A Dózsa-kép az 1840-es évek magyar irodalmában

Author(s): Márton Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2014

The study examines the role that the peasant revolt of 1514, generally attached to the name of György Dózsa, played in the collective memory in Hungary in the 1840s. It contests the argument according to which alongside the traditional, conservative approach, which condemned the revolt, there would have emerged a revolutionary view, which already presented the events as examples to follow. It argues, rather, on the basis of several contemporary literary works, that there continued to exist in the 1840s an attitude which extended back to 1514 and was influenced by consequent waves of violence, and which, as a result, regarded the peasant revolt as a shocking example and rejected all forms of collective violence. This, however, was certainly not conservative in terms of ideology or the history of ideas, but reflected simply the norm. It was certainly not the reinterpretation of this conceptual framework which started then, and it is totally mistaken to suppose that the new tones in praise of Dózsa emerged with equal force: the examples which apparently prove this are to be assessed in a different way. What, indeed, can be regarded as a novelty is the sporadic yet total negation of the attitude regarded as the norm (as in the gesture of Sándor Petőfi , the most outstanding poet of the period), or its logical transcending (as the Christian salvational approach in the novel of József Eötvös). None of them amounts to a presentation of the Dózsa peasant war as an affirmative example, however, for both preserve a strong aversion to destructive violence.

A Look into the Future: Cyber-aggression as the Problem of Interaction in Space Exploration

Author(s): Oleksandra Kachmar,Dmytro Dzvinchuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 21/2018

In the article, the authors broadened on the definition and concept of cyber-aggression. The authors have carried out their inquiry on the cyber-aggression in terms of the possibility of broadening of human potential by using the high-tech devices. Such inquiry was built upon the “The theory of war and peace” by Oleg Bazaluk. The authors came to the conclusion that cyber-aggression appears to be a typical form of struggle for existence, which is inherent in man, the state and civilization. Cyber-aggression, considered as a “natural way of human intelligent activity broadening by using the high-tech devices” provides the following: a) the transformation of civilization into a planetary force; b) exploration of cislunar and deep outer space; c) Universe-wide competition. The authors proposed a behavior model, specially developed for the contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations, which stipulates the transparency of intentions and proves: a) that terrestrial civilization’s cyber-aggression is a method of space exploration, rather than a desire for war and violence; b) that the Earthly civilization’s technologies are determined by its cultural history and manifest peace and benevolence.

About Kosovo and Serbian guilt

Author(s): Dejan Ilic,Drinka Gojkovic,Nenad Dimitrijevic,Gojko Božovic,Aleksandra Pavlovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 55.1/1999

It doesn't take too much wisdom to come to the conclusion that the Serb regime of the last ten years hasn't done a thing to solve the issue of Kosovo. On the contrary, there are a lot of examples showing that the Serb regime has consistently neglected or conscientiously destroyed everything that Kosovo actually or symbolically represented in Serbian history and culture and it's clear that the solution of the Kosovo issue itself was not important to the regime either. […]

Ajhman u Jerusalimu

Author(s): Hannah Arendt / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 57.3/2000

Moja knjiga je još pre objavljivanja postala centar polemike i predmet jedne organizovane kampanje. Sasvim je prirodno što je ta kampanja, vođena svim dobro poznatim sredstvima stvaranja lažne predstave i manipulisanja javnošću, privukla mnogo više pažnje od same polemike, tako da je površna buka kampanje na neki način potisnula i ugušila polemiku. To je postalo sasvim jasno kada je čudnovata mešavina jedne i druge, iskazana skoro identičnim rečima — kao da su tekstovi u kojima se napada knjiga (a još češće njen autor) izlazili "iz mašine za kopiranje" (Meri MekKarti) — preneta iz Amerike u Englesku, a zatim u Evropu, gde knjiga još nije bila ni objavljena. […]

Albanians and Their Neighbors: Unfinished Business

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2000

On April 7 and 8, 2000, senior Albanian politicians from Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Montenegro met with leaders of the democratic opposition in Serbia and leaders of the Kosovar Serb community; other political leaders from Macedonia and Montenegro; and representatives from Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, the United States, the Council of Europe, the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, the OSCE, the European Union, NATO, and the United Nations. This unprecedented meeting, which was held in Budapest, Hungary, marked the start of a major initiative by the Project on Ethnic Relations on “Albanians and Their Neighbors.” It is aimed at maintaining a region-wide, high-level dialogue on the most explosive ethnic-political issue in Europe today. This report captures and records the main theme of this opening discussion: the conflicting hopes and fears of diverse ethnic communities during a period of rapid and often violent change in the Balkans. Three issues dominated the meeting: the current and future status of Kosovo and its impact on the politics of the region; interethnic arrangements in Montenegro and Macedonia and the relations of Albanians with the majority populations in those republics; and whether Albanian leaders in the region aspire to the creation of a “Greater Albania.”

Aleksandar Hemon i Etgar Keret: komparativna analiza autobiografske proze obilježene ratom

Author(s): Karolina Zelenika / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 71-72/2018

Raznolikost dugotrajnog čitateljskog iskustva, kao i različitost akademskih interesa na književnom polju nerijetko izrode neobične predmete proučavanja. Pri upoznavanju svjetske književnosti mnogi se autori i motivi njihovih djela mogu dovesti u komparativnu vezu, čime se znanost o književnosti nesumnjivo obogaćuje. Takvi su se pisci, premda potpuno različitog porijekla i različitih stilova, našli i u našem fokusu. Naime, bosanskohercegovački odnosno američki pisac Aleksandar Hemon (1964) i izraelski pisac Etgar Keret (1967), osim po pisanju kratkih priča i romana, dijele sličnosti i u stvarnom životu.

American Plans to Build Democracy in the Middle East After 9/11: the Case of Iraq

Author(s): Ewelina Wasko-Owsiejczuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The “Freedom Agenda” of President George W. Bush for the Middle East assumed that the liberation of Iraq from the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein and the start of political change would trigger the process of democratization of the entire region. Encouraged by financial and economic support, Arab countries should have been willing to implement political and educational support, which would lead to the creation of civil society and grass-roots political changes initiated by society itself. A number of mistakes made by the Bush administration in Iraq has not only caused the mission of the democratization of Iraq to be a failure, but also influenced the situation that today Iraq is closer to being a failed state than a democracy.

Analiza porównawcza Sił Zbrojnych RP oraz Republiki Czeskiej – zagadnienia wybrane

Author(s): Dariusz Wasilewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 7/2018

The main objective was to present the basic weaponry that is provided by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic, with particular emphasis on the Air Force and Land Forces. Additionally, differences in development directions between these countries were also shown. It also shows the problem of maladjustment of equipment to the requirements of the modern battlefield.

Analysis of the Actual Nutrition Status of Servicemen of the Transcarpathian Region who Participated in the ATO and its Influence on the Development of the Pathology of the Digestive Organs

Author(s): Ivan M. Rogach,Angelika O. Keretsman,Ivan I. Gadzhega / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

The influence of lifestyle factors, namely rationality of nutrition, on the health of the population is the strongest relative to other risk factors that may be manifested by the development and complication of diseases of the digestive system. This gain is particularly gaining in people who work in conditions of increased stress, physical and psychological overload. To such a contingent of population are also servicemen of the armed forces of Ukraine. This article describes the results of the analysis of the actual state of nutrition of the Transcarpathian military who participated in the anti-terrorist operation in the eastern region of Ukraine.

Armed Conflicts in the Post-soviet Region. Present Situation, Prospects for Settlement. Consequences

Author(s): Krzysztof Strachota / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 2003

1. Unresolved conflicts continue to smoulder in Transnistria, Chechnya, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia. "Para-states" have formed in most conflict-affected areas. These have grown to become permanent players in the region. In Chechnya, guerrilla fights continue in the wake of the Russian army's siege of the republic. The conflict in Tajikistan ended in 1997 and the normalisation process is currently under way. 2. Each of these conflicts has entailed profound political, social, ethnic and economic changes, as well as affecting other spheres of life. Presently, it is impossible to return to the pre-conflict situation. The "para-states" have fortified their independence and are no longer controlled by the external powers on which they depended in the initial phases of the conflicts. 3. Unresolved conflicts, including those of Transnistria, Chechnya, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and, until recently, Tajikistan, have an adverse effect on the situation in the region. They hinder political and economic development of the affected countries, lead to the brutalisation of political life and breed instability by providing save havens for organised crime, terrorism, etc. They are also the cause of large-scale migration problems. However, with time, these negative effects become less and less turbulent. 4. So far, attempts at solving most of the conflicts (Transnistria, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia) have failed to produce results other than cease-fires. Permanent settlement could not be achieved, neither through the use of force nor by way of negotiation. The power and independence of the "para-states", hard-line leaderships on both sides, and finally, military weakness of the metropolises consolidate the state of suspension. The conflict in Tajikistan was settled using political methods, and the normalisation process is progressing in a satisfactory manner. Chechnya has been conquered militarily by Russian troops and Moscow is now implementing its model of imposed "normalisation", but it does not have full control over the republic and cannot contain the growing problems induced by the conflict, such as the emergence of Chechen terrorism. 5. Some of the negative consequences of the conflicts are gradually being abated by the evolution in Russia's policy towards them (Russia is gradually ceasing playing on the conflicts as foreign policy instruments and is shifting towards political and economic measures). Also instrumental to this are the increasing involvement of the US and, to a smaller extent, the EU, in regional security (as part of their struggle against terrorism), as well as the growing strength of state systems and the development of political and economic co-operation between the conflict-affected republics (for example, the construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, the TRACECA programme). In the longer term, these tendencies may also help in resolving the actual conflicts themselves.

Aspecte privind cercetarea specializată de securitate în cadrul NATO

Author(s): Tiberiu Tanase / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: II/2007

The complex changes that have been occurred in Europe and the challenges for the international security have determined NATO to adapt its security approach to the new environment. In this context, starting with June 2006, the Science for Peace and Security Committee has realized the security research. This Committee coordinates the NATO main scientific research programme – „Science for Peace and Security Programme”, whose goal is to stimulate the international cooperation and to strengthen security, stability and solidarity of the member states, through adopting the most effective technical solutions in order to achieve the security goals. This Committee tackles off the demographic, environment and economical issues, too. The Programme management is realized by the NATO Scientific Committee and is helped by some consultative commissions in assessing and selecting the applications. The NATO Public Diplomacy Division realises the coordination programme and the main research themes are: combating terrorism and other threats for international security, creating the viable scientific patterns, the priorities of the member statesWithin the NATO framework, The Research and Technology Organisation (RTO) is the only department that carries on research and technology activities and whose mission is to promote the research and intelligence exchange. The main goals of this Organisation are to sustain the carrying on and the efficient utilisation of research and national technology in the defence field, to respond to the Alliance’s military requests, to maintain the technological leadership and to offer advices to the national and NATO decision makers. Although NATO is well known as a political and military alliance, in reality, it is concerned, beside the two dimensions, by the scientific dimension through encouraging the relations between people, taking into account the challenges for the modern society and strengthening the science and technology development. For Romania, the need of strengthening economical competitiveness consists in diminishing and overtaking the technological gaps that separate it from the other NATO and EU member states. In such a context, the main directions on medium and long term are: the need to reconsider the role of research and education among the national priorities of development and the role of the research and development at economical level.

Assessment of the Health Losses Resulted from the Internal Armed Conflict in Ukraine and Public Health Tasks

Author(s): Natalia Ryngach,Olena Korolchuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

The article is devoted to the health and lives losses resulted from the armed conflict in Ukraine. It shows the real and potential consequences for the social health and determination of major (priority) activity directions and tasks for public health management, with the aim of their minimisation or prevention.

Balkan: Od invencije do intervencije

Author(s): Marija Todorova / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 55.1/1999

Kao stručnjak za istoriju Balkana uzdržavala sam se od davanja kratkih izjava (od dva do deset minuta zavisno od informativnog programa; od šesto do osamsto reči zavisno od novina ili časopisa) o sadašnjem stanju stvari na Balkanu. Konačno, moj posao upravo i jeste razmatranje složenih pitanja i izbegavanje uprošćenih rešenja, i ja verujem, eto, u ovo profesionalno načelo. Međutim, ovo što se sada dogadja nije samo balkanski problem, a svakako nije ni prvenstveno balkanski problem: to je globalni međunarodni problem. [...]

Bestijalnost i humanost. Rat na granici između prava i morala

Author(s): Jürgen Habermas / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 55.1/1999

[...]Za uznemirenost postoji više razloga. Poslednjih nedelja sve su jače sumnje u mudrost pregovaračke strategije koja ne dopušta nikakvu drugu mogućnost osim oružanog napada. Sumnje se odnose na svrsishodnost vojnih napada. Dok podrška Jugoslovena prkosno-krutom Miloševićevom kursu jača i zadire duboko u re dove opozicije, preteće nuspojave rata množe se na sve strane. Susedne države Makedonija i Albanija, kao i republika Crna Gora, iz različitih razloga dospevaju u vir destabilizacije; u Rusiji, zemlji sa razvijenim atomskim naoružanjem, široki krugovi se solidarišu sa "bratskim narodom", što predstavlja dodatni pritisak na vladu. [...]

Bez izlaza?

Author(s): Drinka Gojkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 60.6/2000

Građanski rat bio bi beskonačan kad ne bi bilo milosti, pisao je povodom ratova u ex-Jugoslaviji nemački teatrolog i estetičar Ivan Nagel, u govoru kojim su u leto 1992. otvorene Salcburške letnje igre. U Salcburgu su te godine izvođeni Sekspirov "Julije Cezar" i Mocartov "Tit". Građanski rat, započet u "Cezaru", okončava se, na salcburškoj pozornici, činom milosti, u "Titu". To je tačka preokreta. Milost iz "Tita", ili, tačnije, iz Kornejevog "Sine", prema kojem je napisan libreto Mocartove opere, nije, međutim, psihološki pojam, samilost, sažaljenje, nego državno-pravni čin koji znači pomilovanje političkog protivnika, amnestiju. [...]

Bezpieczeństwo Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego i jego rosyjski problem

Author(s): Bogdan Panek,Miroslaw Banasik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5.2/2017

In the face of the implementation of the confrontational policy while running a hybrid warfare by the Russian Federation (RF), the NATO was forced to take action enhancing the Alliance’s defence capabilities. The aim of the article is to evaluate these activities in terms of providing transatlantic security assurance. The article presents a diagnosis of hybrid threats flowing from the Russian Federation and indicates the possibility of the controversy in the Alliances related to the intention of recalling Article 5 of the Washington Treaty in this situation. The article shows the evaluation of the resolutions of the Summit in Wales and indicates the consequences of the deterrence RF resulting from decisions which were taken at the Summit in Warsaw.

BIBLIOGRAFIJA: DISKURSI RATA

Author(s): Obrad Savic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

BODRIJAR I RAT KOJI SE NIJE DOGODIO

Author(s): Christopher Norris / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Koliko mislilac može da pogreši a da još uvek polaže pravo da ga tretiramo sa dužnom pažnjom? Da bi se to proverilo, koristan je slučaj Žana Bodrijara (Jean Baudrillard), kultne figure današnje postmoderne scene, ličnosti koja je iznela neke od najluđih ideja koje su se do sada mogle čuti među kreatorima francuske intelektualne mode.

BOOK REVIEW: Negotiating Urban Conflict – Conflicts as Opportunity for Urban Democracy by Nanke Verloo

Author(s): Philipp Zintl / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

This review critiques Nanke Verloo's book ‘Negotiating Urban Conflict – Conflicts as Opportunity for Urban Democracy’. The book mixes elements of ethnography and narrative analysis to investigate three urban conflicts that took place in Amsterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Verloo utilizes a remarkable research approach that focuses on learning from people rather than learning about people. The conclusions include notions about the importance of gestures, public ownership and listening to people. The book does not sufficiently elaborate on the dangers of becoming affiliated with the people's views while conducting ethnographic research and contradicts its bottom-up approach by being not accessible to the broader public due to unnecessarily sophisticated language and an overloaded theory chapter. However, its unique research approach with bottom-up focus and narration-like case studies make it an outstanding book with high practical relevance for urban policy makers that are involved in conflict resolution.

Broń masowego rażenia – definiowanie pojęcia

Author(s): Rafal Kopec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2014

The term “weapons of mass destruction” (WMD) has no unified meaning in international relations. The paper presents different ways of defining WMD and focuses on US literature and legislation. The author analyses WMD definitions in terms of their adequacy, unambiguity and accuracy.