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4.50 €

За мултикултурните аспекти във възприятията на Хермес-Меркурий - между "Ψυχοπόμπος" и "добрия пастир"

Author(s): Bozhidar Draganov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article is an attempt to discuss the "conventional" image of Hermes-Mercury in a rather unconventional way. The author has sought the substratum of perceptions that condition the "long" life of a deity in the complex of Indo-European religious beliefs. The aspects relating Hermes-Mercury to the essence of the notion of Ψυχοπόμπος have been pointed out, to which end the author has analysed mythological information, as well as the semantics of part of Hermes' sacred animals. With the help of glyptic and miniature bronze figurine monuments, he has sought the connection with Egyptian, eastern and Asia Minor deities predisposing the "synthesis" to uniform religious perceptions in the period of transition from polytheism to monotheism. In spite of the danger of extreme interpretation, there is also an analysis of some parallels with Mithra, the 'Good Shepherd' and St. Nicholas, which mark the complex semantics and multiple layers of the seemingly 'gradual' and 'natural' process of consolidation that accompanied the age of consolidation of the Christian idea.

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Раннохристиянски храмове в Карловския район през V-VI в.

Author(s): Mariya Deyanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Several early Christian basilicas have been discovered in the region of Karlovo up to now: down the route to the Roman road Oescus-Philipopol at the Roman station Soubradice and the ancient settlement nearby the village of Hristo Danovo, on the lands of the ancient settlement nearby the village of Hristo Danovo, on the lands of the village of Voynyagovo, in the monastery complex of the Medieval stronghold Kopsis nearby the village Anevo. Another Christian church is located down the route of the Balkan Roman road from Serdica to the Black Sea on the lands of the village Iganovo nearby the late ancient settlement. On the lands of the village of Vasil Levski in a late ancient settlement an early Christian basilica - the only one in the region with baptistery and synthronon - has been studied. Religious building found had played a great role for Christianization of the local population, whereas it is suggested to be the Yoanica episcopate during VII-IX century

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Епископски центрове по Северното българско Черноморие

Author(s): Danail Petrov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast was colonized by the ancient Greeks who created the colonies Odessos (Varna), Dionisopolis (Balchik), Bison (Kavarna) was Tirizis-Acre (Kaliakra). Following the imposition of Roman power in these lands here were disseminated the official Roman cults, and later - Christianity. In Late Antiquity (IV-VI c.) Christianity became the official religion and with agreements of the central government were created Episcopal centers. Despite the lack of written sources it could be assumed that these cities were becoming Episcopal centers in the province Secon Mizia.

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Две средновековни църкви в землището на с. Драгойново, община Първомай

Author(s): Stoyan Popov,Ivan Djambov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present preliminary report concerns two churches (Nos 1 and 2) dating from the Middle Ages and located in the Hissarya locality by Dragoinovo village in the region of Purvomai. They are single-naved, single-apse churches with narthexes and entrances from the west. Church № 1 is part of a larger complex including another two Christian churches dated from the second half of the 10-th or the 11-th century, while church № 2 is dated from the 12-th - 13-th century.

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Германия на границата между двете епохи (края на XV и началото на XVI век)

Author(s): Simeon Katsarov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the begining of the 16-th century, the German states were experiencing one of the unruly and problematic periods of their history. That was the time when these parts of Europe passed through a considerable social and political transformation. It was also then that the situation of the lower social strata deteriorated, which led to varied in type and scope discontent among the population naturally demanding most generally political and social reconstruction, as well as having a negative attitude attitude to the clergy. The negative attitude to the church quite naturally developed into a general desire for reform. German humanism itself "sank" more and more into the problem field of religious, theological and church issues. These were all nuances of the then existing German reality which will help us understand the later inception of the reform movement.

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Симеоновият "Златоструй" - пътят към истината

Author(s): Dimitar Kenanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study summarises the author's way of finding the initial contents of the famous translated anthology of homilies by and excerpts from John Chrysostom. It was compiled by educated Bulgarian ruler, Tsar Simeon the Great (893-927) and was translated in the 9th century, after 893. The exceedingly apt title of 'Zlatostruj' (literary 'Golden Stream') is a symbolic expression of the blessed word of Chrysostom and the book surely has the objective to transform the unenlightened Bulgarian people by means of persuasion, not by force, as it was until 893. The initial translation features 45 homilies. This thesis is confirmed by two Vilnius copies of the 'Zlatostruj' from the Monastery of the Annunciation in Suprasl, currently located at the library of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius, Lithuania.

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Кратка княжеска хроника на Тудор Доксов

Author(s): Hristo Trendafilov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the Afterword of 907 added by Preslav monk Tudor Doks to the Four Orations against the Arians of St. Athanasius of Alexandria translated by Bishop Constantine and copied by him. The orations were translated and copied by order of Prince Simeon, who was probably a relative of the monastic writer. Tudor's Afterword, rich in cultural and historical evidence, is analysed in the discourse of the short Byzantine chronicles and Old Bulgarian epigraphic sources, the Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans and the afterwords to the 10th century works from Preslav. It is concluded that Tudor's Afterword is a sort of chronicle of the creative works of the family of the princes Boris-Michael and Simeon which ruled Bulgaria. It is assume that the Afterword is written in the so-called family monastery of the rulers from Preslav, located in the direct proximity to the Round (Golden) Church.

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Regulation of Religious Behavior of Rural Residents

Author(s): Roman Doušek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The religious rituals of rural residents were a realm that other social classes tried to influence, often successfully. The attempts to influence these rituals were a result of differing religious affiliations and the historical transformations of particular churches. The forms of Holy Mass and the behaviors on certain feast days depended on the religious affiliation. Rural residents were not free to choose their religion; in fact, they often were forced to change their religion during periods of reformation and recatholicization. In addition, individual churches underwent complex developments during that period.

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Responsible Midwifery or Reckless Disbelief?

Author(s): Mark Mattison / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The most disquieting pericope in The Protevangelium Jacobi is Salome’s violation of Mary to confirm her virginity. This essay considers whether Salome could have originally been depicted as a well-meaning midwife performing a postpartum physical examination. There are obstacles to this reading. Most challenging is Salome’s declaration to a midwife in 19:3: “unless I insert my finger and examine her condition, I won’t believe that a virgin has given birth.” An early editor could have subverted this narrative by incorporating this allusion to John 20:25, transforming Salome from a responsible midwife into a convenient literary foil to a virgin birth.

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Introduction to Mary as High Priest in Early Christian Narratives and Iconography

Author(s): Ally Kateusz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Recent studies have demonstrated that from Late Antiquity up through the early modern era, some artists portrayed Jesus’s mother Mary as a priest, including depicting her with insignia such as the Eucharistic handkerchief and the episcopal pallium. In fact, surviving art indicates that Mary was portrayed with liturgical insignia as early, or earlier, than any male leader. Contextualizing why artists portrayed Mary in this fashion, even earlier some gospel writers had paralleled Mary and Abraham as the cultic founders of their religion, and other authors represented Mary as the high priest or bishop of bishops. Censorship, both ancient and modern, appears to explain why Mary is rarely remembered this way today.

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Soudní proces nikolaje nikolajeviče ryžkova a jeho odraz v dobovém tisku

Author(s): Isabela Vaverková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The text focuses on Russian Orthodox priest Nikolay Nikolayevich Ryzhkov, who was appointed to work in Czech Orthodox churches at the beginning of the 20th century. During that period, many people in the Czech lands converted to Orthodoxy and Ryzhkov was one of the leading organizers of Orthodox life. His activities were cruelly punished when he was accused of plotting against Austria, and he was found guilty of Panslavic propaganda amongst Czechs by a court in Vienna. He was also accused of organizing and inciting steps leading to intervening with the unity and security of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The aim of the test is to introduce the circumstances of the trial and to analyse the press of the period and its reaction to the arrest and the process. The article is based on the following journals: Čas (Time), Čech (Czech), Moravská orlice (Moravian Eagle), Národní listy (National Papers) and Venkov (Countryside) issued between 1914 and 1930 and Josef Holeček’s article Ještě jeden válečný mučedník (One More War Martyr).

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Trnava ako historické centrum náboženského života

Author(s): Ivan A. Petranský / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Trnava has a specific significance in the religious history of Slovakia, and in some historical periods this importance extends beyond the boundaries of Slovakia and, at the same time, it acquires a dimension that extends to other than religious and confessional aspects of society. The paper deals with the key problems of Trnava’s position in religious life, focusing largely on the importance of the town in the history of the Catholic Church from the Middle Ages up to the 20th century. In addition, it focuses on the history of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession and the Jewish religion as the confession which also shaped the history of the town. The issue is explored from the point of view of the possibilities of using the results for the preparation of excursion education, paying attention to specific places in Trnava which could be used for excursions.

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Saint Syméon le nouveau théologien et Saint Grégoire Palamas, les Pères fondateurs de l’hésychasme

Author(s): Fadi Giorgi Porphyrios / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Two saints, Symeon the New Theologian and Gregory Palamas, played a crucial role in reviving Patristic theology during the period preceding the Great Captivity of Constantinople. Both monastic writers are known as the theologians of the Uncreated Light and they remain among the most prominent spokesmen for Orthodox theology until our times. Even though three hundred years separate them, one finds in the writings of Saint Gregory an organic continuity of Saint Symeon’s teaching. This text explores Palamas’ reception of the New Theologian’s theology and the continuity between the teachings of these two leading figures of Christian spirituality which results in shaping the self-consciousness of Hesychasm.

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Babai cel Mare și sistematizarea doctrinei hristologice în Biserica Siro-Orientală (sec. VI-VII)

Author(s): Justinian Mîndrilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The Church of the East, or the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East, as it is officially called, was known for a long time in the Church History books of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity as well as of all Western Churches as the „Nestorian” Church. The reason that stays behind this label – and thus behind the schism between the Church of the East and the Church within the Roman Empire was represented by the different views regarding the Christological doctrine. Since this remains until today the bone of contention between these churches it is needed to have a precise knowledge of the East-Syriac Christology. As the systematizer of this teaching in the Church of the East, the study of Babai the Great’s theology is a suitable starting point for this purpose. Until present times, the interest for his writings and teachings in the Romanian theology was quite low, if at all. Therefore, the present study aims to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the Christology promoted by Babai the Great and the Church of the East, by providing the context of its formulation, and explaining and evaluating his main theological concepts based on Babai’s writings, considering the latest research on this topic.

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Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă în spațiul baltic între anii 1836-1848

Author(s): Andrei Gaju / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the first half of the 18th century Russia enlarged its borders and became an empire stretching from the steppes of Central Asia to the Baltic Sea. As a result, along with the territories and different ethnic groups, the religious traditions of these countries are incorporated into the Russian Empire. By extending its borders to the North-West, the Russian Empire is subjugating several peoples who traditionally profess Protestantism. Like any empire, Russia tries to merge the annexed peoples and territories by building a single state with a single political centre. Thus, in the mid-19th century, the political issue was not only the Russification of these peoples, but also their conversion to the majority confession of the empire - Orthodoxy. Therefore, this paper aims to give a brief historical account of the events of 1836-1848, when a massive process of accession to the Russian Orthodox Church of the Protestant population of the Baltic region took place.

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Dezvoltarea curentului isihast prin lucrarea misionară pan-ortodoxă din secolul al XVIII-lea. Sfântului Nicodim Aghioritul, continuator al lucrării misionare inițiate de Sfântul Paisie Velicicovschi

Author(s): Vasile-Lucian Goldan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nicholas, the future monk Nicodemus, arrives in the Holy Mount Athos at the moment of the public conviction of “alms”. A situation not exactly favorable for prayer and meditation, given the fact that at that time more and more monks were leaving Athos due to the dispute of the "alms". Despite all these shortcomings, Saint Nicodemus is the one who, together with Saint Metropolitan Macarius of Corinth, manages to start a cultural-religious project, focused on the rediscovery of Orthodox church spirituality, on the spiritual and national rebirth of the Greeks. His work was recognized and appreciated during his life, in Athos, in the pan-Orthodox and in the Western space, but he was also valued by the entire Greek people after the 1921 revolution, being the basis of national and spiritual emancipation of the Greeks.

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KULT PŘEDKŮ

Author(s): Aneta Dosedlová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Kult předků je druh víry, který je založen na uctívání zemřelých předků. Je nevyhnutelně spojen se společenstvími, které věří v posmrtný život. Tito lidé se domnívají, že jejich zemřelí předkové mohou mít vliv na jejich životy, a tak je pozitivně či negativně ovlivňovat. V rámci rodiny se tedy předkové uctívají přinášením obětin, díky kterým si snaží předky naklonit na svou stranu. Kult předků vždy byl a dosud je nevyhnutelně spjat s čínskou společností. Výskyt kultu předků v čínské společnosti nacházíme již v prvních písemných památkách z doby dynastií Shang a Zhou. V hrobkách také bylo nalezeno velké množství milodarů, které dokládají existenci víry v posmrtný život. Mimo Čínu byl kult předků významnou součástí kultur např. starověkého Egypta či Indie.

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Света гора Сливенска и Света гора Атонска. За два сакрални района преди християнството

Author(s): Georgi Kovachev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article compares the ancient heritage of two medieval monastery societies, the Holy mountain of Sliven and the Holy mountain of Athos. Apollo, Dionysus, Zeus, and the Great Mother Goddess were celebrated in both regions as described by ancient sources, art works, archeological and numismatical evidences, and contemporary customs and folklore. According to the research, Dionisos and Orphical rituals were practiced in Antiquity in both areas, perhaps by domestic organized male societies.

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CONCEPȚII SOCIAL-POLITICE ALE EVULUI MEDIU

Author(s): Ioan Scheau / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the main socio-political conceptions of the Middle Ages: Augustine, Al-Farabi, Averroes, Thomas Aquinas, William Ockham.Augustine presents his view of history through the theory of two cities: one of the accursed multitude (Babylon) and one of the righteous (Jerusalem).Al-Farabi insists on the central role of the leader who must be to society what the heart is to the body. Averroes advocates reform of the state whose policy must be to pursue the public good.Thomas Aquinas considered the state the most important construction of human reason, and he advocated the constitutional state.William Ockham advocates for preserving the role of the papacy as religious leadership only, not political leadership, where monarchy is preferred.

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Përkime shqiptaro-malazeze në mesjetë

Author(s): Pëllumb Xhufi / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Milan Shuflay duket se ka dhënë thelbin e lidhjeve mes shqiptarëve e malazezëve në mesjetë, kur pohonte se “Zeta dhe Shqipëria e veriut përbënin një fytyrë biologjike të veçantë: ishin të lidhura me të njëjtën tokë plastike, me të njëjtin gjak ilir e me të njëjtat peripeci historike”. Në fakt, e gjithë kjo trevë e Ballkanit perëndimor e ka përcjellur në të njëjtën mënyrë momentin kryesor të ndryshimeve të mëdha etnike e kulturore në Ballkan, atë të dyndjeve e të kolonizimit sllav.

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