Amerika und Russlands Zukunft
German Translation of a text of George F. Kennan, which had been published in the previous issue of "Foreign Affairs"
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
German Translation of a text of George F. Kennan, which had been published in the previous issue of "Foreign Affairs"
More...
Writers, politicians and researchers from England, France, America and Germany are discussing one of the most important questions of our day in this issue, which is the 50th edition of Der Monat
More...
Since ancient times, there have always been border disputes between countries and local communities and these border disputes have been the main factor in the emergence of wars and conflicts. In particular, the political borders of the Arabian Peninsula and especially Saudi Arabia were drawn with different wars and treaties after the First World War. Due to this fact and due to reasons such as the imposition of borders, the availability of oil and energy resources, the strategic location of some regions or islands, and the intervention of extra-regional powers, some parts of these borders have not yet been agreed upon and these disagreements have continued to the present day. The most important border dispute in question is the one that is between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Especially with the strengthening of the Houthis, the border dispute went beyond partial conflicts and caused Saudi Arabia to declare war on Yemen. This study will evaluate the effects and consequences of border security on bilateral relations between the two countries by addressing the concept of border and border security. The literature review showed that the problems between Yemen and Saudi Arabia were mostly handled with their sectarian dimensions and that the border dispute was not adequately addressed. The in-depth examination of this topic shows the importance of the article. The case analysis method was used in the article. Case analysis involves examining a particular individual, group, audience, event, policy area or institution for research. Although the case analysis method has been identified with qualitative research, it was thought that it would be more appropriate to apply the case analysis method in both quantitative and qualitative research in this article.
More...
Jewish settlement is one of the most important elements of the long – term contradictions between Israel and Palestine. Moreover, the legal status of the outposts is problematical. The main objective of this text is analysis the significance of Jewish settlement in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict and to try to answer the question how high in the hierarchy of the State of Israel priorities is the Jewish settlement. In a content of this article there such matters as security wall with its functions and consequences for Palestinians in the context of Jewish settlements, issue of an administration of the West Bank and the case study describes example of the Kfar Etzion and Sheikh Jarrah.
More...
The article examines Russia’s foreign policy tools in Africa and analyses the Russian sphere of influence on the continental countries. In this context, it is discussed that Russia has exploited the foreign policy legacy left by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in coordination with its intervention tools and has gradually increased its engagements in the continent. The abandonment of the Cold War strategy of leading the Communist parties and movements outside its borders paved the way for a period in which Russia prioritized state interests and redesigned its African policy accordingly. The article aims to analyse the hybrid intervention approach that brings together the soft and hard power elements of Russia increasing its interaction with the African countries to which it has given a different economic, political, and cultural importance due to the Ukraine war. In this direction, it is claimed that the hybrid model, which encompasses election interference, media and communication studies, trade relations, disinformation activities, and covert paramilitary formations, basically centres on Pan-Africanism, anti-Western approach, and economic expansionism. The study uses the literature review method. In terms of examining the effects of the economic, political, and security-based consequences of the Ukraine War on Russia’s tendencies and policies towards Africa, the study differs from the existing literature and provides a comprehensive framework for the perception of Russia in Africa.
More...
Motives: The factors that affect technology imports from China have never been examinedin the literature, and this study was undertaken to fill in this knowledge gap. The factors that drivehigh-tech imports from China to Africa, including those that negatively impact imports, wereidentified. The results can be used to implement changes in the trade strategies of African countries,including industry 4.0 strategies or trade agreements with China, and to influence the behaviorof companies importing high-tech from China.Aim: The primary goal is to identify the factors that influence technology transfer, in particular thetransfer of electronic and electrical technologies, in the areas of high-tech manufacturing. The secondgoal is to determine whether these factors have equal strength and direction of influence on differentstreams of technology transfer.Results: The study demonstrated that both economic and geographical factors influence technologytransfer, defined as two streams of high-tech manufactures: electronic and electrical, as well as otherhigh-tech manufactures. However, the two import streams behaved differently, and different factorsaffected Chinese imports into Africa.
More...
The aim of this article is to examine applicability of classical geopolitics to interpret the context of the war in Ukraine. The author argues that the classical geopolitical approach has shortages in explaining the current warfare in Ukraine, because territory, space, and geography are not sufficient to explain complex international relations in today’s globalized world. The interventionistic policy of the US, the main force of Atlanticism, undoubtfully has the key role in shaping the situation in Ukraine, but a wider picture indicates presence and influence of corporate and financial non-state actors that benefit from strengthening military-industrial complex. The author concludes that critical geopolitics offers deeper inquiry into the geopolitical claims than the classical geopolitical thought because the former recognizes that nowadays states are not only geopolitical agents. There are indications that the war in Ukraine is waged by Western political, economic, military, and financial elites against Russia as a part of the strategy to maintain global power and prevent rising multipolarity.
More...
The aim of this article is to examine applicability of classical geopolitics to interpret the context of the war in Ukraine. The author argues that the classical geopolitical approach has shortages in explaining the current warfare in Ukraine, because territory, space, and geography are not sufficient to explain complex international relations in today’s globalized world. The interventionistic policy of the US, the main force of Atlanticism, undoubtfully has the key role in shaping the situation in Ukraine, but a wider picture indicates presence and influence of corporate and financial non-state actors that benefit from strengthening military-industrial complex. The author concludes that critical geopolitics offers deeper inquiry into the geopolitical claims than the classical geopolitical thought because the former recognizes that nowadays states are not only geopolitical agents. There are indications that the war in Ukraine is waged by Western political, economic, military, and financial elites against Russia as a part of the strategy to maintain global power and prevent rising multipolarity.
More...
The invasion of Ukraine highlights the continued threat Russia poses to Eastern Europe. This essay describes these threats as twofold: investigating both the material realities of soldiers and weapons; as well as abstract notions like the role played by ideas and history. Discussing examples such as the “war of monuments;” the Baltic forest brothers; and the Holodomor; this paper examines how contrasting approaches to history and memory can lead to conflict in the region; particularly when threats are perceived differently by competing actors.
More...
The present paper analyzes the US-China relationship, which is one that will determine the international system. The paper intends to uncover the details in the relationship between the two global powers in an ever-changing world. It also analyzes the nuances in the politics of the different American administrations and their approach towards Beijing. In the 21st century, China became the biggest geopolitical challenge for the US-dominated unipolar world. The dynamics in the relationship between the two superpowers will shape the architecture of international security.
More...
As the Western Balkans mark two decades since the 2003 essaloniki Summit, an atmosphere of re ection, rather than celebration, envelops the region. Amidst the initial hopes ignited by the summit’s commitment to EU enlargement, the journey towards integration has been mired in complexities and frustrations. A deeper exploration into the underlying causes reveals a surprising factor at the heart of the delay – the state of public administration, an often-overlooked linchpin in the ambitious pursuit of EU integration.
More...
The 20th anniversary of the 2004 European Union enlargement should constitute an occasion not only to celebrate the numerous economic successes of the last two decades, but also to reflect on upcoming development challenges. Although growth since the accession has been pretty solid and stable, its foundations are still not robust enough, especially given the current uncertainties concerning geopolitics and geoeconomics.
More...
It is clear that Turkey is very keen to be increasingly involved in the South Caucasus region. Its interests in this region are inextricably linked to cooperation with Azerbaijan and numerous transport projects, particularly those that allow for the transportation of energy resources. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the importance of supplying energy from the Caspian Sea to Europe has only become more crucial.
More...
Legal responsibility of a parliamentarian in the course of activities falling within the scope of performing his mandate and outside it – some polemical remarks de lege ferenda. The publication is an attempt to summarize the basic principles of legal liability of parliamentarians in the Polish legal system. The author criticizes the current legislative solutions in this area, which, in his opinion, go too far in protecting the parliamentarian, both in relation to his activities falling within the scope of exercising his mandate and in relation to non-parliamentary activities. Society expects its representatives to behave in a dignifi ed and honest manner, focused on the concern for the common good. A parliamentary mandate should not be an escape from responsibility or a postponement. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that there are no rational premises for the continued protection of the deputy and senator to be so strong, even when it obviously violates the social sense of justice.
More...
Review of: -Adam Balcer, Turcja, Wielki Step i Europa Środkowa, Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury, Kraków 2019, s. 176, Wydanie II
More...