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Лобирање – усмерена комуникација са утицајним јавностима

Author(s): Luka V. Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

This paper represents the review of the influence of communication on the influential public and the role of the process of lobbying on that activity. After the conceptual definition of communication and lobbying, the process of decision- making is set as a referent framework, within which the author analyzed how political actors outside the government fight for their interests, and how they influence on the making, amendment or change of the decisions. In order for the lobby activity to be seriously and adequately accepted, it is necessary that the actors of influence, lobbyists, have their strategies and techniques of which, at the bottom end, depend the results of the overall activity. At the end, the aim of the paper is to point out that lobbying can „transgress“ the boundaries of action which were determined by norms, but, which is more important, there are significant and decisive communication differences between lobbying and corruption, and where the corruption starts, the lobbying ends.

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Независна (регулаторна) тела и институције у Србији

Author(s): Mijodrag Radojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2010

Regulatory agencies are the state institutions authorized for regulation of certain fields of social interest. Along with development of deregulation, liberalization and human rights protection doctrines, in contemporary Comparative Law there came also to the increase of significance and the role of the regulatory bodies. In addition to these public agencies, there have been also established the regulatory bodies with greater level of independence and autonomy in relation to the executive power. These bodies and institutions do response to the citizens’ needs in satisfactory way and provide for efficient control of the executive power. In this paper author analyzed the status of separate independent regulatory bodies and institutions in the Republic of Serbia. In addition to some shortages in the normative frame, there are also some technical obstacles and political pressures that complicate functioning of the independent regulatory bodies. Taking into account the aspect of respect of the principles in the Rule of Law, it is necessary to change legal regulations and create conditions for unobstructed functioning of independent regulatory bodies and institutions.

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Rat, identitet i egzil u djelu Raymonda Rehnicera

Author(s): František Šistek / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 45/2016

The article offers a discoursive analysis and contextualization of several key topics found in the essayistic oeuvre of Raymond Rehnicer (1942–1998), professor of urbanism and architecture at the University of Sarajevo, who lived in exile in Prague after 1992. The paper pays special attention to the problems of multicultural coexistence, causes of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the perceived urban/ural dichotomy, the development and role of Rehnicer’s Jewish identity after the breakup of the war and his conceptualizations of Central Europe as a specific historical and cultural area.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Macedonian Ex-Premier Indicted for Election Fraud

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 07/04/2017

Nikola Gruevski and many former government members face accusations of numerous serious crimes during their long years in office.

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Улога и место закона о лобирању у политичком систему Cрбије

Author(s): Balša Kašćelan / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2010

We believe a society should recognize lobbying as legitimate and necessary. In a democracy, active private involvement in setting public priorities is an asset. In return, we believe society can expect lobbying to be transparent. During economic and political transition, open lobbying is probably a healthy sign of positive democratic change. Communism discouraged independent civic activity, and in economic life, with large state-owned monopolies rejecting reform or privatization, small and medium-sized enterprises may have to unite in businesses association to be heard. A survey of transition countries actually found that lobbying and corruption are reversely related, in the sense that the more corrupt a nation is, the less likely individual firms are to engage in lobbying. Our research tends to suggest that lobbyists are not averse to states having registers of lobbyists for a number or reasons. Primarily the paper tends to legitimize lobby groups as actors in the political process, and gives a certain transparency to the overall lobbying process. Equally as important it allows citizens to openly see what lobby groups are doing and who in government they are talking to, with the result that over time citizens become less cynical about the work and nature of lobby organizations, and indeed politicians. Lobbyist employs a wide range of techniques and strategies to promote their policy goals. The techniques used by interest groups can be divided into direct and indirect techniques. Author offer direct techniques by which lobbyists approach the officials personally to present their case and point of view. With indirect techniques, in contrast, lobbyists use the general public and media to influence decision makers. At the end of this paper we offer a number of reasons for lobbying legislation in Serbia.

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Achievements and Failures of Democratic Governments in Serbia after 2000

Author(s): Ognjen Pribićević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

In the article “Achievements and Failures of Democratic Governments in Serbia” Dr. Pribicevic analyzed transition in Serbia after 2000. As a greatest achievements he pointed out that democracy become “only game in the town”, that political killings were stopped, that Serbia again become part of world and European community and that standard of living has improved. On the other side, Dr Pribicevic underlined slow EU integration process, joblessness, corruption and organized crime as a greatest challenges for new democratic governments in Serbia after 2000. His conclusion is that only through the concrete process of acceding to the EU Serbia will be able to reach a certain level of standards and accept EU values and rules of behavior. Without fast concrete steps towards EU Serbia will continue to be preoccupied with its own past and myths.

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On the Lost Purpose of Transition

Author(s): Igor Lukšić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

After a quarter of a century, it is not a waste of time to reassess the effects of the transition process. Have we missed the purpose? The transition can be given scrutiny through different models, but also through the integration process which runs danger of falling into the pit of constructivism. The transition was (or should have been) about moving from a hampered into an unhampered market society in the first place. It is obvious that we are far from there. The new political global landscape in the making will probably drive further away. That is why some international financial organisations and academics seem to be changing their focus. Probably logically so, but the true question is whether the process and the policy-making is about letting an individual make decisions freely, or about reconstructing paternalism in different forms including the battle between those who want to close down to the globalisation and those who claim the opening up is an inevitable process. Reducing corruption and increasing transparency along with long haul education reforms that spur entrepreneurial spirit in order to make political and market reforms sustainable, may be a quest to seek the lost purpose of transition.

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Opseg privatizacije masmedija u Srbiji

Author(s): Boban Tomić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2007

Privatisation of the mass media in Serbia is a part of a large-scale privatisation of public and state property in companies. It has been carried out since 2001 as a part of transitional processes with an aim to adapt social and economic atmosphere in the country to European surroundings and modern practice in the world. Privatisation regulations were issued during 2001, but the first results were not satisfactory. Although spirit of the law requires privatisation to become a means to improve the mass media activities and profession, it rarely happens in practice. The first examples of privatisation were marked by manipulations and misuses, which endangers the existence of the mass media activities. The most common motivation for acquisition of the mass media companies is their material value, but not the intention to develop informative, educational and entertaining function of the mass media. It increases the danger for majority of the mass media to be closed down, which could negatively affect the whole social process. The most important problem is the fact that representatives of employees, i.e. journalists and editors, do not take part in the process of privatisation, which could be highly beneficial, since they are, because of numerous specific qualities, particularly interested in successful reforming of the mass media. Considering the fact that privatisation of majority of the public and state mass media companies has not been finished yet, it is necessary to issue new regulations and a new model of the mass media ownership transformation. Accordingly, the optimal model, which includes both employees and founders of the mass media in the process of ownership transformation, is suggested. The main point is to transfer the activity from the state to the local community and employees and founders so that financial effects could be positive for all the sides included. This model complies with modern regulations in Europe and it satisfies all interested social factors. It could improve operating conditions of the mass media, fully contribute to the social and economic development of the country as well as democratisation of the society.

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Primjenjivost principa transparentnog komuniciranja u kriznim situacijama

Author(s): Zarfa Hrnjić Kuduzović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

As a generally accepted principle of social responsibility in public relations theory, transparency is also recommended during crisis situations by most authors. The recommendations for organizations to communicate openly with all stakeholders, especially crisis victims, are among the most important instructions for managing crises. However, some authors believe that the full disclosure of information about the organization and the crisis circumstances is not just an unrealistic, but also communicatively ineffective, financially disadvantageous and even an unethical approach. Starting from the transparency requirements as a set of unquestionably valuable principles in professional public relations, as well as from the benchmark research on crisis communication, the author examines the limits of this rule. The paper is focused on the factors that determine the degree of an organization’s openness, keeping in mind the complexity of relationships with different stakeholders who often have conflicting interests. By critically considering the concept of ambiguous communications as a possible communication model in crisis situations, the author emphasizes the importance of context when deciding on a communication strategy.

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Rethinking ‘Freedom of Information’ for a New Era of Transparency in Public Service Media in Nigeria

Author(s): Balkisu Saidu / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

The emergence of global production and information networks, the rise of super sized national, supranational and multinational media organisations, their impact and influence on global trends, the expansion of technology and the presence of a sophisticated information superhighway that allow for the instantaneous transfer of information all converge to make the control of the flow of information next to impossible. However, in young democracies, such as Nigeria, the power to regulate the access to information conferred on state actors has been regularly exploited as a means of denying of information to the public, freedom of the press and freedom of speech. This paper inquires into the antecedents of censorship, examines these antecedents in the light of broader historical and contemporary dynamics within the country and projects the likely implications for the entrenchment of transparency in the Public Service Media (PSM) in Nigeria via freedom of information. The research adopted the qualitative doctrinal and empirical methods of legal research.

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Vjerodostojnost tiskanih medija u slučaju „svinjska gripa“

Author(s): Jadran Perinić,Ksenija Žlof,Slobodan Hadžić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03-04/2011

The issue of credibility becomes especially pronounced in times of crises, which characteristically abound in the unknown, uncertainty, and doubt. Such crises are mostly sudden, often complex, and sometimes mired in controversial events. The public subsequently craves more information in times of crises, such that they may obtain more precise guidance, and ease their ability to cope. Given the relatively low frequency of crisis situations, most people lack actual experience relevant to a given predicament. The appearance of Virus A (H1N1) at the onset of 2009 is one such case. Despite H1N1’s classification as a broad-scale, serious health hazard, preventive vaccinations failed to reach a large segment of the population. We contend that the lack of credibility in informing the public through the media contributed considerably to this failure. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the level of credible information provided by the print media from which the general public could have taken an informed position on the crisis in question. Quantitative research and content analysis ascertained from a body of print media sources with national coverage reveals that the Croatian print media, contrary to our expectations, largely rely on official sources and transparently cite authors, which contributes to a higher degree of credibility. Yet further analysis of the number of sources suggests that most journalists used on average only one or no named sources, which significantly reduces the credibility of the published articles.

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Društvo i korupcija: politički utjecaj u profesionalnim strukturama javnih institucija kao čimbenik korupcijskog rizika

Author(s): Renato Matić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

The paper analyzes the correlation of political influence in the professional structures of public institutions with corruption risk. The goal is to determine, based on qualitative data, how favourable general political influence and political appointments in professional public institutions (as opposed to transparency and professional autonomy) are for the development and sustainability of corruption. Qualitative empirical research using the method of semi- -structured interviews was conducted with 60 participants from 10 countries, divided into two groups according to the Corruption Perceptions Index. Indicators of the presence of political influence in public structures are: participants’ experience on the mobility of institutional services, experience of the presence of political staffing in professional structures, and the experience of the possibility of predictable career management based on clear institutional criteria. The results of the interviews show that between societies which differ according to the perception of corruption there is an experiential difference in the presence of these indicators, and that the political influence of the professional structures of public institutions can be considered as a factor of corruption risk.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Kadyrov Ally Embroiled in Bank Scandal

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/01/2017

Speaker of parliament allegedly threatened Sberbank’s Chechen head, who is under suspicion of running a gigantic fraud scheme.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Gulnara Karimova’s Son Pleads for a Fair Trial

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/07/2017

Uzbekistan releases details of charges against the former leader’s daughter three years after she vanished from public view.

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Political Instability, Corruption, and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries

Author(s): Emin Ahmet Kaplan,Alpaslan Akçoraoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The major aim of this paper is to examine the empirical relations between economic growth and a broad group of political instability factors including corruption, government instability, internal and external conflicts, religious and ethnic tensions, democratic accountability and bureaucracy quality. Moreover, one of the main objectives of our paper is to explore the effects of serious problems such as political instability and corruption on economic growth for a panel of OECD countries by using the system-GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) estimator during the period 1984-2012. Our findings confirm most of the literature that political instability is negatively associated with economic growth. We found strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that corruption negatively affects economic growth. Our paper presents strong evidence in favor of the view that government stability and internal and external conflicts are obstacles for rapid economic growth. However, the results of system-GMM estimation indicate that democratic accountability, ethnic and religious tensions and bureaucracy quality have no statistically significant impact on economic growth of OECD countries.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Royal Romanian Headache for Israeli Tycoon

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/22/2017

Two separate legal cases have thrust the sometimes murky world of Romanian real estate into the light.

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Inteligent na strajku. Jan Józef Lipski w grudniu 1981 roku

Author(s): Łukasz Garbal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2016

The article is an attempt to determine the source of the facts relating to the strike in the Mechanical Works „Ursus” after the introduction of martial law in communist Poland and break the strike by force by the authorities and the fate of the leaders of the protest, with particular emphasis on advising the leaders of the strike long-term dissident, Jan Jozef Lipski. The author juxtaposes different relationships, and, critically reviewing them, trying to reach witnesses from different levels of decision-making.

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Etik Problem Olarak Yolsuzluk, Nedenleri ve Yolsuzluğa Karşı Alınabilecek Önlemler

Author(s): Emine Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 22/2024

Corruption is a complex ethical issue that has profoundly affected social, economic and political systems in both developed and developing countries throughout history. This study aims to comprehensively discuss the definition of corruption, measurement methods, causes, effects and measures that can be taken against this problem. Corruption can be defined as the abuse of authority by public officials for their personal interests and can occur in various forms such as bribery and embezzlement. Causes of corruption include unclear laws and regulations, opportunities for abuse of power, low income levels, and inadequate enforcement of property rights and the rule of law. The negative effects of corruption are that it weakens the credibility of the state by eroding the social and economic fabric of society and hinders economic development. In this context, measures that can be taken against corruption include strategies such as strengthening the educational and cultural structure, democratization and strengthening of civil society, restructuring the state, transparency and accountability, judicial reform, improving the salaries of public officials and developing religious awareness. This study attempts to find effective and applicable solutions by examining the causes and effects of corruption in depth. Anti-corruption strategies will play an important role in preventing and reducing corruption by raising awareness in all segments of society.

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Anticorruption and the Mechanics of Russia's System: Simon Kordonskiy's Emic Approach

Author(s): Michael Derrer / Language(s): English Issue: 37(1)/2024

Emic theories constitute a precious treasure for a cultural economic sociology. Simon Kordonskiy's work has barely been noticed outside of Russia - unjustly, as his writing must be of interest to western institutional economists, economic sociologists, and anthropologists. From Kordonskiy's insights, we can conclude that corrupt practices in Russia are not a defect in the system - they are an inherent part of Russia's economy and society. Accordingly, he holds a drastically pessimist view of the effec- tiveness of anticorruption policies there, and calls it a fight against the system itself.

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The Challenges Related to Whistleblowing in the Field of Environmental Crime Prevention

Author(s): Jelena Ž. Kostić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Whistleblowing is an important activity not only for combating corruption, but alsoother irregularities and illegal actions. Protection of the environment is certainly a matter of publicinterest, and the prevention of crimes that violate its integrity is useful above all from the aspect ofprotecting peoples’ lives and health.In a large number of cases, environmental crime is very difficult to detect and prove. The role ofthe whistle-blower is of particular importance for the timely detection of environmental offensesand the reduction of occurrence or mitigation of harmful consequences. In this paper, we startfrom the assumption that whistle-blowers in the field of environmental protection are faced with alarge number of challenges and are not adequately protected. They are mostly either fired by theiremployer or forced due to various pressures to quit without the possibility of new employment.Considering the importance of their role in the field of environmental protection, the possibility ofimproving their position should be reconsidered. In order to make recommendations for the improvementof both national regulations and practices related to the protection of whistle-blowers,in this work we primarily use the method of content analysis, as well as the dogmatic-legal method.

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