Fojnička ahdnama u zrcalu paleografije, pravne povijesti i politike. Kontekstualizacija Ahdname bosanskih franjevaca

Author(s): Srećko M. Džaja / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Ahdnama bosanskih franjevaca je temeljni dokument, kojim je islamskoosmanski zakonodavac legitimirao prisutnost i djelovanje bosanskih franjevaca u Osmanskom carstvu nakon osvojenja Bosanskog Kraljevstva 1463. Povijest toga dokumenta jednako je burna kao i povijest bosanskih franjevaca i njihovih samostana. Kao ni brojni franjevački samostani i crkve, ni Ahdnama u svom izvornom obliku nije preživjela paljevine i ratna razaranja. Naime, original Ahdname je negdje izgorio ili nestao na neki drugi način. Uz nekoliko prijepisa i prijevoda sačuvao se i jedan rekonstruirani oblik toga dokumenta, koji je u političkom i pravnom pogledu fungirao kao original. U prvom dijelu ovoga priloga napravljen je osvrt na političke prilike i pravni okvir u kojima je Ahdnama nastala; drugi dio posvećen je stručnim paleografskim i diplomatičkim analizama s naglaskom na paralelama između Fojničke ahdname i sličnih dokumenata; treći dio bavi se političkim stanjem katoličanstva pod osmanskom vlašću u 16. i 17. st. odnosno Ahdnamom u političkoj praksi. Prilog završava s kratkim zapažanjem o Ahdnami kao metafori za kojom se poseže u suvremenoj BiH, i to tako da se – uz ostalo i na temelju toga dokumenta - na jednoj strani idealizira osmansko razdoblje bh. povijesti, a na drugoj to isto razdoblje demonizira.

A katolikus egyház és a protestáns pátens

Author(s): Jenő Gergely / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Cirkvi na Slovensku roku 1968

Author(s): Jan Pešek / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Vývoj po januári 1968 prijímali cirkvi s nádejou a očakávaním pozitívnych zmien v zameraní štátnej cirkevnej politiky a vo vytvorení väčšieho priestoru na svoje pôsobenie. Pozornosť duchovných a veriacich sa najprv sústreďovala na správy o diskusii vo vnútri komunistickej strany a na otázku, či a ako sa ohlasovaná demokratizácia prejaví vo sfére cirkevnej politiky štátu. Spočiatku, v januári 1968, sa zdalo, že všetko zostáva v dovtedajších koľajach. 17. januára 1968, takmer dva týždne po zvolení Alexandra Dubčeka za 1. tajomníka ÚV KSČ, sa konala spoločná porada sekretariátov pre veci cirkevné Ministerstva kultúry a informácií (MKI) a povereníctva Slovenskej národnej rady pre kultúru a informácie. Prerokúval sa na nej plán činnosti na rok 1968 a nič nenaznačovalo podstatné zmeny cirkevnej politiky; v platnosti zostávala politická línia XIII. zjazdu KSČ z roku 1966 a orientácia na „prekonávanie náboženského myslenia.“ Situácia vo vnútri vládnucej strany a spoločnosti sa však dala do pohybu, nastupovala taká vlna zmien, ktorú zrejme nikto alebo takmer nikto neočakával.

Popular Piety and Magic in Hungary in the 17th Century

Author(s): Ingrid Kušniráková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the 17th century, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into two parts. The Turkish army occupied the larger part, and the Habsburgs controlled only the approximate area of present day Slovakia and the northwestern part of present day Hungary. The frontier between these territories frequently changed. As a result of the religious and political development, five important confessions existed in the country in this period alongside each other and each of them cultivated its own forms and expressions of piety. The wide range of problems going beyond the possibilities of one paper, the absence of specialized studies and the inadequate level of present knowledge do not enable the production of an account of the formation of popular piety in Hungary in its whole breadth and complexity. The paper will trace only those forms of piety and expressions of magic associated with the Roman Catholic Church and exclusively in the territories where the Habsburgs exercised royal jurisdiction in the 17th century.

A kazárok megtérése a zsidó hitre

Author(s): Peter Benjamin Golden / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Znaczenie białego cyprysu w orfickich wyobrażeniach o zaświatach

Author(s): Mariola Sobolewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In all the orphic gold tablets it is emphasized that the location of the fountain is indicated by a white cypress. What is new in the tablets is not so much the cypress, as the adjective by which it is qualified, λευκή, which means „shining” or „white”. Some authors have defended the translation „shining”, but the choice between „white’’ and „shining’’ is in fact a problem of our translations, not of the Greek term, which includes both notions simultaneously. I try to explain this question in my article.

Раннохристиянски мъченици, от които, според житията, изтича "мляко вместо кръв"

Author(s): Eva Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the present study, there are 40 saints, whose lives describe that in their martyrdom death from the wounds of their bodies, and especially when their heads were cut off, milk was flowing instead of blood. Of the presented cases, 20 are women and 20 are men of different age. As described in the vitae, it is established that they lived between the 1-4 century, which coincided with the early Christian period, but there are also three exceptions of the martyrs of the 5th, 7th and 11th centuries. Regarding the localization of the described phenomenon, it was found that the saints originated from different geographic areas – in the East from Palestine and Tyre (present-day Lebanon), in North Africa - on the lands of today's Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, in various regions of Asia Minor, The Balkan Peninsula (particularly on the territory of today's Bulgaria and Greece) and West to Gaul (in particular Italy, France and Belgium). In general, the explanation given in the present study of the miracle of milk is that it is a sign of their holiness and their heavenly change already on the earth.

За култа към св. Филотея Търновска в средновековна България и Влахия

Author(s): Plamen Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Evolution of the cult of St. Phylotea from Tarnavo is examined, whose relics were moved in the end of 14th century to Curtea de Arges, the old capital of Wallachia. It is paradoxical, yet there is a different story about the Saint’s life in the North Danube area, which has nothing in common with the passional written by Patriarch Euthymius of Tarnovo. Folklore tells that that Phylotea was Bulgarian, born in Tarnovo in the beginning of 13th century. The author suggests a hypothesis that the legendary story of this Saint comes from Tarnovo. He poses a question about the cult of St. Phylotea in Medieval Moldavia, which is not examined.

Древнейший христианский храм Восточной Европы эпохи Великого переселения народов

Author(s): Yuri Yu. Shevchenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The Ai-Todor temple of Chilter-Koba cave monastery in the Crimea has an ancient throne adjacent to the inner wall of the apse, which consists of flow systems: a cup-shaped cavity and a drench gutter. This finds analogies in three earliest Byzantine thrones of Jerusalem and among the sites of 2nd — 4th centuries. Since Christianity evolves in Tauris during the Gothic Wars of 264 and 275, one can date these liturgical devices in Chilter-Koba to this time.

Visual Cherubikon

Author(s): Matthew J. Milliner / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Mary’s priesthood is a prominent theme in Byzantine art, and this paper argues that it abounds at the Virgin of the Vetches church (Panagia tou Arakos) at Lagoudera in Cyprus, especially because of extensive depictions of the apocrypha. Through subtle interpretations of the Protevangelium and Dormition narratives, the twelfth-century artist Theodore Apsevdis highlighted priestly aspects of the beginning, middle and end of Mary’s life, aspects unified through a visualization of the Prayer of the Cherubic Hymn (Cherubikon) which is said by priests to commence the Eucharistic portion of the liturgy.

Apocryphal Iconography in the Byzantine Churches of Cappadocia

Author(s): Manuela Studer-Karlen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

By the early eighth century, the Protevangelium of James had achieved full acceptance in the Byzantine liturgical and theological traditions because it was used as an inspiration for liturgical hymns and sermons. The liturgical use of the Protevangelium correlates with the growing interest in the cult of Mary. In Cappadocia, from the ninth to the eleventh centuries, the permanent use of apocryphal sources can be observed, notably for the scenes of the Infancy of Christ as well as episodes featuring the Virgin. This phenomenon is unique to Cappadocia. Taking into account that Cappadocia is unparalleled in the Byzantine world for its wealth of surviving monuments with paintings that survive to this period, this region offers a great local case study for evidence of apocryphal source material.

The Impact of Apocryphal Sources on the Annunciation in Medieval Art

Author(s): Marilyn Gasparini / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Virgin Mary was an essential medieval figure, and depictions of her are ubiquitous in art. Because she is mentioned only briefly in the Bible, apocryphal sources generate many of the details of her life. This paper presents apocryphal and other non-canonical sources as significant contributors to the depiction and interpretation of the Annunciation in medieval art. It focuses on how certain elements and concepts drawn from non-canonical writings converge so that the image of the Annunciation is seen as an interactive image.

Pseudepigrapha and Last Judgment Iconography

Author(s): Daria Coșcodan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Erected in 1453-1456 and situated in Northern Bukovina (today in Ukraine), the Church of Ascension in Luzhany represents the oldest extant witness of medieval Moldavian monumental art. The scenes depicting the “death of the righteous” and the “death of the sinner” from its Last Judgment cycle are analysed here according to their literary sources, which include Old Testament pseudepigrapha and medieval hagiographic literature. Based on the implications from these extra-biblical sources, it is argued that the eschatological focus of these two scenes is reinforced by the sensorial experience associated with the moment of death.

Apocryphal Sources and Their Importance in the Italian Iconography of Saint James the Greater

Author(s): Andrea D’Apruzzo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As one of the most important apostles, St. James the Greater and iconography depicting him has shown exceptional diversity, mostly due to influence from apocryphal sources. A thorough analysis of these sources (from second to fifteenth centuries) and the way they have been translated into visual representations in Italy shows how much apocryphal sources contributed to the genesis and the development the complex characterization of St. James the Greater. This evolution demonstrates the extent into which apocryphal sources contributed to spreading his iconography throughout Europe.

Apostolorum Gloriosissimus Princeps

Author(s): Gerd Mathias Micheluzzi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Owing to the fame of Masaccio’s depiction of the “St. Peter Healing the Sick with his Shadow” in the Florentine Brancacci chapel, its forerunners in San Piero a Grado and Assisi were barely considered for their own sake. Consequently, important implications have been overlooked. By focusing on iconographical details and the respective local contexts, the current study proposes that both the San Piero and the Assisi examples are dependent on apocryphal writings, mediated via the Golden Legend. Furthermore, the results suggest a locally specific double function, a dualism which consists in the fact that each not only to propagates the Petrine primacy, but is also intended to attract pilgrims in San Piero, or to serve as a church- and order political statement in Assisi.

Astrological Amulets in the Sacred Book of Hermes to Asclepius

Author(s): Paolo Vitellozzi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Hermetic treatise known as the Sacred Book of Hermes to Asclepius (Ἱερὰ βίβλος) contains recipes for making magical amulets consecrated to the thirty-six decans of the Egyptian zodiac, thus providing reliable descriptions of these astrological figures. For each amulet, the treatise then recommends a gemstone, a plant, and a food prohibition which are evidently connected with the astrological nature of the decans themselves, according either to the Egyptian tradition or to the Hellenic magical lore. Relying on the most recent studies on decanal iconographies, this chapter aims at providing examples of engraved gems produced following the prescriptions in the Sacred Book; many of these specimens are found in the corpus of the so-called “magical gems”, some Roman imperial amulets which were deeply investigated in the last decades. Moreover, the essay will attempt to understand the astrological theories underlying the creation of the amulets described by the treatise, trying to determine the ideal relationship among the different ingredients to be used. This will eventually lead to further conclusions regarding magical practises in the Graeco-Roman world.

Superstitions in a Sermon of Stanisław of Skarbimierz (ca. 1360-1431)

Author(s): Ewelina Kaczor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Stanisław’s of Skarbimierz’ sermon no. 47 from his collection Sermones sapientiales provides one of the most detailed records of superstitions in a Polish sermon. Moreover, to a large degree, such a record is independent of material contained in earlier sources concerning the same topic. This suggests that the sermon was an instrument for correcting the beliefs and practices of a living congregation into which the preacher had insight and was versed in its folk beliefs and practices. The aim of this chapter is to study the accounts of these superstitions and to examine the preacher’s attitude toward it.

Doświadczanie jogi w Internecie. Analiza danych zastanych na Instagramie

Author(s): Dagmara Tarasiuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article takes a closer look at the social world of haṭha yoga practitioners who post content online on the popular website Instagram. The analysis of the available research material included both photographs and, to a greater extent, descriptions accompanying the photographs. The data posted on the app became the source of the analyzed meanings and definitions of yoga constructed by the online community centered around yoga practice.

Imnografii Întâmpinării – analiză istorică și hermeneutică teologico- liturgică. Studiu de caz: imnografia zilei de 2 februarie

Author(s): Iuliana Timofti / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

From Romanos the Melodist to John of Damascus and Cosmas of Maiuma, the hymnography of the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord will know the peak of its development in the 8th century through the Savaite monastic school. Fruits of the Church's need for both new forms of doxology and confession of the truths of faith, the liturgical poetic pieces of this holiday inspiredly develop its theology, intertwining a hermeneutic and catechetical approach with a latreutic one. The purpose of this study is to emphasize these two dimensions of the hymnographic material related to February 2, starting from a historical analysis to a theological and spiritual one.

Essential Factors that Contributed to the Growth of the Church in the Subapostolic Age

Author(s): Bebe Ciaușu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article explores the factors that led to the explosive growth of the Church in the subapostolic period, despite the vacuum of authority and missionary strategy left by the death of Christ's apostles. Some of these factors, such as the exercise of supernatural gifts, the dedication of itinerant prophets to bring the Gospel to as many people as possible, the synagogue system and the prevalence of Jewish proselytism, Hellenized culture, Roman infrastructure, and the rise of mystery religions are attested to in the literature. However, in this research paper, we suggest that a decisive role in the spread of the Gospel throughout the Roman Empire was played by Christian laymen who believed it was their responsibility to carry the message of salvation to the ends of the earth.