ПРАВО И ВРЕМЕ - УМЕСТО ПРЕДГОВОРА

Author(s): Dušan Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 135/2011

Pravo јe u stalnom raskoraku sa društvom i vremenom. Ono neprestano kasni za razvoјem društvenih odnosa. Reč јe o sistemskom problemu koјi postoјi od samog početka. Poznato јe, ili se barem s razlogom može pretpostaviti, da su odnosi u prvobitnim ljudskim zaјednicama bili regulisani običaјima koјi su nastaјali sporo, dugotraјnim ponavljanjem određenih postupaka u sličnim situaciјama. Takva regulativa јe bila izvorna [Kemp Allen 1964: 1], zasnovana na iskustvu koјe јe sticano generaciјama. To, pak, znači da su bile potrebne godine, a ponekad i deceniјe da bi se određeno pravilo uobličilo i ustalilo. Društveni život se u međuvremenu odviјao u skladu sa rukovodnim načelima [Nikolić 2010: 25]. Trebalo јe, takođe, mnogo vremena da se običaјno pravilo izmeni i prilagodi novim prilikama u društvu. Ta sporost niјe bila toliko opterećuјuća sve dok su društveni odnosi bili manje složeni i dok promene u društvu nisu bile nagle i česte. Međutim, okolnosti su se bitno izmenile kada su počele da se formiraјu veće zaјednice. Broјniјe društvo јe stvaralo kompleksniјe odnose, iziskivalo јe složeniјu regulativu i brže kolektivno reagovanje na neželjene postupke poјedinaca. To јe u značaјnoј meri uticalo na nastanak nove, političke organizaciјe društva, oličene u državi. Istovremeno sa njenom poјavom počeo јe da se razviјa novi oblik regulisanja društvenih odnosa. Ne čekaјući nastanak običaјa, organi državne vlasti su sami stvarali pravila koјa su važila za buduće istovrsne situaciјe (pro futuro). U početku јe to bilo normativno reagovanje na već poznate prilike u društvu, ali se kasniјe јavila potreba za svoјevrsnom pravnom prognostikom i regulisanjem odnosa za koјe se moglo pretpostaviti da će nastati u bližoј ili daljoј buduћnosti. Međutim, novom regulativom, koјu nazivaјu neiskustvenom i artificiјelnom [Kemp Allen 1964: 1], problem niјe rešen u potpunosti. Organi državne vlasti nikada nisu uspevali da u potpunosti sagledaјu sve aspekte određenih poјava i procesa i da utvrde pravila za sve buduće pravno relevantne odnose u društvu. Istovremeno sa porastom broјa ljudi, rastom njihove međuzavisnosti i tehničkim i tehnološkim napretkom, uvećavao se raskorak između normativnog i stvarnog.

Otazníky ohledně ústavní ochrany práva seniorů na uspokojivé hmotné zabezpečení ve stáří

Author(s): Martin Štefko / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

Provisions on social rights, included rights to pensions, contained in Czech, German, Spanish and Sweden constitutions are not completely without legal impact. They are not just expressions of political intent. Actually, they form constitutional ideas on respective legal systems; the State itself, its administrative agencies and courts are bound to follow and implement these ideas in their actions and decisions. We also found few social rights based on the language of Czech and German constitution but none within the realm of pension insurance. Still, they are exceptions. Regarding social reforms, it has been proved that there is so far neither a guarantee contained in Czech, German, Spanish, and Swedish constitutions nor an ultimate obstacle derived or developed by respective national courts that could stop changes of current pension insurance schemes. Caution against social rights on constitutional level can be explained mainly because of the character of social rights in question.

Vliv sociálních médií na funkci soudce

Author(s): Zdeněk Křivka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2014

This article addresses a current issue of judicial conduct regarding judicial activities on social medias. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter are rapidly extending their already huge popularity and are also affecting judicial system as a whole. Judges are exposed to people trying to influence them to decide cases according to their own selfish wishes. Social medias are a brilliant platform for such undesirable activities. This article therefore tries to answer relevant and important questions that are arising. Inspiration to answer the questions can be found in United States of America. Competent American institutions have already taken first steps in order to regulate the problem. Both federal and state level regulations and recommendations are a significant parts of this article. Israel is also one of the few countries that did not let this matter unattended. The aim of this article is to enlighten Czech legal public to the matter and initiate a productive discussion.

Poradnictwo prawne i obywatelskie w kontekście świadomości prawnej i potrzeby edukacji prawnej Polaków. Wybrane problemy

Author(s): Adriana Sylwia Bartnik,Katarzyna Julia Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 78/2018

The article analyzes the issue from the point of view of law, sociology and based on the experience of both authors.It not only raises issues related to legal awareness, legal education and legal advisory, but also presents a broader context of issues that are the context of the social functioning of the law in the Republic of Poland and the relationship to law or law reforms.

JURIDICAL EDUCATION, VECTOR OF THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EURO-ATHLANTICAL MAN’S PERSONALITY AND CONSCIENCE, IN A DEMOCRATICAL AND ECUMENICAL SOCIETY

Author(s): Eduard Traian Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: XII/2018

I'm a Ph of theology and jurist and I want an juridical academic career’s development. The theme, image analysis and propose an interest me particularly, wants to be a development of other approaches of various scientific personalities, the context in wgich the labor retain including your own, was an honorary member, such as: "Legal Education", the "National Opinion ", 24, nr. 748, 19 April 2016, p. 1 and 2 (http://opinianationala.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/748.pdf); The teleological aspect of Legal Education in a democratic and multicultural society/teleological Aspect of Legal Education in a democratic society and muticulturală -International Conference , "POLITICS. DIPLOMACY. CULTURE "(1-4 June 2016- http://pdc.conferences.faaa.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Program-DRAFT1.pdf); POLITICS. DIPLOMACY. CULTURE. -echoes- in "National Opinion", 24, no. 756, 21 June 2016, p. 3 (http://opinianationala.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/756.pdf); Legal Education, vector development training profile of man, in the spirit of the European Convention on human rights/L ' éducation juridique, le vecteur de développement du profil de formation de l'homme, dans L'esprit de la Convention Européenne des Droits de l'homme -International Conference "obstacles in the path of knowledge, the promotion of and respect for human rights", under the auspices of the Chamber of Deputies Commission for human rights, cults and Minorities Issues, OADO-Craiova, Universitatea "Spiru Haret" University-Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Legal Craiova and Lawyers and Economists Association Hareiști from Craiova (Craiova, 23 June 2016).

Právo v kontextu. Výuka společenských věd na právnických fakultách

Author(s): Tomáš Havel,Jana Ondřejková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

This article presents the outcomes of the students' research project, "Law in Context. Social Science Subjects in Law Faculties' Curricula." The main object of the research was to find out how law faculties in Europe, the United States and Canada reflect the study of law from the standpoint of political science, sociology, psychology, economics, international relations and European integration. The approaches differ among different countries: politology or sociology do not seem to be wide spread at German law faculties, while the curricula in France is similar to that in the Czech Republic. In Spain, for example, lessons concerning the laws in force precede subjects such as legal philosophy. One chapter also deals with the specific concept of law education in the United States. Offering an overview of many interesting subjects, the article, in addition, presents several relevant current issues and topics for discussion, and could well serve as a comparison, guide or inspiration for teachers when preparing their syllabi of social science related subjects at law faculties.

Stát a právo v éře postmoderní komunikace

Author(s): Jaromír Harvánek,Jan Stejskal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2010

The article deals with questions of communication as an attribute of a new era, the era in which the positive effect of information is almost taken for granted – the era in which the communication is, at times almost uncritically, trusted to be a reliable tool in social conflict and social deficit problems solving. Authors endeavor to challenge this assumption by developing a rarely occurring, complex, and seldom developed view of certain structural antagonisms, which state and noctemporary legal system face within the context of communication environment transformation. First two sections of the text attempt to outline the implications of the era of communication abundance for contemporary state and public sector, the following sections focus on the influence of information transformation to the legal system which is, by sociology of law, perceived as the very core of rationally-legal domain of modernity.

Obyčej a zákon z hlediska komunikace a kulturní identity společnosti

Author(s): Jan Stejskal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2007

K proměnám kulturní identity, tohoto výlučně lidského intersubjektivního závazku symbolické povahy, nedochází náhle. Ve vzájemné souhře a střetávání vědění (idejí), regulativů a artefaktů, jež společně tvo­ří smysluplný svět kulturně sdílených významů, hraje stěžejní roli symbolická lidská komunikace, jíž se člověk musí učit a která formuje i jeho samotného prostřednictvím vztahů k druhým. Než se objevila první města, byla vztahová lidská realita ukotvena do široce institucionalizovaného světa pospolitých rituálů, pře­dávané a neustále opakované přítomnosti. Komplexní městská civilizace soustředila velké množství lidí, vy­tvořila podmínky pro dělbu práce a specializaci těch skupin obyvatelstva, které se už nemusely zabývat prů­běžným zajišťováním obživy ani související výrobou. Město se stává nejen komunikační křižovatkou a ob­chodním centrem, ale též sídlem moci: diferencuje se zde postupně moc politická a náboženská. Rozkošatělá a dynamizovaná městská kultura pak přináší do lidské každodennosti řadu novot, které jsou v rozporu s tradovanými způsoby myšlení a jednání, "přirozenými" v epoše mluvení. Městská organizace vyžaduje jiný typ integrující správy a revolučním nástrojem se přitom stává psaný záznam, uplynou však ještě mnohá sta­letí, než se písmo transformuje v běžný nástroj dorozumění a poznenáhlu i samostatný systém podílející se na utváření dalších epoch. Proměna kulturního typu lidské společnosti tak kráčí ruku v ruce s proměnou ve sféře intersubjektivních komunikací, mění se sdílená kulturní identita, individuální identity sociálních aktérů, způsob společenské kontroly i normativní regulace vzájemných vztahů, kterým se věnuje tento text.

Profesionální etika advokáta - práva a povinnosti advokáta

Author(s): Lenka Řehulová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2007

"Slibuji na svou čest a svědomí, že budu ctít právo a etiku povolání advokáta a chránit lidská práva. Slibuji, že budu dodržovat povinnost mlčenlivosti a dbát dů­stojnosti advokátního stavu." Takto zní slib každého žadatele předtím, než jej Česká advokátní komora (dá­le jen Komora) zapíše do seznamu advokátů. Těmito dvěma krátkými, ale z pohledu etiky velmi význam­nými větami, se budoucí advokát zavazuje, že bude ctít práva a povinnosti advokáta, které se týkají ce­lého spektra vztahů, do kterých vstupuje při výkonu své činnosti. Následující řádky věnuji problematice ad­vokátní etiky, neboť se domnívám, že v teorii i praxi bývá často opomíjena i přesto, že jde o závažnou otáz­ku dnešní advokacie nespočívající pouze ve stavovské cti a důstojnosti vystupování advokáta.

K pojmům privativní a kumulativní novace

Author(s): Jiří Handlar / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2006

Tento příspěvek je věnován problematice pojmů kumulativní novace a privativní novace, kterými jsou v současné civilní teorii pravidelně označovány určité typy dohod působících změnu či zánik závazku. Pojem novace byl podrobně teoreticky rozpracován již předválečnou právní vědou, která vycházela z teh­dejší normativní úpravy obsažené v obecném zákorúku občanském, v současné době patří pojem kumulativní a privativní novace mezi tradiční základní pojmy nau­ky o dohodách o změně či zániku závazků. Již v úvodu tohoto příspěvku je třeba předeslat, že jakkoli patří oba uvedené pojmy do tradiční právní terminologie závazkového práva, jejich vymezení skrývá nejedno teoretické úskalí, zejména kumulativní ino­vaci lze v současné době považovat za velmi nejasný právní pojem. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je provést analýzu pojmů kumulativní a privativní novace, poukázat na někte­ré základní teoretické problémy spojené s vymezením těchto pojmů, a v neposlední řadě i pokusit se uvést správný pohled na danou problematiku.

Státní rada a komunitární právní řád

Author(s): Renaud Denoix de Saint-Marc / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2005

The Council of State is a very old institution in the current understanding of its meaning. Its history, its independence, the way it is recruited, its rules of conduct and working practices form the strength of its position and make it possible to adapt to all situations, such as the massive, rapid and growing intrusion of Community law. It cannot be said that this adjustment was easy. The Council of State was not accustomed to submitting to any other judicial institution, nor to allowing the principles of its case-law and the rules of public law deriving from it to give way to norms which came from elsewhere. However, community discipline has prevailed and the Community legal order is now part of our daily reality.

ANALYSE DE L’EFFET SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE ET DU PARCOURS INITIAL SUR L’EFFICACITE INTERNE A L’UNIVERSITE MARIEN NGOUABI : LE CAS DE LA LICENCE 2 ET 3 A LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES

Author(s): M’Piayi Auguste / Language(s): French Issue: 2 (51)/2021

This paper presents the results of a research that analyzes the socio demographic impact and initial acquisitions on the internal efficiency of Congolese highereducation, based on data drawn from a survey of students in the Faculty of Economics(FSE) at the Marien NGOUABI University. The logistical model confirms the effectiveness ofthe C baccalaureate, while the technical baccalaureate is the least recommended. Livingwith a partner, wealthier social origins and residence outside the university residence ofstudents would have a very significant beneficial effect. These results recommend an indepthanalysis of the living conditions of the campus residents in order to implement aneffective student housing and social assistance policy. They also plead in favor of a betterhigh school / university pedagogical transition and finally the broadening and deepening ofthe evaluation analyzes of the system.

JUDECĂTORUL ȘI FABULISTUL ORHEIAN ALECU DONICI, PRECURSOR AL ETNOLOGIEI JURIDICE ROMÂNEȘTI

Author(s): Valerius M. Ciucă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2020

Paul Valéry said about fables as follows: “Little by little those who loved or liked it, those who were able to understand it disappear. Those who demanded it, those who broke it, those who bantered it died too ... Soon, an instrument of pleasure and emotion will become a school accessory; what used to constitute the truth, what used to constitute the beauty turns into a means of constraint or into an object that arouses curiosity, but a curiosity which forces itself to be curious." ("Oraison funèbre d´une fable", in Variétés, apud Sanda Radian, Măștile fabulei. Etape de evoluție în literatura română (The Fable Masks. Stages of Evolution in Romanian Literature), Minerva Publishing House, Bucharest, 1983, p. 5)In a recent conference, held in Suceava , I expressed some regrets in relation to the absence of scientific concerns in the vast and important field of legal ethnography and ethnology in Romania, as follows: "Legal ethnography and ethnology are not obviously, in particular, delimited in Simeon Florea Marian's grandiose work. General science was in the course of being established; it was not the time for particularistic developments. It was late when by means of another pioneering work, that of the Romanian scholar and anthropologist Romulus Vulcănescu, some issues of concern for our jurists, for law sociologists and anthropologists started to be reflected in the Romanian legal culture. Very few. Even the great ethnologist Petru Ursache acknowledged that the domain was deficient, in his very impressive creation of ethnosophy". As for the fable, apparently a minor literary genre, so much lamented, as we have seen above, by Paul Valéry, as an object of historical contemplation only, the intersection of the legal culture with the sapiential, moral and literary spirit of the people increases considerably; so much that it becomes a valuable scientific landmark in the emergent legal ethnology twinned with legal sociology, with legal anthropology and with legal folklore . In the most serious way, even if, isn’t it true, with hilarious and caricaturizing weapons, with a playful and clever spirit, the fable decrypts a people's propensity for truth and justice or, conversely, for gregarious fatalism in relation to the vices that corrupt the nation psychologically and morally. Its role is didactic. The young jurists would become scientifically and culturally ennobled if they took over the case law, the "cases", from the fables ... Or if, their masters guided them towards associating the case law with the comic and fabulising spirit of the wise judge ...

AN EVALUATION OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BOTSWANA PUBLIC SECTOR

Author(s): Tshukudu Theophilus Tebetso / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (52)/2021

This paper aimed at scrutinizing how Botswana (Democratic State) a politicallystable country for the first time since independence terminated contract for essential servicessection in Government abruptly, due to conditional salary increase of 5% increase, henceTrade Unions proposing an increase from 16% to 13.8%, this was during Lt General IanKhama Seretse Khama’s presidency. Failing to reach consensus, employees resorted tonational strike which took eight weeks. "Ignorance of the law excuses not" and "ignorance ofthe law excuses no one" respectively; essential services employees, in terms of the TradeDispute Act 2003, Cap 28: 02, (Laws of Botswana) every party to a dispute of interest has theright to strike or lockout if all the requisites of a lawful strike prescribed by the Act have beenmet. Even though every employee has the right to strike, it was argued that the industrialaction by some of the employees was unlawful as they are classified as essential serviceemployees. Therefore, the above statement abrupt essential services workers to strike,despite employee’s grievances. In this scenario, the unions have to be blamed for not assistingthe essential workers to understand the repercussion of (strike) consequences of crossing thelaw’s path “

Co dalej z prawem aborcyjnym w Polsce?

Author(s): Dominika Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 789/2021

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AS ELEMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORK

Author(s): Dejan Logarusic / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The author considers methodology as a scientific discipline of a general character, which studies and analyzes phenomena from a scientific point of view by applying the principles of objectivity, reliability, systematic approach and precision.The methodology of scientific work, gradually tested, helps one reach basic and relevant knowledge starting from basic ideas, by applying methods and research procedures, defining science and scientific research work, proving hypotheses, and all the way to the implementation and indicators in the application of an established scientific research project. Starting from basic ideas, using methods, through research procedures, defining science and scientific research work, proving hypotheses, all the way to the implementation and indicators in the use of an established scientific research project, the methodology has found its application in theory and science.

Perspectives of Legal Culture: A Systematic Literature Review

Author(s): Mateja Čehulić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Despite many doubts and criticisms, the use and popularity of the term legal culture have been growing steadily since 1969, when Lawrence Friedman first coined it. Regardless of the difficulties in conceptualising and operationalising legal culture, it is widely used in research and theoretical work. This paper investigates how researchers are overcoming conceptual issues, as well as the similarities and differences in approaches to legal culture and their effects on the comprehensibility and coherence of the concept. Through a systematic literature review of scholarly papers published in two citation bibliographic databases – Web of Science and Scopus – that contain the term legal culture in the title, this paper identifies definitions of legal culture, theoretical assumptions, research methods and specific topics depicted within the field of legal culture. The analysis indicates heterogeneous approaches to legal culture, accompanied by inconsistency in understanding and applying the concept. The notion of legal culture is related to various topics but mainly used as an intervening variable; without empirical research, authors use the term as hypothetical and self-evident, assuming its impact on law and society. Besides, the analysis identified various forms of defining and explaining the legal culture and different methodologies, amongst which a descriptive approach prevails. Based on the insight into scholarly articles on legal culture, the review concludes with suggestions for improving future research and the explanatory power of legal culture.

Rejestr biegłych sądowych

Author(s): Dariusz Jagiełło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49/2020

The article aims to analyze the content and assess the shape - currently functioning – of a register of court experts. It answers the question whether its present form is justified and fully objective. However, the main problem pervading the text is an attempt to determine: whether the Register of court experts performs its role, or if it requires modification, and if so deep? In order to provide full and reliable answer to the questions posed, I analyzed 45 registers of court experts kept by the Presidents of District Courts. This procedure allowed for constructive conclusions, as well as for the formulation of de lege ferenda postulates. I pointed out absurdities, shortcomings and unauthorized entry in the registers of people who have never made any opinion, and have been on them for many years, or present specialties that are in no way useful in court proceedings.

Dreptul Algoritmic

Author(s): Silvia Uscov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2021

The law is a set of rules of social coexistence, so it is natural to ask ourselves whether legal rules can be “translated” into a programming language that provides the algorithmic solution to a legal problem. “If” the answer is positive, “then” what are the limits of this new possibility, assessing the potential risks involved in such operation. Algorithmic law is an umbrella notion that defines the normative set created by an algorithmic system, with minimal human intervention, based on real life data. Algorithmic law is an umbrella notion that defines the normative set created by an algorithmic system, with minimal human intervention, based on real life data.

Embarrassing Stories

Author(s): István H. Szilágyi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

‘Legal storytelling’ is one of the most contested area of the interdisciplinary research field of ‘law and literature’, which has taken shape in the political and legal context of the United States originally. The proponents of ‘legal storytelling’ endeavour to ‘give voice’ to groups and minorities of disadvantageous social position by ‘telling’ – by hearing and publicizing, in fact – their stories unheard by law. However, many lawyers doubt that these everyday life, often trivial, stories carry any legally relevant content, while literati question their aesthetical value. The essay argues against these doubts leaning on the material of focus group interviews recorded in a recent research on the Hungarians’ legal consciousness. It aims to expose the important role that these everyday life stories play in legal culture on the one hand, and, on the other hand, that the analysis of these uncanonised, not-belletristic texts could be fruitful indeed. For this, the first part of the essay offers a survey on how the concept of ‘legal culture’ emerged in Hungarian legal theoretical thinking, and how the sociological researches, in which the presented ordinary stories were recorded, connected to that. After analysing several story-bits taken from two focus group participants’ narrations, the attention turns to stories told by the ‘greats’, that is by writers, and here enters Franz Kafka in the scope. The last part of the essay seeks to determine what relates the two kinds – the ordinary and the literary – of narratives and what are the differences between them. For a conclusion, it emphasizes that this essay can be seen only as an intuitive theoretical experience for using aesthetic notions in analysing empirical sociological data rather than a methodologically well-founded application of that. The basic idea of this experiment is that both law and aesthetics are permeated by moral, and social psychological constituents.