Translatio sedis i uspostava novog konfesionalnog identiteta u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni

Author(s): Dubravko Lovrenović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Namjera je ovog priloga – zapravo uvodne bilješke u jednu širu znanstvenu raspravu – ukazati na vanjske faktore koji su međusobnom uvjetovanošću doveli do dislokacije biskupskog sjedišta iz Bosne u Đakovo a to su: clunyjevska reforma, pravna teorija o univerzalnom papinstvu i patronatsko pravo ugarskih kraljeva. U tom okviru iskrsava problem dekonstrukcije hereze, odnosno traži se odgovor na pitanje: “Kada je hereza istinski hereza?” Ovom pitanju raste cijena ima li se u vidu narativno-pozitivistički mainstream historiografije obilježen razumijevanjem hereze iz perspektive velikih crkava od kojih je, osobito nakon raskola 1054. godine, “pravu vjeru” na temelju vjerske isključivosti svaka rezervirala za sebe. U tako zakovanoj vjersko-ideološkoj matrici “pravovjeran” se moglo biti samo vlastitim uklapanjem u jedan od postojećih blokova, svaka alternativa (opozicija) vodila je u herezu. Smještanje šizmatičke Crkve bosanskih krstjana u povijesni ovir zapadnoeuropskih heterodoksnih pokreta poput valdenza, katara i lolarda, kasnije i husita, nastalih u specifičnim vjerskim, socijalnim i političkim okolnostima srednjeg vijeka, otkriva sve njezine specifičnosti odnosno njezinu nesvodivost na te kriterije. Već sama ta činjenica, o drugim da se i ne govori, fokusira istraživačku pozornost na jedan od prijelomnih događaja crkveno-političke povijesti srednjovjekovne Bosne: na izmještanje njezinog biskupskog sjedišta na teritorij druge države (Ugarske), i lanac posljedica proistekao iz ovog historijskog čina. Je li pojava Crkve bosanske prethodila odlasku biskupa iz Bosne, je li ga ona prouzročila, ili je pak njezin nastanak posljedica tog događaja, jedno je od nezaobilaznih još uvijek otvorenih pitanja koja u stopu prate ovu raspravu.

Elements of Magical – Medicinal Practice. The Position of the Witch and Wizard in Slovakia

Author(s): Katarína Nádaská,Martina Sekulová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Magic is an independent phenomenon accompanying humanity in its development from the earliest times to the present, and it still has its special place in our present-day consumer society. In the earliest stages of human development, it was part of religious ceremonies, rituals and ideas, but also of the early foundations of science and knowledge of the surrounding world. However, we must sceptically state that the origin of magic is unclear. Various researchers associate magic with the oldest religious systems, in which faith in the existence of ambivalent forces changing various objects comes to the fore. Expert literature uses the Melanesian term mana for the higher transforming force. According to Vladimír Scheufler, magic is faith in an ambivalent power, which initiated individuals, that is magicians, can control with certain specific actions or words, either for good in the case of white magic or evil in the case of black magic. The actual basis of magic is faith in the possibility to influence the course of the world, but also people, animals and the spiritual world using supernatural forces. We can state that we find magic in essence to a larger or smaller extent in all the higher religious systems. For example, from the point of view of general religious studies, the celebration of Holy Mass and the Christian sacraments as well as prayer are magic acts. Magic often overlaps with psychotronic acts and there it is relatively frequent to change one into the other.

Thurzovci a počiatky reformácie

Author(s): Zoltán Csepregi / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Pri vzostupe thurzovského rodu patria prvé desaťročia 16. storočia ku kľúčovému obdobiu. Z generácie príslušníkov rodu tohto obdobia pochádzajú hneď traja humanistickí biskupi: Ján Thurzo, vratislavský (Wrocław), Stanislav Thurzo, olomoucký a Žigmund Thurzo, veľkovaradínsky (Oradea) biskup. Toto obdobie rodu tvorí významné ohnivko v reťazci medzi meštiansko-podnikateľským životným štýlom, charakteristickým pre 15. storočie a veľkostatkársko-aristokratickým spôsobom života, ktorý začal súčasne s kariérou Alexeja Thurzu. Je zrejmé, že thurzovskí chlapci nedostali svoje prelátske stolce len vďaka svojim osobným kvalitám, ale predovšetkým hospodárskym úspechom svojich rodičov a ich politickému vplyvu, predsa však zostáva faktom, že vo svojich vysokých pozíciách obstáli veľmi dobre, najmä Stanislav, ktorý sa dožil vysokého veku a svoje biskupstvo riadil zvlášť dlhú dobu. Títo traja biskupi mohli byť ozdobou svojho rodu už len svojím životom, veď boli základnými piliermi nielen uhorsko-českej monarchie Jagelovcov, ale ako preláti olomouckej a vratislavskej cirkevnej provincie – z dôvodu spochybnenia verejnoprávneho statusu Českej Koruny – boli pokladaní za kniežatá aj v Nemecko-rímskej ríši a za pánov svojich provincií, aj keď nedostali priame hlasovacie práva na ríšskych snemoch. Je zrejmé, že ich činnosť stabilizovala pozície rodu a zvyšovala jeho prestíž, a samozrejme, nezištne urovnávala osobné kariéry ich bratov či synovcov.

Uralkodás és emlékezet

Author(s): András Gerő / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Charles IV. as a ruler of Austro-Hungarian Empire and as a king of Hungary could not fullfill expectations concerning his reign. He could not bring the peace and he was not able to make the real and necessary poli-tical and social reforms. He tried, but he was not succesfull. His memory however is alive because the Catholic Church beatified him. His memory absolutly connected with it. In the eyes of Catholic Church he is a good man. Otherwise his memory practically does not exist.

Makedonsko crkveno pitanje 1945-1946. godine (između autonomije i autokefalnosti)

Author(s): Borče Ilievski / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

We may search the genesis of the issue concerning the status of the Orthodox Church in Macedonia in the fight of the Balkan countries and churches for their dominance in Macedonia that was under Ottoman power, in the second half of the XIX and beginning of XX century. In fact, Macedonian Ecclesiastical Issue presents an integral part of the Macedonian national issues. Three factors were of main importance for solving this issue, in the first years after the foundation of Socialistic Yugoslavia, but also during the following two decades. Republic and federal authorities, Serbian Orthodox Church and Macedonian church authorities, organized within the Initiative Board for organizing the Orthodox Church in Macedonia. Priesthood’s demands were reflected in the resolutions that were adopted during the Assembly that was held in May 1945 and during the Conference held in May 1946. In a short period of time, main premises of the resolutions, being influenced by the actual political circumstances evolve from demands for autocephaly to autonomous rights for the Macedonian eparchies. The demands, set in this manner shall have influence on determining the status of the Macedonian Orthodox Church in years 1958 and 1967.

Васељенска патријаршија, Српска православна црква и црквене реформе између два светска рата

Author(s): Radmila Radić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The demands for reforms in many matters occurred in the Orthodox Churches after the First World War. One of the most important of them was the matter of the calendar. Representatives of the Ecumenical Patriarchy were leading proponents of the reformist tendencies within Orthodoxy. This was a direct consequence of the political changes in Turkey in 1920s. They convened an all-Orthodox congress in Constantinople in 1923, which was attended also by the representatives of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Neither all Orthodox Churches nor the majority of their representatives were represented at the congress, so its legitimacy soon became disputed. The decisions which were reached were not put to practice by most Orthodox Churches, and even where they were, it was not done in the same way, which led to serious splits within the Orthodox world. Although it had its representatives at the congress, the Serbian Orthodox Church did not apply its decisions (the calendar, the second marriage of priests etc.). Diverging opinions about the congress’s decisions caused serious polemics among theologians and priests in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Attempts at solving the questions which divided the orthodox world at the ecumenical congress yielded no results until the Second World War, and they remained open even later.

Josip Broz Tito i patrijarsi Srpske pravoslavne crkve (Gavrilo, Vikentije i German)

Author(s): Radmila Radić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Over 35 years spent as head of the Yugoslav state, Josip Broz Tito was in contact with three patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Gavrilo (Dožić), Vikentije (Prodanov) and German (Doric). Josip Broz Tito was not directly addressing issues related to the Serbian Orthodox Church since they were in charge of the federal and republican commission for religious relations and management of national security/state security service. Never the less, no important decisions regarding the general policy towards religious communities could not be made without agreement among the top of the Party and the State and without the knowledge of Josip Broz Tito. Contacts of Josip Broz Tito with the patriarchs were mostly of protocol nature, except in cases of special interest for the relations of church and state (e. g. the question of the return of the Patriarch Gavrilo, questions about the international activities of the Serbian Orthodox Church, addressing issues of the Macedonian Orthodox Church, etc.). Relations between the state and the Serbian Orthodox Church after 1945, and accordingly relations of Josip Broz Tito's towards Church and some personalities who were at the head of the church during certain periods, should be primarily viewed in the context of the particular interests of church and state, broad relations and developments in Yugoslavia and on the international scene. State authorities carefully controlled activities of the Patriarch and the Bishops of the SOC, but the pressure varied in accordance with current needs and circumstances. It is characteristic that the same person at the head of the SPC was evaluated differently by the authorities, depending on his readiness for cooperation. Both Patriarch Gavrilo and Patriarch German were seen at one point as patriots and in other as traitors and collaborators with occupiers. Also, the behavior of single patriarch should be considered and evaluated within the limits of the possible and achievable in a given time, i. e. at various stages through which the relations of church and state passed.

John the Baptist’s Water: Extinction of a Millennial Culture

Author(s): Saad Salloum / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At the end of filming a documentary, I sat with the Reesh Umma Sattar Jabbar Al Hilou, head of the Mandaean sect, in his religious headquarter in Qadisiya locality on the banks of the Tigris River in Baghdad. The man stood like an old angel descending from the sky with his white beard and his clothes, made up of pure white cloth, which the Mandaeans call Al Resta. He was awaiting the baptism of two new clerics.

Bahaism and the Bahai Community in Iraq: A Fateful Past and Fragile Present

Author(s): Maria Six-Hohenbalken / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Bahai community is one of the smallest religious communities in Iraq. As a transnational religion, Bahaism has its roots in Iran and neighbouring countries in the Middle East but today has seven million followers around the world with approximately 60 per cent living in Asia, 20 per cent in Africa, and 18 per cent in the Americas.

Migrant Religions in Iraq: Hindus and Buddhists

Author(s): Ghazwan Yousif Baho / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Religions are the primary source of human thought that explore ways to achieve integrity for human society. They are dominated by principles of peaceful coexistence amongst all people, regardless of sect, religion or nationality. They enable humans to live peacefully with God and with others. This cannot be achieved except through love, which cannot be achieved without knowing people, which, again, cannot be achieved without dialogue.

Göçün Halk İnanışları Üzerine Etkileri: Anadolu Örneği

Author(s): Özden Kanter Akbaş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Anadolu gerek jeopolitik konumu itibarıyla gerekse topraklarının verimli olması sebebiyle her dönemde önemini korumuş topraklardır. Tarih boyunca birçok kültürün içinde yer bulduğu bu topraklar çeşitli dinî inanışlar için de önemli olmuş ve günümüzde de önemini korumaya devam edegelmiştir. Doğu kökenli din mensuplarının batıya yönelişleri esnasında bu dinî inanışların Anadolu’da yaşayan topluluklar arasında taraftar buldukları bilindiği gibi batı kaynaklı pagan inanışları için de bu toprakların kabul görülen bir yer olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Çeşitli nedenlerle yapılan göçler ve Anadolu’ya yerleşimler neticesinde topluluklar arasında dinî ve kültürel etkileşimler kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Örneğin, kaynaklarda MÖ.3000 yıllarında yaşamış olan Sümerler ile ilgili arkeolojik ve yazınsal kaynaklarda onların, doğuda Hindis-tan’dan, kuzeyde Anadolu, Kafkaslar ve Orta Asya’nın batı bölgelerinden Akdeniz ve Mısır, Etiyopya’ya kadar uzanan topraklarla ticari ve kültürel ilişkileri olduğu bilinmektedir (Kramer, 2016: 374). Süreç içerisinde gerek toplumların dinî inanışlarının değişimi ve gerekse kendi inançlarını yaşarken insanların birbirleriyle olan iletişim ve etkileşimleri sebebiyle bir dinî inancın diğer dinî inançlara sahip olan insanlar üzerinde etkisi olmaktadır. Bu etkiler bazen direkt olabildiği gibi bazen de mevcut dinî inanç içinde form değişti-rerek varlığını devam ettirmektedir. Anadolu inançlarının pagan topluluklar döneminden bugüne kadarki inançsal tarihî seyri incelendiğinde Sümerler gibi her alanda gelişmiş bir topluluğun Anadolu’da yaşayan toplumlar üzerinde de etkili olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu bağlamda küreselleşme kavramının günümüz için değil eski dönemlerden itibaren varlığını sürdürdüğünü söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Bir topluluğun göç etmesi, mevcut kültürünü de göç ettiği topraklara taşıması anlamına gelmektedir. Bir topluluğun kültürünün başka bir bölgeye taşınması, farklı kültürel özelliklerin bir araya toplanması ile kültürel melezlik meydana getirmektedir. Bu durum, toplumların hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkilenmelerine sebep olmaktadır. Aynı topraklarda yaşayan toplulukların benzer dinî inanç ve uygulamaları, bu toplulukları kültürel bağdaşıklık şeklinde genişleterek yeniden konumlandırmaktadır (Plüss, 2012: 296). Bir dinin mensupları, göç ile sadece karşılaştıkları yeni kültürün unsurlarını sahip oldukları kültürlerine katmamakta, mevcut kültürlerini korumak için de kendi inançlarının ilke ve ritüellerini yeniden düzenleyerek ve anlamlandırarak geleneklerini dolaylı şekilde dönüştürmektedirler. Bu değişim, hem aslolan kültürün korunmasını ve devamını sağlamakta hem de yeni kültürle uyumlu yaşamayı sağlamaktadır. Buna karşın yeni bir kültür içerisinde mevcut kültürün değişmeden, dinî metin, uygulama ve liderlerin kesin yanılmazlığı ilkesi ile kalması, mevcut kültürün değişmeden korunmasına sebep olmaktadır. Fakat beraberinde aynı topraklar üzerinde yaşayan farklı kültürdeki insanlar arasında ayrışmalara da sebep olmaktadır. Bu durumda göç eden topluluk, kendi kültürünü değiştirmeden korumakta fakat etkileşime geçtiği yeni kültür içerisinde azınlık durumundan kurtulamamaktadır. Göçmen topluluklar, bu sıkışıklık içerisinde çözümler üretmek yoluna giderek içinde bulundukları yeni kültürün iletişim, eğitim, sosyal ilişkiler gibi alanlarına adapte olmakta inanç, dinî ritüel gibi temel kültürel özellikler ko-nusunda ise daha muhafazakar bir yöntem izlemektedirler. Bu yaklaşım tarzı, hayatın her alanındaki imkanları kullanma noktasında kolaylıklar sağlamıştır ki Türklerin kabul ettikleri her dinî inançta bu yöntemi göz önünde bulundurdukları ifade edilebilir.

Virtutea curajului în filosofia antică și la Părinții filocalici

Author(s): Bogdan-Vlăduț Brînză / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to present in short the vision over the virtue of courage in the Classical Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle in comparison with some Philokalic Fathers as Peter of Damascus, Elder Barsanuphius, Nikitas Stithatos and others, in order to prove the superiority of the Christianity, showing that the courage is more a quality of the soul, is at the base of all virtues and it leads to salvation, the goal of the Christian life.

Sfântul Paisie Velicikovski revigorator al monahismului și părinte al rugăciunii lui Iisus

Author(s): Ioan Micu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Saint Paisius Velichkovsky, one of the most accomplished figures of the Romanian spiritual ife in the 18th century, was among the most prominent teachers of large monastic communities and of the Jesus Prayer. His spiritual teachings have left an indelible mark on the spiritual revival of monastic life in Romania at the time. Astute organiser of monasteries, founder of monastic settlements and rules, Saint Paisius worked relentlessly to enrich the soul with Virtues as he found the right balance between prayer, reading and everyday administrative work. A man of unbelievable insight, highly experienced in spiritual matters, and a very gifted teacher, his life in Christ, the fulfilment of commandments and monastic duties attracted hundreds of disciples who received his guidance on the royal path to salvation. Saint Paisius also painstakingly collected and translating the writings of the Holy Fathers, an endeavour started on Mount Athos but completed by the translation schools that he founded in the monasteries of Dragomirna, Secu and Neamț, in particular. On the basis of these translations Philokalia that was later published in Romania, of the one printed in1793 at Moscow, Dobrotoliube, but also helped revive the monastic life in Romania, Russia and Ukraine based on the communal living rules that Saint Paisius established and his disciples, settled in other places and monasteries across these countries pursued. In this study, the author aims to highlight the new elements brought by Saint Paisius in the chinovial life and how they contributed to the spiritual revival of monasticism.

Aspecte din activitatea pastorală a mitropolitului Gurie Grosu al Basarabiei (1928-1936)

Author(s): Lucian Corduneanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This study covers the period of years 1928-1936, of the activity of Metropolitan Gurie of Bessarabia, under several aspects: pastoral, missionary, cultural, ecclesiastical, social and even political. Analysing the writings, speeches, sermons, documents signed by the great Bessarabian bishop within the church administration, we will see Gurie Grosu as a person deeply rooted in the realities of time, aware about the difficulties faced by his own believers, trying during his pastorate to respond and help them spiritually and materially in order to overcame the difficulties. As a pastor of souls, Bishop Gurie constantly emphasized in the holy services and speeches, the importance of living the authentic Christian life, keeping in touch with God and helping others. The church, in the opinion of the great metropolitan, provides support and blessing, confidence and strength in facing evil, despair and helplessness. By concrete social actions, Metropolitan Gurie permanently raised collections that he donated to needy people, important amounts of money to charities (it is known in detail the care he had for the Society of Disabled, Orphans and War Widows - I.O.V ) and many other deeds by which the Saviour’s command to do alms was materialized. During his pastorate, Bishop Gurie issued several circulars condemning societal vices (theft, alcoholism, deception), in which he demonstrated the harm these sins cause to Christians and society and the need to constantly fight against them. His pastoral activity included, also, visits to hospitals, orphanages, asylums, participation to conferences, meetings and discussions of several professional categories: physicians, psychologists, culture people etc. In the year 1928, the professional Congress of physicians held at Chisinau proposed as honorific president metropolitan Gurie, together with other personalities. But the metropolitan Gurie’s activity involved another important area, the cultural one. In his vision, raising the cultural level of the Bessarabian people involved a direct commitment on behalf of Bessarabian clergy and his own, personally. In this mean, he granted scholarships and amounts of money for the students and pupils with reduced material possibilities, he donated other important amounts for purchasing books to some educational institutions (especially those attached to churches) and for a better training of the clergy, he founded the Faculty of Theology from Chisinau in the year 1926, his merit in the establishment of this higher education institution, being indisputable.

Primul Arhieraticon românesc tipărit cu binecuvântarea Sfântului Sinod (1890)

Author(s): Iulian-Ciprian Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Within the complex process of appearance, development and crystallization of the service book called Arhieraticon in Romanian, the role and importance of the 1890 edition is a fundamental one. In a period characterized by a great variety and diversity of liturgical practices determined by the influences coming, on the one hand from the Greeks, in Wallachia, and on the other hand from the Slavs, in Moldova, this edition is the expression of the unity and uniformity of service. At the same time, the lack of liturgical uniformity until1890 was also due to the subjective and discretionary character of the manuscripts of the Romanian Arhieraticon - the main form of existence of this service book in Romanian until then. First of all, the present study exposes the historical, religious and liturgical context of the 1890 edition of the Arhieraticon, dominated by events such as the Union of Romanian Principalities in 1859, the consecration of the Holy and Great Myrrh in 1882, and the autocephaly of the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1885. The process of writing and publishing the Arhieraticon of 1890 can be analysed in detail, thanks to the access to the Minutes of the Holy Synod, the spring session of 1890. These documents describe in great detail the discussions occasioned by the turmoil related to the conciliation of the two spheres of influence - Greek and Russian. The presentation of three models of the service for the bishop's ordination shows that the process of liturgical uniformity was at the beginning of the road. Also, the presence of a Typikon for the service of the hierarch at the end of the Arhieraticon, which contains the details related to the attire, attitude, place, and liturgical movements when concelebrating, shows the concern of the Holy Synod for achieving liturgical uniformity. Located at the intersection of two Orthodox worlds - Greek and Russian, the 1890edition of the Arhieraticon represents the expression of temperance, balance and moderation in the rigor of typiconal details. Subsequent editions continued and completed the process of crystallization and standardization of the liturgical practices of the bishop. This process is a living and dynamic one, the last printed edition of the Romanian Arhieraticon - Bucharest,2012, added new services of ordination and blessing: of the cantor (psaltes), of the church painter, of the acolyte (altar boy) etc.

DOMÁCÍ BOŽSTVA

Author(s): Zuzana Russeová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Posvátno hrálo roli v tradiční čínské kultuře už od nepaměti. Souznění čínského myšlení a značné dávky pragmatismu vede Číňany k využití veškerých cest a prostředků vedoucích k vytouženému cíli – tedy k harmonickému a spokojenému životu rodiny, potažmo i jednotlivce. K dosažení tohoto cíle je mimo jiné zapotřebí přispění božstev na nebesích i v záhrobí, duší předků i vnitřní substance předmětů, které má každý Číňan denně kolem sebe. Tradiční čínský světonázor je kombinací nejstarších kosmologických představ, kultu předků, konfuciánství, taoismu, buddhismu i materialismu. Toto vše se po staletí vzájemně mísilo a doplňovalo o další složky, čímž vznikla synkretická víra, označovaná jako „čínské lidové náboženství“

Праздник Введения во храм Пресвятой Богородицы в словах Феофилакта Болгарского и патриарха Евфимия Тырновского

Author(s): Iskra Hristova-Shomova / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Konstantin Bağışı Sahtekârlığı ve Lorenzo Valla’nın İfşasına Dair

Author(s): Sayime Durmaz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Donation of Constantine is the most famous and the most important forgery of the Middle Ages. The controversial text of the Donation was used by the papacy for over thousand of years to strengthen its position and power. According to the Vatican, before he died, Constantine made his will that the Roman Church was above all Eastern churches and authorized it with a document. It claims that Donation of Constantine to have been written in the VIIIth century. In January 754 Pope Stephen II went to Paris to seek assistance from King Pepin III to stop the attacks of Lombards. As a result of the agreement reached, in 756 Pepin gave a document providing a legal basis for the establishment of the Papal States, which extended the Pope's temporal sovereignty beyond the Duchy of Rome. This is the first time that the famous forgery came into existence in Rome. Constantine stated in this will that he was supposed to have resigned his crown and the empire into the hands of Pope Sylvester as compensation for having been cured of leprosy by the Pope. In other words, Constantine donated all his political power in the West to the popes. Thanks to the forged will, the papal authority gained a position above all states to be established on Western Roman territory. The Donation became a powerful weapon in the hand of medieval papacy and the basis of papal ideology.The Donation of Constantine was first questioned in the XIth century. Finally, Lorenzo Valla carried out a textual criticism and linguistic analysis of the document and prepared a report that proved indisputably that it was a forgery. This report was to be presented to the ecclesiastical council that held in Florence in 1440. However, Valla's scientific report was hidden from the council and published long after his death.The main purpose of the study is to investigate the Donation of Constantin as a historical document and make some discussion on it.

Към предхристиянския култ към император Константин I Велики в Константинопол

Author(s): Vanya Lozanova-Stancheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the report is to present an analysis of the information from the early Byzantine authors on the cult of Emperor Constantine I the Great, which precedes the chronologically and typologically Christian cult of St. Constantine and Helena, but not without connection with it. Historical sources can be grouped into at least two groups organized around the events related to the consecration of Constantinople in May 330, in which two remarkable ritual and cult centers stand out: 1) The Constantine Forum: the consecration of the solar statue of Emperor Constantine at the newly constructed Constantine Forum on the famous porphyry column brought from Egyptian Thebes, the day before or on the first day of the 40-day celebrations, accompanied by numerous additional ceremonies and rituals; 2) Hippodrome: The ceremony of the Hippodrome on the first day of the 40-day celebrations in which the gilded xoanon of Constantine, holding a small sculpture of Tyche on the city in his right hand, was carried in the “Helios Chariot”. In the worship of the Emperor Constantine I the Great two important religious ideas were intertwined as central: – Preserving and resurrecting the solar cult context in the architectural and artistic design of the new political centers of the Constantine’s city, inherited from the ancient Byzantion; – Reviving and incorporating the ancient mythological tradition of the founding Byzantion in the new context and traditions of Constantinople.

Навлизане на християнството във Филипопол

Author(s): Violina Traycheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present text discusses the penetration of Christianity in Philippopolis. For the purpose of the study the author presents and analyzes the historical events, the epigraphic sources and the archaeological evidences of the temple architecture within the city. The chronological boundary of the paper is until the middle of V century. The author summarizes the information of the topic, discusses some problems, asks new questions and submit new visions. The discussion is very important, because Philippopolis is one of the biggest cities in the Roman province of Thracia and also it is its capital. The ancient city is definitely rich in a variety of Christian buildings. Some of the temples differ from one another, but they have similarities in the architectural and mosaic decoration. It is important to be noted, that we can suggest, that there was a continuity in the cases of two of the temples with earlier non-Christian cultic structures (the temples in Komatevo and Djendem tepe).