Ogledi

Author(s): Walter Benjamin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2016

Post-antički čovjek zna možda samo za jedan duševni ustroj u kojem svoj unutarnji svijet u punoj veličini i posvemašnjoj čistoći postavlja u odnos prema cjelini prirode, kozmosa, naime bol. Sentimentalni čovjek, kako ga imenuje Schiller, može ostvariti približno čist i velik, što znači približno naivan osjećaj sebe samog samo po visoku cijenu da svoje cijelo unutarnje biće organizira kao jedinstvo odvojeno od prirode.

Wprowadzenie do problematyki wiedzy w rosyjskim transcendentalizmie — od neokantyzmu do postneokantyzmu

Author(s): Barbara Czardybon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

The paper outlines the problem of knowledge in Russian Neo-Kantianism in the broad sense of the term. It presents briefly views held in this respect by Russian thinkers who are considered representative of the so-called academic and non-academic Neo-Kantianism. The author also refers to the ideas of the “Russian Marburger” Nicolai Hartmann in the context of Vasily Seseman’s views. It turns out that the views of the Russian philosophers frequently show interesting similarities to the ideas of German Neo-Kantians. Such is the case with the thesis of the indissolubility of science and knowledge, proclaimed by Boris Jakowienko and Bruno Bauch, Semyon Frank’s and Heinrich Rickert’s theory of judgments, as well as the views of Alexander Vvedensky and Johannes Volkelt concerning the possibility of metaphysics. The article proves that the themes present in the concepts of “late” German Neo-Kantians earlier prevailed in Russian philosophy, where ontologism took a leading position. The author also discusses the impact of phenomenology on the revival of ontology in Neo-Kantianism.

Ka određenju značenja postmoderne

Author(s): Samir Arnautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01/1998

Pitanje značenja postmoderne odavno već nije semantički orijentirano i izražava se u preispitivanju tokova otvorenih nastojanjem prevladavanja situacije u kojoj je već sve općenito izgubilo važnost u tome što je postalo poznato. U tom smislu "postmoderna" je jedna razdražujuća riječ. Ona plaši i mami (Wolfgang Welsch, Wege aus der Moderne, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1994., str.l) ona je izraz primarnosti promišljanja svih životno određenih momenata, te se u tom smislu pojavljuje kao izraz vremena. Istovremeno, upravo iz ove određenosti "postmoderna" je izraz koji više neće biti okrenut samo ka literaturi, arhitekturi i drugim oblastima umjetnosti, nego će jednako dobro biti sociološki upućena kako i filozofski, ekonomski, tako i teološki, za nju je pronađen priključak i u historiji i antropologiji, pravu i psihijatriji, teoriji kulture, geografiji i pedagogiji (W. Welsch, Ibid. str.l). Jasno je da postmoderna nije nikakvo relativiziranje stvari radi samog relativiziranja, ona nije izraz zahtjeva za partikularizacijom, čime bi bila samo novum moderne, nego potreba dekonstrukcije tradicije i perspektivističkog promišljanja zbilje. Značenje prefiksa "post" treba tražiti u višeznačnosti i spremnosti na polivalentnost u promišljanju.

Analiza stylistyczna nazewnictwa w Księgach narodu i pielgrzymstwa polskiego Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Łucja Maria Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/1993

Die Analyse von Namen fremder Provenienz in Księgi narodu i pielgrzymstwa polskiego hat gezeigt, daß sie eine wichtige stilistische Kategorie darstellen. Die genannten Namen wurden hier auf biblische Art stilisiert. Man kann sie in echt biblische Namen und in stilisierte Namen einteilen. Es überwiegen Namen hebräischer und griechischer Herkunft. Sie befinden sich meist im entsprechend stilisierten Kontext. Auf Archaisierung deuten u. a. auch bestimmte grammatische Formen hin, wie z. B. Żydy (=Akk. Pl.), Żydowie, Filistynowie ( = Nom. Pl.), w Polszczę (=L ok. Sg. Fem.). Die Eigennamen und Deskriptionen spielen hier solche Funktionen wie die poetische, anspielende, lokal und temporal anberaumende, wertende und die expressive. Besonders wichtige Funktion kommt der poetischen und der anspieelnden zu, wodurch ein Zusammenhang mit der Bibel, Authentizität und vor allem besondere Ausdruckskraft erzielt werden konnten.

Postumanismul

Author(s): Alex Ciorogar,Robert Cincu,Vasile Mihalache,Cristina Diamant,Daniela Petroşel,Doru Pop,Radu Vancu,Laura T. Ilea,Denisa Adriana Moldovan,Laurentiu Malomfalean,Marius Puscas,Andrei Codrescu,Aurel Codoban,Daniel Clinci,Florina Ilis,Cosmina Morosan,Anca Chiorean,Ana-Maria Deliu,Laura Pavelescu,Olga Stefan,Zeltil Yigru,Ştefan Borbély,Paul Cernat,Bogdan Alexandru Stanescu,Marius Popa,Alex Cistelecan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03+04/2017

This sections contains a large number of interventions related to the theme of the issue, which is Posthumanism.

Филозофско контекстуисање (пост)хашке истине

Author(s): Slobodan Nagradić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Приказ/Review: Зоран Арсовић, Оно што након Хага остаје, Арт принт, Бања Лука, 2010.

Poročilo o položaju, problemih in perspektivah pouka zgodovine, zlasti novejše, v naših šolah

Author(s): Tomaž Weber / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1967

Nous ne pouvons traiter de l’enseignement de l' histoire récente en dehors du problème de l' enseignement de l’ histoire en général dans nos écoles. Nous mettons pourtant un accent particulier sur l' histoire, à cause de sa portée éducatrice, c' est-à-dire de la portée qu’ elle a dans la formation de la personnalité du socialiste. Cela apparaît au dehors dans la conception des buts instructifséducatifs du sujet, chez celui qui dispense cet enseignement, et dans les subventions destinées à permettre de donner plus d’importance à l'histoire récente. A l’intérieur, on devrait reconnaitre la- portée de l’histoire récente par le soin plus marqué du cadre enseignant pour la réalisation de ses buts d’instruca-tion et d’éducation et pour les résultats obtenus.

Autobiografija politizovanog veka

Author(s): Cvetka Hedžet Tóth / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2007

The paper is an extended problem-focused analytical outline of the work of the English Marxist Eric Hobsbawm entitled Interesting Times. A Twentieth−Century Life. What is particularly underscored is the fact that Hobsbawm is someone who persists to the end, thus even today, even though everything that served as the build-up of the Russian Revolution fell to pieces. His interpretation of history delves into two concepts that have to be subjected to a critical analysis, namely distance and identity. One of the leading and at the same time concluding ideas of his Interesting Times is: “But history needs distance, not only from the passions, emotions, ideologies and fears of our own wars of religion, but from the even more dangerous temptations of ‘identity’.” His autobiography offers also the following thought that in many ways represents the leitmotif of his extremely interesting work: “We are the first generation to have lived through the historic moment when the rules and conventions that had hitherto bound human beings together in families, communities and societies ceased to operate. If you want to know what it was like, only we can tell you. If you think you can go back, we can tell you, it can’t be done.” Regardless of the fact that he is willing to admit, “I am prepared to concede, with regret, that Lenin’s Comintern was not such a good idea,” Hobsbawm as a Marxist and communist is aware that the world and its conditions are yet to change. “Still, let us not disarm, even in unsatisfactory times. Social injustice still needs to be denounced and fought. The world will not get better on its own.” To cherish and maintain the utopia of this possibility is Hobsbawm’s lasting contribution to the materialist and Marxist interpretation of history that calls for our reaching beyond frontiers of the past – also the frontiers of his politicized century.

Историософията на Арнълд Тойнби

Author(s): Zhelyazko Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article presents the basic views of the renowned British historian and philosopher of history (historiosopher) Arnold Toynbee (1889–1975), outlined above all in his 12-volume work 'A Study of History'. First of all, his understanding of the specifics of the emergence, development and existence of civilizations is examined. Special attention is paid to the criteria formulated by the British historian for the development of civilizations. Emphasis is placed on the topic of the relation between society and the individual, which is an essential element in Toynbee’s historiosophy. His views on the decline of civilizations and the “universal state” are also traced, as well as his scenarios for the future of civilizations.

Місце творчості у добу Відродження як умови зростання людської досконалості у ідейно-естетичному та практичному вимірах

Author(s): Tetiana Viktorivna Andrushchenko,Tetiana Ivanivna Andrushchenko,Valeriy Mykolayovych Denysenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2018

The purpose of the article is the problem of understanding the dynamic formation of historical forms of human being in the Renaissance Epoch connected with the fundamental principles changes: thinking system, behavior, beliefs, development of realia and the main point - cultural and artistic realia interpretation which is connected with the new content and creative technology modeling. Methodology of the research is based on philosophical and cultural studies, Structural systemic, historical, reconstructive-modeling methods with the purpose to define the place of creativity during the Renaissance Epoc as the issues of human perfection in the ideologically-aesthetic and practical aspects. Scientific novelty of the research is in defining the model of depicting reality within the limited frameworks which are transformed into the paradigm of the Universe creativity itself the same as it becomes the major one for the person herself or himself. Conclusions. We can claim that specifically modeled creativity was the real systemically creative one for the whole qualitatively new Renaissance culture including peculiar concepts of human being philosophy. Specific and inner socium conditions which were created by European and namely by Italian Renaissance caused new forms and principals of world correlations and human life creativity of the person’s post medieval time.

Bajki dla deleuzjanistów

Author(s): Adam Lipszyc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2019

Vyākaraṇa and the Mathurā Stele

Author(s): Giovanni Verardi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In a former life Śākyamuni received the investiture of future historical Buddha (vyākaraṇa), which made his praṇidhāna irreversible and caused in him a deep change of state, no longer that of a bodhisattva understood as a person aspiring to the bodhi, but rather that of a Buddha. This is the state of the bodhisattva in the inscribed Kuṣāṇa stele of Mathurā, some of which designate him as buddha, tathāgata or samyaksambuddha. This latter role is clearly highlighted, and the bodhisattva appears not only as an awakened being, as shown by the pipal tree under which he is seated, but as one who has taken the decision to teach. Several iconographical clues can be noticed, among which the cakra on the throne, on the palm of his right hand and on the soles of his feet. The cakra is the first of the seven jewels of the cakravartin, and in fact the Mathurā iconographies foreshadow Śākyamuni’s future state as the only, true king of the world. This figural conception remained restricted to Mathurā, whereas in Gandhāra Śākyamuni’s inherent nature of cakravartin, though present, was not as prominent.

The Chariot allegory in the Phaedrus of Plato, the Kaṭha Upaniṣad, and the Milindapañho

Author(s): B.N. Hebbar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper links three traditions, i.e., ancient Greek, Hindu and Buddhist, through the renowned chariot allegory. The paper’s main purpose is to show that this is not a coincidence but part of a common cultural heritage, i.e., the Indo-European, where the chariot and the horse were important in more ways than one. In the process of uncovering the common Indo-European legacy, the paper looks into certain shared but latent leitmotifs such as the Dumezilian trifunctional hypothesis, cultural beliefs, moral values, spiritual views and metaphysical ideas. The paper also points out the similarities and differences in the three chariot allegories.

Emil Cioran – Circumstanţele unei vinovăţii asumate

Author(s): Adrian Buzdugan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2020

This article summarizes some of the conclusions of a larger paper where we have extensively described the context and circumstances leading to young Emil Cioran’s “crime of sympathy” for the interwar far-right movement. It is rather unbelievable how, in most cases, Cioran’s detractors do not take into consideration the many mitigating factors characterizing his particular situation: the novelty and apparent viability of the totalitarian solutions during his time, the sublimed perception of the legionary phenomenon, the obvious limitations of the transitivity of guilt, the blind passion for a genuinely great Romania, etc. Similarly, they cannot answer a simple question: Why wasn’t Cioran a registered member of the legionary movement?

K filosofii zbitého myšlení. Dialektika citovatelného gesta podle Waltera Benjamina

Author(s): Josefína Formanová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 66-67/2024

In the 1930s, the playwright Bertolt Brecht had a marked impact on Walter Benjamin’s life and thinking. Brecht’s epic theatre inspired Benjamin to write several texts in which the philosopher explores the concept of the “quotable gesture”. This article aims to offer an interpretation of the quotable gesture as a methodological tool for the critique of the modern alienation of tradition and the crisis of thinking. Drawing on selected essays, I analyse the principle of gestural citation as a critical-hermeneutical principle in which common pre-understanding is to be suspended in favour of particular attention towards the phenomenal and to one’s own thinking.

ПРОБЛЕМА НАСИЛЬСТВА В АНТИЧНІЙ КУЛЬТУРНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКІЙ ТРАДИЦІЇ

Author(s): Oleg Gennadiyevich Danilyan,Olexander Petrovych Dzoban / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2024

The article attempts to trace the key points of view on the problem of violence in the philosophical views of the most famous thinkers of European antiquity. It is shown that in the system of social relations, violence in its pure form plays the role of the oldest and most primitive way of resolving the objectively existing conflict of interests of the participants of the social process. The nature of the conflict is rooted in the actual inequality of one subject to another, which finds its fullest expression in the inequality of the needs of individuals. It is substantiated that violence becomes a legal regulator of public interests when the extent of its use in society is recognized by the majority. It is shown that in the context of the development of ancient philosophy, the problem of violence was considered mainly in connection with the socio-political teachings of the classics of Greek philosophy, as well as within the framework of moral discourse. The phenomenon of violence was not tolerated by representatives of ancient philosophy as a separate problem worthy of consideration.

ITEMS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXT

Author(s): Violeta Bercaru Oneață / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

The essence of this study is the acquaintance of an array of knowledge, the Analytical Psychology, with an encompassing of certain assets of modern Physics, to undertake a cultural construction surveyed at the same time, possibly, by glimpses of metaphysical insights.

Attention to Oneself in an Apologetic Perspective: The Reception of Ancient Philosophical Practices in St. Basil the Great

Author(s): Ioannis Kaminis / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The purpose of this article is to present Saint Basil’s utilization of the philosophical heritage along with the ancient Greek literature for the benefit of Christianity. Saint Basil’s approach was influenced by a lineage of Christian philosophers, including the St. Justin the Philosopher, Origen, St. Gregory Thaumaturgus and his grandmother St. Macrina the Elder. Initially, early Christians like St. Justin the Philosopher and Clement of Alexandria portrayed Christianity as the true philosophy and the culmination of knowledge in antiquity. Then Origen employed more philosophical methods and practices in his Christian educational program. St. Basil followed this tradition, but infused his teaching with a holistic Christian interpretation. For instance, he emphasized attention to oneself in a Christian perspective. Additionally, his Address to the Young: On how they might derive benefit from Greek literature demonstrates Christianity’s capacity to assimilate and embrace other traditions while interpreting them in a manner that promotes virtue, the moral development of human being and devotion to Christ.

Terror, Literature, History: Michel Foucault and Ann Radcliffe

Author(s): Josef Fulka / Language(s): English Issue: 70/2024

The object of the present study is a particular literary reference that repeatedly appears in Michel Foucault’s work — a reference to the work of Ann Radcliffe. We present a close study of the passages where Foucault, in one way or another, deals with Ann Radcliffe’s novels (or novels that he believed to be written by Radcliffe), and attempt to show that Foucault’s interest in the “literature of terror” is not at all accidental. For Foucault, Gothic fiction is a literary “embodiment” of the historical transition from classicism to modernity.

Етосът в развитието на историята

Author(s): Ivo Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

If we are to differentiate humankind from other creatures, we tend to gravitate towards the concepts of logos and language, of language and speech, and of reason and thought. In this text, I put forth the idea that the role and importance of ethos and values, of goodness and virtues in man, are mediated by thinking and logos. I argue that these qualities are fundamental and strictly distinguishing features of man, as well as degrees of consciousness. They explain the sources and beginnings of humanity and civilization in general. The foundations thus laid become generative in terms of a new ethical paradigm that emphasizes values and ethos as a factor in the development of history. It should be noted that the ethical paradigm does not replace logos with ethos; rather, it presents them in a synchronicity that embodies the true, overall essence of man, and hence of the history of civilizations and peoples. Furthermore, the ethical paradigm has the capacity to grasp and hold the spirit of the present.