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4.50 €

Bektášíjský řád a jeho tekke v albánských městech

Author(s): Milan Strmiska / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

In the next chapter, Milan Strmiska discusses the presence of the Bektashi order in the Albanian-inhabited portions of modern Albania, Macedonia, and Kosovo, and the role of the order and its religious centers in cities. The introduction briefly presents the order’s beliefs and traditions, its history, the transfer of its global headquarters to Tirana, Albania, its survival through the Communistera, and its revival and expansion in the last twenty years. In the next section, the author focuses on the form of the traditional Bektashi tekke (monastery), whichhe illustrates using the example of one of the oldest and largest Sufi tekkes in the Balkans, the Arabati Baba tekke in Tetovo, Macedonia. He also focuses on traditional religious life in the tekke and its social importance for the city in which it is located, and discusses the new importance of Bektashi tekkes as places of architectural and cultural heritage that have become tourist attractions in recent decades.

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8.00 €

The Dodekaoros, Magical Papyri, and Magical Gems

Author(s): Attilio Mastrocinque / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Dodekaoros is an astrological system based on twelve symbolic animals, each one representing a form of the Sun when approaching a particular constellation and zodiacal sign. This system was used for horoscopes. Its origin has no certain chronology and is known from the late Hellenistic Age thanks to the Babylonian astrologist Teukros. Nevertheless, the system was probably older and seems to be rooted in the Egyptian speculations about the different forms of the Sun God. Its use in some magical papyri and gems is studied here by taking also new data into account. In particular, we will review the Papyri Graeca Magica (thereafter PGM) IV, 1644-1649, XXXVIII, 1-26, reporting the Dodekaoros with an orientation (with the cat in S-E), and III, 500-535, where καν[θάρου should be read and not καμ[μάρου. Two features will prove particularly useful in our research: the orientation of the system and the nocturnal part of the animal series. Several animal forms of the Dodekaoros also appear on magical gems, where they are placed in the cardinal points. In PGM II, 103-40 and on a magical gem, the Sun has 4 four forms in the different quarters of the sky and – this system can be understood only if we remember that these forms depend on the Dodekaoros and if we place one half the forms beneath the Earth, during the night; moreover, in PGM VIII, 6-11 four animals of the Dodekaoros are displaced into the four cardinal points. Some series of magical gems represent five animal forms of the Dodekaoros repeated thrice in order to depict the lower, the middle, and the upper parts of the world. These iconographies were aimed to represent the solar god in his variety of forms with his related influences over the world. This chapter will first study the meaning of the Dodekaoros, then its descriptions in magical papyri with or without orientation, and finally it will analyze several magical gems.

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Termeni creştini de origine grecească

Author(s): Lucian Jitaru / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

L´auteur de cet article propose de présenter les termes religieux d´origine grecque les plus fréquents qui sont entrés dans la langue roumaine au cours des siècles dès les premiers contacts des Romains avec les Grecques jusqu´au XVIII-ème siècle quand la Moldavie était dirigée par les Grecques phanariotes. Le grecque comme une langue appartenant ȧ une civilisation de prestige (en philosophie, en littérature, en rhétorique) a eu une grand influence sur la langue roumaine grâce ȧ sa position géographique et aux contacts politiques économiques, culturelles et religieux.

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What did Jesus Write on the Ground?

Author(s): Francesco Lucrezi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Pericope of John, Writing with His finger, The words of Jesus, Sins and sinners, Orality and Writing

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Obraz jogi i mocy jogicznych w „Bhagawatapuranie”

Author(s): Dagmara Wasilewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Bhāgavata-purāṇa, one of the most important Vaishnava texts, dates from around 6th–8th centuries A.D., a period when the system of classical yoga was already well known, while haṭha-yoga had not yet been formed, although its particular practices were already in use. The article presents yoga as a phenomenon perceived to some extent from the outside — from the distance created by the perspective of Puranic Vaishnavism, which on the one hand constituted part of the widely understood Vedic orthodoxy, and on the other was shaped under the strong influence of the pan-Indian devotional current of bhakti. The article deals primarily with what the authors of the Bhāgavata-purāṇa understand by yoga, how they describe it and make value judgments, as well as which of its elements they adapt to their own practice. In the Purāṇa we find extensive descriptions of yogic discipline in its very concrete forms, including detailed meditation procedures, as well as intriguing portraits of yogis and illustrations of the yogic powers they acquire, the so-called śakti. The author devotes special attention to “Book XI” of the text, especially its passage called Uddhava-gītā, in which the god Krishna in conversation with Uddhava in twenty-three chapters discusses in detail the text’s preferred way of yoga.

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Pięć twarzy Śiwy. Sādhana jako rytualna konstrukcja ciała

Author(s): Anna Mazur / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this article, the author describes the secret ways of teaching tantra. The knowledge regarding the daily practice of tantra comes from participant observation and from instruction given by Shajesh Tantra, a continuation of the Ānanda Nātha Sampradāya tradition associated with the Śrī Vidyā Upasaka spiritual system. The participant observation was conducted in December 2018 at the Chinnmaya International Foundation ashram (Kerala, India). The author describes in large part the method of transforming the human body into a tantric body through the recitation of mantras during daily sādhana. As a result of the sādhana practice, the yogi’s body is gradually transformed into a body made of mantras, the sound form of tantric deities. The described method of body transformation refers to the tantric concept of the five faces of Shiva. Its source was the mantra Oṃ namaḥ śivāya, the hidden meaning of which still remains unknown. When a yogi repeats this five-syllable mantra, namaḥ śivāya purifies the physical body, the subtle body and the karmic body.

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Jeżowscy benedyktyni. Erygowanie klasztoru i działalność mnichów w dobie renesansu

Author(s): Tomasz Stolarczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article consists of 3 main parts. In the first, the issue of the erection of the Benedictine provostry of Jezow in the 12th century was discussed. In the second, the endowment of the monastery in Jezow was discussed. The third section presents the history of this provostry in the 13th–16th centuries.

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Coordonate exegetice pe marginea unui text controversat: Iezechiel 20, 25

Author(s): Marius Magherca / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Dans cette étude j’ai essayé de déchiffrer l’un des plus difficiles textes du livre duprophète Ezéchiel (20,25), qui a soulevé de nombreuses controverses dans le groupe desexégètes juifs, mais aussi parmi les exégètes chrétiens. Le verset fait partie d’un amplediscours où le prophète expose une véritable « théologie de l’histoire » du peuple d’Israël, secondé de moments de chute de celui-ci qui sont gravement sanctionnés. Le message de Dieu transmis par l’intermédiaire d’Ezéchiel ne peut être déchiffré que dans la lumière de lacompréhension exacte de la Loi mosaïque qui est « pédagogue vers le Christ » (Gal. 3,24).

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Contemporanii Sfântului Grigorie Palama. Perspectivă istorică și teologică

Author(s): Cristian-Alexandru Barnea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

He who delves into the writings of St. Gregory Palamas and strives to understand the meaning of his theology, cannot fail to remain, at one point, amazed by the beauty of such inspired and enlightened thinking, contemplating the richness of Godʼs work through the people who are opening themselves to him with all their being. Meeting Saint Gregory Palamas through his writings and knowing his life will always raise the question: how did a man manage to reach such an experience of spiritual life? How did he enlarge his heart to accommodate so much light of divine grace? What were the important moments in his life that brought him so close to God, but, above all, who were the people who shaped the personality of the great Thessalonian hierarch throughout his life?

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Sfântul Cuvios Paisie Velicicovschi, promotor al isihasmului neamțean

Author(s): Benedict Sauciuc / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The life of Saint Paisie is very well known and he dedicated himself to God from his youth. During his time in Mount Athos he discovered the work and thoughts of Saint Gregory Palamas and decided to adopt the hesychastic way of life. His coming to Neamt Monastery as a abbot gave him the possibility to practice Lord’s Prayer and the hesychastic spirituality. The paper underlines much of his work done during his abbacy at Neamt Monastery.

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Protopopii Protopopiatului Chișineu-Criș (1919-1968)

Author(s): Alin-Florin Ciotea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the second half of the 18th century, the Diocese of Arad consisted of a number of eleven archdioceses. Among them was the Chisinau-Cris Archdiocese, based in the homonymous town. For 200 years, the history of the Diocese of Arad has been marked at the level of all sectors, by this archdiocese. Although little known even locally, medallions of archpriests from 1919-1968 drawn in this study, capture people and celebrities who, through their work, managed to impress the upper forums. With a special activity in the missionary and cultural field, the six archpriests prove to be providential people, who kept the flame of faith and culture burning in difficult times such as: the interwar period, World War Il or the great challenge of the communist regime, which 20 years after its establishment, in 1968,abolished the mentioned archdiocese. The series of archpriests from Chisinau-Cris shows the importance of this archdiocese among the others of the Arad diocese, as well as the essential role played by the archdiocese, through its leaders, in key moments of church, cultural or national-political life.

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An East Syriac Patriarch of the late 6th century and his Christians in Eastern Arabia. Contextualization and Preliminary Remarks on the Letter of Ishoyahb I to Jacob of Dirin

Author(s): Andrei Macar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ishoyahb I was Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East (the so called “Nestorian Church”) in a time of significant liturgical changes. These started with the patriarchate of Mar Aba (540-552) and continued till the 7th century. In this context, Bishop Jacob of Dirin (an island in the Persian Gulf, near Bahrain) had a couple of questions on liturgical, moral and disciplinary matters and addressed the Catholicos in a letter for clarification. The letter of Bishop Jacob is not preserved, but we have available the response letter of the Catholicos Ishoyahb I. Scholars remarked the importance of this Syriac response letter in that it was placed in “Synodicon Orientale”, one important canonical collection of the Church of the East. In their view, the letter of Ishoyahb I is a pastoral-liturgical compendium and an important source for the East Syriac liturgical tradition at the end of the6th century. Despite the appreciation that scholars have shown for this text in the past, it has so far been little analysed, except for its contribution to the history of the East Syrian Anaphora. In my opinion, the importance of Ishoyahb's letter goes beyond liturgical studies, being relevant also for the field of Church History, because it provides valuable information on the life of the Christians in the region of nowadays Bahrain and Qatar, at the end of the6th century. Furthermore, the letter contributes to the history of East Syriac Patriarchs because it plays a significant role in establishing the intellectual profile of Catholicos-Patriarch Ishoyahb I and the sources of his theological thought. The objectives of this paper are to place the letter in its historical context and to offer some remarks on its textual transmission and on its value for the liturgical and historical research.

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Un Sfânt isihast român, puțin cunoscut Cuviosul Antipa de la Calapodești

Author(s): Lucian Mihail Moisei / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The uninterrupted existence of thousands of hermits and hundreds of hermitages with monastic life in the Romanian Lands, since the 14th century, was the reason why, monks from neighbouring countries, such as Vasile de la Poiana Mărului (1692-1767), Onufrie de la Vorona (1700-1789), or Paisie Velicicovschi (1722-1794), chose to settle in these places, contributing to the renewal of Orthodox monasticism, by translating and printing the philocalic writings. Father Antipas of Calapodesti (1816-1882), follows the path trodden in the Romanian Lands by prominent hesychast monks. He received from God the gift of unceasing prayer, about which he spoke and advised with great ease, of long fasting, of simplicity, of tears of humility and of foreknowledge, managing to make himself loved both by simple people and by those in positions of leadership, metropolitans, bishops, abbots of monasteries, priests, or simple monks, some of whom even became his spiritual sons. The genuinely Christian life of the Father Antipas, his wonderful and exemplary life, was unanimously recognized by all, and he was honored as a saint in the Monastery of "Saint Panteleimon" in Mount Athos since 1906, shortly after his death, and was officially canonized in 1992 by the Romanian Orthodox Church and introduced into the Calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000.

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Credința ortodoxă și rugăciunea în viața și opera părintelui profesor Ilarion V. Felea

Author(s): Emilian Crisanul Nica / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The life of Father Ilarion V. Felea's life, in its various aspects, sacramentally, in the parishes in which he served, academically-scientifically, as a teacher at the Theological Academies of Sibiu and Arad, but especially the ordeal of imprisonment in Gherla and Aiud and his martyrdom in the Communist dungeon on September 18, 1961, places him among the great fathers of the Romanian Orthodox Church in the 20th century. From his writings, as from his life, emanates the authentic living of Orthodoxy, with full faith, even if in a hostile time and environment, both politically and confessionally. The present study aims, in a brief presentation based on the writings of Father Ilarion V. Felea, to reveal him, in the " Year of Prayer in the Church’s life and the Christian’s life", as a worthy example to follow in the confession of faith and in the practice of prayer.

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Prima anafora antiohiană a celor doisprezece apostoli. Sursă liturgică primară cvasicunoscută în spațiul românesc

Author(s): Ammar Awad / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Since the twenties of the last century, the Anaphora of the Apostles, which is the subject of this study, has been the focus of attention of liturgical scholars. This is due to Patriarch Rahmani's discovery of the striking similarity between it and the Byzantine anaphora of St. John Chrysostom. Throughout all these years, this anaphora has been considered a primary tool for researching the history of the anaphora of St. John Chrysostom, especially in the absence of historical evidence supporting the authenticity of this well-known Byzantine liturgy. This article is concerned with presenting the role of the Apostles' anaphora, not merely as a research tool, as just mentioned, but rather as a basic liturgical source that rises in value to the importance of the earliest Christian liturgical sources, and which has played a crucial role in the history of Christian worship, and which deserves to be studied in greater depth. This study also provides the Romanian theological academic circles with the translation of the anaphora from Syriac, the language in which the text has been preserved and has been handed to us; it also helps those who wish to deepen this research process and reach new discoveries.

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Istoricul și dezvoltarea liturgică a Praznicului Întâmpinării Domnului în Răsărit. Celebrare și integrare în cult

Author(s): Iuliana Timofti / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This study aims to present the history of the feast celebrating the Presentation of the Lord at the Temple (otherwise called the Hypapante feast, from the Gr. Ὑπαπαντή - meeting) in the Eastern part of the Christendom from a theological and a liturgical perspective, until its official adoption in the Church calendar. At the beginning, the Hypapante feast was merely known as the „fortieth day after the Epiphany”, as Egeria notes in the oldest record of this celebration, marked – from the first moment – by great joy and solemnity as on any of the dominical feasts. Later, the date of the celebration will be established by imperial decree and the festal hymnography will be fixed.

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Tri moguće definicije religijskih nauka u savremenom svetu

Author(s): Muamer Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

There are different classifications of sciences in the history of science in Islam, but despite their differences, we can generally talk about the meaning of the phrase “religious science”. What are these sciences and what is their difference with general sciences? Which characteristics make a science religious, and which make it secular? And should secular science be opposed to religious science at all, or is there some other division? Different answers were offered to all these questions. In this paper, we will try to gather these answers within the framework of three universal groups.

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Навлизане на християнството в Диоклецианопол

Author(s): Violina Traycheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper research the question of the penetration of the Christianity in Diocletianopolis. The period concerns the time between the emergence of the late antique city of Diocletianopolis and the middle of V c. The study is realized by using the references of the Christian temple architecture of the city. The author discusses the information of the emergence of the Christian temples in the late antique city, some problems in the historiography and in addition provides new questions and views. The high concentration of the Christian basilicas in the territory of one city makes it possible to be concluded that there was a highly developed Christian community in Diocletianopolis. In summary, it could be written that one of the earliest basilicas in the late antique city is Basilica No. 4a, as the primary building is dated in the middle of/the second half of IV c. Another basilica, which is a part of this period, is the primary building of Basilica No. 3. Basilicas No. 2, 5 and 8 are dated in the first half of V c. It could be noted that the earliest Christian temple of the interior of the city is Basilica No. 2.

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O współczesnej recepcji najstarszej polskiej pieśni maryjnej - „Bogurodzicy”

Author(s): Izabela Kępka ,Lucyna Warda-Radys / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt to show how young people understand the content of Bogurodzica, which fragments of the hymn cause the most problems for contemporary audiences and how large a group of respondents it applies to. The study was conducted on a group of more than one hundred second-year students of Polish philology at the University of Gdansk, who were asked to translate the Old Polish text accurately into the modern one. An analysis of the Polish language textbooks used by the respondents during their secondary school education was also carried out. It shows that the work Bogurodzica was translated into contemporary language in the textbooks. The analysis of selected fragments of translations of Bogurodzica allows us to conclude that the text is not properly understood by Poles, even those who have recently learned the work at school. The article is critical of the school’s confining themselves to analysis of the contemporary text of the work, which does not allow the artistry of Bogurodzica to be grasped — the rhymes, the rhythm, as well as learning the linguistic layer of the oldest fatherland song.

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La struttura del simbolismo religioso degli Illiri

Author(s): Aleksandar Stipčević / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

Per la conoscenza della vita spirituale degli Illiri, in special modo quelli dell’epoca pre-istorica e protoistorica, un gruppo di oggetti e di rappresentazioni grafiche hanno un valore speciale. Si tratta degli oggetti e delle rappresentazioni grafiche che raffigurano simboli religioso-magici e che come tali testimoniano credenze magiche e religiose le quali, senza tali testimonianze, resterebbero per noi quasi completamente sconosciute. Lo studio dei numerosi pendagli a forma di uccelli acqatici, di cerchi concentrici, della doppia ascia (labrys), di cavalli, galline, pesci ecc., poi dei braccialetti con le rappresentazioni del serpente nelle estremità, delle incisioni dei vari simboli solari nei vasi ceramici oppure nei monumenti calcarei ecc., lo studio dunque della genesi e del significato dei vari simboli che si riscontrano nella parte occidentale della penisola Balcanica nei tempi preistorici e protoistorici, lo studio della loro diffusione geografica e infine lo studio del loro valore simbolico e religioso, offre allo studioso la possibilità, se non di ricostruire in tutti i particolari, ma almeno nelle linee principali, il sistema magico-religioso degli Illiri di quei tempi.

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