Zakaz posługiwania się znakami towarowymi w reklamie internetowej i zakaz współpracy z porównywarkami cenowymi jako ograniczenie konkurencji w kontekście orzeczenia Bundesgerichtshof z 12 grudnia 2017 roku

Author(s): Bartosz Targański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The case is part of a series of recent cases where EU competition authorities considered the acceptable scope of restricting online retail sales by producers. According to the decision of the Bundeskartellamt of 26 August 2015, and subsequent rulings of German courts, an absolute ban on the use of trademarks in online advertising and the prohibition of cooperation with price comparison websites imposed on distributors by the producer is a per se violation of Article 101(1) TFEU and cannot benefit from a block or an individual exemption. The decision is based on the statement of violation of the principle of equivalence of restrictions of online and traditional sales. According to the author, such an assessment method is not always right. Due to the difference between the two distribution channels, indicating equivalent limitations may be objectively impossible. The decision does not explain sufficiently precisely which factors objectively determine the luxury status of a given product. This means that there is still uncertainty about the acceptable scope of restrictions on online sales

RPM w handlu elektronicznym – la nouvelle vague czy nihil novi? Przegląd praktyki decyzyjnej organów ochrony konkurencji

Author(s): Anna Laszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The aim of this paper is to analyse selected decisional practice of the European Commission and national competition authorities concerning RPM agreements in the e-commerce sector. This research is motivated by the recent e-commerce sector inquiry conducted by the European Commission. Conclusions from this inquiry suggest that suppliers frequently influence the pricing policy of their retailers to the detriment of competition and final consumers. This paper describes first the characteristics of e-commerce and considers features, which may be potentially relevant from the competition law perspective, differentiating it from brick-and-mortar distribution. It is a defendable view that RPM in e-commerce does not require the establishment of new assessment tools. This hypothesis seems to be further confirmed by the conclusions derived from the review of selected decisional practice. At the same time, analysis of RPM in e-commerce requires the competition authorities to carefully consider the economic context of the arrangements. In particular, the motivation of the supplier should be thoroughly analysed in the context of counteracting free-riding and protecting the value of the brand.

Po co komu moje dane? Omówienie opinii francuskiego organu ds. konkurencji dotyczącej wykorzystania danych w sektorze reklamy internetowej

Author(s): Natalia Hartung / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

This article discusses the Opinion of the French Competition Authority on the use of data in online advertising. The first part of the article describes the functioning of the market of online advertising, including programmatic advertising, the importance of data and internet users, as well as the position of key market participants, namely Google and Facebook. The second part discusses the preliminary competition law analysis of the online advertising market. The Authority considered the following relevant markets: services for internet users, social network advertising, Display advertising, Search advertising, intermediation services and data analysis services. The French Competition Authority then described certain problematic practices occurring on these markets, for example tying, predatory pricing, exclusivities, leveraging, and the obstruction to interoperability and discrimination. The final part of the article addresses topics that were not subject to an in-depth analysis in the Opinion, that is, the two-sided nature of the online advertising market and whether data can be regarded as a new currency in the digital economy.

Od redaktorów prowadzących

Author(s): Michał Będkowski-Kozioł,Łukasz Gołąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Działania regulacyjne Prezesa Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego w latach 2011–2014

Author(s): Krzysztof Dyl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Nowe podejście Komisji Europejskiej do publicznego finansowania budowy infrastruktury transportowej – konsekwencje orzeczenia w sprawie Leipzig-Halle

Author(s): Stefan Akira Jarecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Transport infrastructure requires significant funding from public sources. The question therefore arises as to whether public financing of transport infrastructure constitutes state aid. The approach of the European Commission to the application of EU state aid rules to transport infrastructure investment projects has significantly changed in recent years. According to the Commission, its new approach is the consequence of the Leipzig Halle judgments. As underlined by the Commission, since the Leipzig Hallejudgement, Member States can no longer deny that the financing of any kind of infrastructure is governed by EU state aid rule provided that infrastructure is later subject to commercial exploitation. A contrario, only the financing of infrastructure that is later not commercially exploited (such as public roads, motorways not operated by a concessionaire open to general public) is in principle excluded from the applicability of EU state aid rules. The article describes the most important issues related to the current approach to the application of EU state aid rules to the public financing of transport infrastructure

Proces dopuszczania do eksploatacji pojazdów kolejowych na obszarze RP– przegląd aktualnych procedur

Author(s): Tomasz Piotr Chudziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article describes the procedure for placing into service of rolling stock (railway vehicles) on the Polish territory. It presents key matters relevant to current procedures for the placing into service of rolling stock and identifies significant differences between the various proceedings before the UTK President. These differences result in, accordingly, the issue of a permit for the use of a certain type of railway vehicle (rolling stock) or the authorization for placing into service of a TSI-compliant or non-TSI compliant railway vehicle. The article covers also the difference between the various modes of placing into service and provides a review of the documentation submitted to the UTK President. Simultaneously, reference is made to acts of EU law, in particular those of technical nature (technical specifications for interoperability), which have a significant impact on the analyzed issues.

Obowiązek utrzymania pasów przeciwpożarowych wzdłuż linii kolejowych

Author(s): Filip Dopierała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The purpose of this paper is to show the entities responsible for the maintenance of firebreaks along railway lines in the current legal system. The text presents first the legal rules applicable before 30 June 2010 and those applicable ever since. The paper continues on to present how the currently applicable legal rules are interpreted by Polish administrative courts of two instances and what is the author’s view of the entities responsible for the maintenance of firebreaks along railway lines.

Rola i funkcje regulatorów w transporcie kolejowym

Author(s): Jana Pieriegud / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The aim of this article is to analyse the role, functions and tasks of railway market regulators, both at EU and national level. Presented first are the functions of the European Railway Agency (ERA). The next part includes an overview of the scope of the functions, organizational structure and level of independence of rail regulatory bodies in some EU Member States, especially Germany. The final part of the article contains an analysis of the position and activities of the President of the Polish Office of Rail Transport (UTK President) during the period 2004–2014

Ocena wybranych zapisów wojewódzkich planów zrównoważonego rozwoju publicznego transportu zbiorowego pod względem możliwości skutecznego kształtowania oferty przewozowej w transporcie kolejowym

Author(s): Marcin Ryndziewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with selected aspects of developing attractive offers in the area of public railway passenger transport on the basis of sustainable public transport plans. The paper focuses mainly on the limitations resulting from legal provisions defining the scope of such plans. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the method of selecting transport lines, developments meant to integrate rail transport with other transport means, the tariff system and system adjustments for people with disabilities

Kontrola wdrażania dyrektyw kolejowych do systemów prawnych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE w sprawie Komisja Europejska przeciwko Republice Federalnej Niemiec w 2013 roku

Author(s): Andrzej Gola / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Półtora roku w niepewności, czyli Komisja daje szansę Deutsche Bahn.

Author(s): Anna Piszcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Zakres obowiązków informacyjnych przewoźników kolejowych dotyczących usług świadczonych w pociągu oraz możliwości przesiadek na poszczególnych stacjach na trasie pociągu

Author(s): Magdalena Mitas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Forma i prawne wymogi wobec sprawowanego przez Prezesa UTK nadzoru przestrzegania przez zarządcę infrastruktury kolejowej przepisów i realizacji decyzji oraz postanowień z zakresu kolejnictwa.

Author(s): Tomasz Godlewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Uprawnienia Prezesa Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego w zakresie nadzoru nad zawieraniem umów o udostępnienie infrastruktury kolejowej.

Author(s): Marcin Trela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Naruszenie obowiązku udzielania pasażerom informacji o ruchu pociągów.

Author(s): Monika Floriańczyk-Kardas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Bibliografia prawa transportu kolejowego w Polsce

Author(s): Łukasz Gołąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej pn. „Regulacja w sektorze kolejowym i jej sądowa kontrola”, Wrocław, 5–6 czerwca 2014 r.

Author(s): Jan Gola,Wojciech Szydło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Przepisy przejściowe ustawy z dnia 10 czerwca 2014 r. o zmianie ustawy o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów oraz k.p.c.

Author(s): Dawid Miąsik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

This paper deals with the temporal aspects resulting from the Act of 10th June 2014 amending the Act on Competition and Consumer Protection and the Code of Civil Procedure (“Amending Act”), which influence the interpretation and application of various legal institutions of the Act on Competition and Consumer Protection.

Cezary Banasiński, Dyskrecjonalność w prawie antymonopolowym, Wydawnictwo Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa 2015, ss. 600

Author(s): Rajmund Molski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015