We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Review of: Ryszard Skarzyński, "Podstawowy dylemat politologii: dyscyplina nauki czy potoczna wiedza o społeczeństwie. O tradycji uniwersytetu i demarkacji wiedzy", Temida2, Białystok 2012, ss. 346., by: Leszek Sykulski
More...
Review of: Gracjan Cimek, "Rosja. Państwo imperialne?", Naval Academy Publishing, Gdynia 2011 SS. 330., by: Leszek Sykulski
More...
Review of: Dariusz Krajewski, "Stosunki usa i iranu za prezydentury mahmouda ahmadinejada. Analiza sfery doktrynalnej irańskiej polityki zagranicznej", Adam Marszałek Publishing, TORUŃ 2011, SS. 162., by: Mateusz Hudzikowski
More...
Review of: Jacob Potulski, "Wprowadzenie do geopolityki", Publisher of the University of Gdansk, Gdansk 2010 ss. 386., by: Leszek Sykulski
More...
Review of: Leszek Sykulski, "Geopolityka, czyli pochwała realizmu. Szkice teoriopoznawcze", Warsaw Publishing Company, 2011 Warsaw, SS. 160., by: Tomasz Klin
More...
Ukrainian lands in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have been in proximity of great geopolitical changes several times. During that time the Ukrainian nation – due to various factors – encountered a number of “windows of opportunity” for achieving the realization of dreams about independence and national sovereignty. The author identified in the period considered four “general moments,” of which two have been completed successfully. The first of these occurred in 1990–1991, when for the first time in modern history, Ukrainians managed to achieve a lasting and relatively stable independence. The second of the “moments” – still unresolved – are events that began in the late autumn of 2013. The process, called “Revolution of Dignity”, represents a new quality in the history of the Ukrainian nation, therefore, that the Ukrainians have to defend the status quo (independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty, etc.) but not to seek to achieve an independent being. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the ability of Ukrainians to achieve and maintain independence is largely a function of the relative power of the Russian state as measured with respect to the shape and quality of international relations.
More...
This article is devoted to the roots of the developments that have taken place in Ukraine since Autumn 2013 and up to the Russian invasion. It stresses the historical differences between Ukraine and Russia, presents the international milieu of Ukrainian independence in the years 1991–2013, and ends with a description of the nature of the Maidan revolution and the pan-European challenge created by the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The main thesis is that the struggle for Ukraine ends the post-Cold War epoch marked with an illusion of eternal peace in Europe and with the groundless hope for Russian imperialism to expire.
More...
War in Ukraine and the Russian annexation of Crimea are the events that changed the US policy towards Russia. The events in Ukraine forced the United States to take a closer look at Eastern and Central Europe. The United States’ policy during the Ukrainian crisis has been limited to sanctions and strong statements so far because in Ukraine there is an asymmetry of interests. Ukraine is much more important to Russia than to the United States. The United States may be willing to support the democratic and western aspiration of Ukrainians but will not risk a major conflict with Russia over it. However the crisis in Ukraine is not only about Ukraine or Russia. It is also about US credibility around the world. Both friends and foes are watching closely the American reaction to the situation. That is why the United States has increased its military presence in those NATO countries that share borders with Russia.
More...
The events in Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea, and the Russian attitude towards Ukraine show an evident change in European relations. The escalation of conflict between Russia and Ukraine however does not affect only those two countries, but also those in the nearest vicinity. Especially in Scandinavian and Nordic countries change in social ambience can be observed. The aim of this article is essentially to analyze Swedish reaction to the Ukrainian Crisis, the change in Swedish attitude towards international security systems, especially NATO, and Swedish perception of its national safety.
More...
Modern geography is considered to be a methodologically weak discipline. One of the aspects of this weakness is the inability to properly define many common geographical terms, often used in literature, the media at large, in colloquial language and in scientific discourse as well. Thus the weaker the position of geography as a science, the stronger the influences of metageography. There where there exists a deficit of geographical study, metageographic constructs begin to appear. Such concepts begin to blur the true picture of geographical reality, continuing its limited understanding as pertains to regions and countries, which in turn may lead to conflict and missteps within both economic and political realms. The aim of this study then, is to arrive at proper definitions of what constitutes "Poland" and "Europe", as well as their exact localizations, since the understanding of both concepts have been deformed by the false premises of metageographic concepts.
More...
Geopolitics has always been a disputable concept. Apart from the disagreements about whetherit is an eligible method of analysis, there are also debates among the various approaches in terms of what geopolitics is. Moreover, some approaches determine geopolitics either regarding as a substantive, two dimensional or a geographical phenomenon such as in the 19th century or try to apply in classical terms and models to explain the developments of the early 21st century. The aim of this study is to sort out these disputations with the claim that geopolitics generate the both background and the front side of the struggles within the globalisation phenomenon while arguing that geopolitics is a dynamic, flexible and multidimensional concept.
More...
The “Eastern Partnership” program is part of the European Neighborhood Policy, which was launched in 2004 to encourage good relations between the EU and neighboring states. The “Eastern Partnership” was established in May 2009 at the Prague Summit, and it is aimed to accelerate the political association and deepening the economic integration between European Union and six post-soviet states. Eastern Partnership program offers opportunities, especially in the economic sphere, for the development of closer and full cooperation with the EU. Moldova is today ranked as one of the leaders in the Eastern Partnership. Progress of the Republic of Moldova in the Eastern Partnership is rated as very good. Moldova represents a success story and leads in the implementation of major reforms oriented on improving the economic competitiveness.
More...
Investment activity is an important component of the successful development of the enterprise; it largely ensures achievement of the set goals, in particular, increasing the incomes of the enterprise, and, consequently, the budget of the country and the population. Therefore, the creation of optimal conditions for the implementation of investment activities is the main factor of economic growth. In modern conditions the investments become the most important facility of the ensuring the conditions of the real economic breakout RF, realization structured shift in public facilities, introducing the most latest achievements of the technical progress, improvements quantitative and qualitative factors to economic activity on all level. In this connection this article is dedicated to consideration theoretical basis investments. This paper reflects institutional approach of investment activity management in Kazakhstan. The author describes modern approaches to the content of investment, essence and classification. Two basic directions of the theory of market economy were studied: classical and neoclassical.
More...