, Javanese culture has gradually absorbed various elements and influences and has been influenced by various interactions for more than a millennium from foreign cultures and civilizations. Islamic values, harmony between movement, music and lyrics in art ok can represent spiritual concepts in Javanese beliefs. This ritual becomes a channel for the expression of spirituality, connecting humans with higher dimensions and honoring the presence of spiritual forces. The method in this research is qualitative. The results of this research are: in art ok, process machine is a powerful reflection of humanity's greed and lust for the world. This is a moral message and reminder about the importance of maintaining balance, caring for spiritual values, and avoiding excessive attachment to material things that can disrupt one's relationship with God. Through procession machine will provide a moral message about the importance of controlling oneself and avoiding negative behavior that can harm oneself and others. Just as this procession illustrates the effects of uncontrolled lust, so too can behavior such as gambling and other vices have a negative impact on a person's life and social relationships. On the other hand, Art ok encourage responsibility to maintain good relationships with law. In all, procession machine for someone is a form of expression of gratitude, appreciation, and happiness to law.

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Proposed Model of Sharia Bank Share Ownership Through Waqf Funds

Author(s): Saparuddin Siregar,M. Ridwan,Hilyati Inayah Siregar,Muhammad Fitri Rahmadana / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This paper presents a feasibility model for Sharia Bank share ownership through Waqf funds as an alternative source of capital. It begins by addressing the problem of insufficient capital stock for Islamic banks in Indonesia. The exploration includes banking regulations by the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, Sharia Waqf laws and regulations by the Indonesian Waqf Board, and literature in the field of Waqf, as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, and online resources, particularly those related to Waqf regulation. Conclusions are drawn by analyzing several themes, which are further validated through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions with experts. This paper introduces Cash Waqf as a potential source of paid-in capital for Islamic banks, particularly in Indonesia.

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Jana Poláková: Čtrnáct barev Vánoc. Jiný obraz svátků očima etnologa

Author(s): Zuzana Beňušková / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Review of: JANA POLÁKOVÁ: Čtrnáct barev Vánoc. Jiný obraz svátků očima etnologa [Fourteen Colours of Christmas. A Different Image of the Holidays Through the Eyes of an Ethnologist] Brno: Moravské zemské muzeum, 2018, 530 p.

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POLITICAL ORTHODOXY AS A SOURCE OF SOFT POWER IN RUSSIA AND SERBIA

Author(s): Milan Vukomanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Balkan states have remained susceptible to Russian influence in the 21st century due to a concurrence of contemporary and historical factors. In Serbia, such factors have contributed to the high favourability of Russia among the general public, despite government leadership attempts to balance between these sentiments and relationships with the West. To best understand these trends, one of the most compelling examples is the role of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and the Serbian Orthodox Church in serving as forces to strengthen the shared history of these two nations. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the ROC has served as a vital partner to Putin and to the Russian government in justifying their ideologies, along with the strong transnational presence of the ROC as a soft power. Accordingly, the role of religious institutions as public diplomacy actors is exceedingly important to understand in today’s global setting. For states like Serbia, this presents a setup whereby Russian positions may be shared or reinforced through religious channels. It is, therefore, crucial for scholars, political analysts and public policy makers to better understand the link between religion and public diplomacy, and to formulate policies and programmes that specifically consider activities disseminated by religious institutions.

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