Nowelizacja przepisów rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1371/2007 Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady dotyczącego praw i obowiązków pasażerów w ruchu kolejowym – najważniejsze projektowane zmiany

Author(s): Ignacy Góra,Karol Kłosowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

This article covers the proposed changes to the key legal act on the protection of rail passenger rights in the European Union – Regulation (EC) 1371/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on rail passengers’ rights and obligations. In 2017, the European Commission initiated a legislative process aimed at adapting the provisions of this Regulation to current economic, social and legal realities. The aim of this article is to summarize the most important changes planned in the area of the responsibility of railway undertakings, the rights of persons with disabilities, the scope of application of the provisions of the Regulation and the availability of tickets.

Nowe kluczowe rozporządzenia wykonawcze w ramach filaru technicznego IV pakietu kolejowego

Author(s): Michał Zięba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The article presents selected aspects related to the application of the technical pillar of the fourth railway package. These aspects are precisely stipulated in the two implementing regulations of the European Commission issued on the basis of Directive 2016/798 on railway safety and Directive 2016/797 on the interoperability of the rail system. The article presents the outline of the rules related to the use of the application of the One Stop Shop, the scope of the application of a single safety certificate, language issues of the application and documentation submitted to the NSA or EUAR, as well as deadlines for the processing of applications for issuing a single safety certificate and authorization for railway vehicles.

Rozporządzenie wykonawcze Komisji (UE) 2017/2177 z dnia 22 listopada 2017 r. w sprawie dostępu do obiektów infrastruktury usługowej i usług związanych z koleją – krok w kierunku zwiększenia konkurencyjności sektora transportu kolejowego?

Author(s): Anna Kutyłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The importance of providing railway undertakings with access to service facilities was indicated during the work on Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a Single European Railway Area (recast) (Journal of Laws EU L 343, 14.12.2012, p. 32, as amended). At that time, it was emphasized that in many cases the lack of access to service facilities on non-discriminatory terms for new participants leads to high barriers to market entry. The adoption of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2177 of 22 November 2017 on access to service facilities and rail-related services (Journal of Laws EU L 307, 21.11.2017, p. 1) is the continuation of the aforementioned tendency. The purpose of this Regulation is to ensure non-discriminatory access to service facilities and rail-related services for all applicants, in particular by ensuring the transparency on conditions for access to service facilities and rail related services and information on charges

Drony – przyszłość lotnictwa i wyzwanie legislacyjne. Kilka uwag o nowych regulacjach unijnych dotyczących bezzałogowych statków powietrznych

Author(s): Mateusz Osiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The dynamic development of civil aviation in recent years is symbolised by the growing popularity of unmanned aircrafts commonly known as ‘drones’. A sudden increase of interest in these devices, also among European Union citizens, became a trigger for the introduction of safety regulations concerning the design, production, maintenance and operations of drones. After long debates and preparations, the European Parliament and the Council have finally adopted a relevant legal act, namely Regulation 2018/1139 of 4th July 2018 that entered into force on 11th September 2018. This article is an attempt to assess the new legal measures against the needs of the drone market. This includes some statistics depicting the impact of the unmanned aircraft market on the development of civil aviation. The core of the paper is an overview of the newly adopted legislation on the safety of civil aviation in the European Union as well as a critical analysis of recently repealed provisions.

Mirosław Pawełczyk (red.), Rynek kolejowy. Współczesne prawne i sektorowe uwarunkowania ochrony konkurencji i konsumenta,Wydawnictwo Ius Publicum, Warszawa 2018, ss. 394

Author(s): Filip Elżanowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

Nowe technologie, Big Data i gospodarka cyfrowa: aktualne wyzwania dla prawa konkurencji (od redaktora prowadzącego)

Author(s): Grzegorz Materna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Wspomnienie o Profesor Irenie Wiszniewskiej-Białeckiej

Author(s): Anna Fornalczyk,Stanisław Gronowski,Stanisław Sołtysiński,Tadeusz Skoczny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Nagroda Honorowa CARS 2018 Wielka Sowa dla Sędziego Dr. Stanisława Gronowskiego

Author(s): Tadeusz Skoczny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Nagroda Naukowa CARS 2018 (antymonopolowa) dla Profesora Rajmunda Molskiego

Author(s): Tadeusz Skoczny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Rynek uwagi: pojęcie i wyzwania przy antymonopolowej ocenie koncentracji

Author(s): Krzysztof Kanton,Jarosław Łukawski,Szymon Murek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The article focuses on the issue of ‘attention’ paid by consumers to internet and mobile apps content, which from the economic perspective is a resource that falls short. The authors analyze attention as a commodity and present the characteristics of the markets on which it is traded. The publication indicates the challenges faced by competition authorities in assessing concentrations between entities active on the attention market – the so-called attention brokers. In the latter part of the article, the authors analyze the methodology used by competition authorities to assess concentrations between the biggest modern attention brokers. Conclusions and postulates regarding future analyses of concentrations on the attention market are presented in the summary.

Faworyzowanie własnych produktów lub usług przez dominujące platformy internetowe zintegrowane pionowo jako dyskryminacyjne nadużycie pozycji dominującej

Author(s): Artur Szmigielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The practice of favouring one’s own vertically integrated services by a dominant online platform can be assessed as an independent practice of discrimination (prohibited under Article 102 paragraph 2 point c TFEU). This does not mean, however, that a dominant undertaking has an absolute obligation to treat products or services of its trading partners equally to its own offer. Such practices should be considered abusive if they create unfavourable conditions of competition and have significant anti-competitive effects. What is prohibited by a discriminatory practice does not refer to the fact of favouring one’s own services, but to a situation where rivals are placed at a competitive disadvantage, and thus significant parameters of competition, such as innovation and consumer choice, are weakened.

Czy prawo konkurencji rozwiąże problem vendor lock-in w sektorze oprogramowania B2B?

Author(s): Piotr Semeniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Competition law is increasingly being used (so far, mainly in the US) in order to prevent the vendor lock-in problem in the B2B software sector. International academia also calls for increased activities of competition authorities in addressing vendor lock-in problems. Some business practices and contractual clauses applied by vendors in their Polish IT contracts could also be classified as an anticompetitive practice (e.g. exclusivities, tying, bundling, loyalty rebates, refusals to grant a license or to grant access to information on interoperability). Competition law in the world of IT contracts can supply buyers or competitors with arguments to challenge some of the vendors’ business practices or contractual clauses.

Technologiczne wyzwania dla antropocentrycznego prawa konkurencji na przykładzie algorytmicznego ustalania cen w sektorze e-commerce

Author(s): Marcin Mleczko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The author presents the problem of algorithmic price fixing in the context of the prohibition of anti-competitive agreements. Firstly, the basic concepts related to this subject are explained. Presented next are various types of algorithmic collusion. The core of the article contains an analysis of different ways of using algorithms based on existing case-law

Czy androidy śnią o zmowach cenowych? Algorytmy cenowe, sztuczna inteligencja i prawo konkurencji

Author(s): Michał Konrad Derdak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The article outlines the issue of undertakings’ liability for actions taken with the use (or participation) of artificial intelligence, which are in breach of the prohibition to enter into anticompetitive arrangements. Its particular focus is on the currently most important issue in this context, taking into account the experiences so far, namely the issue of using (dynamic) pricing algorithms.

Kontrola koncentracji w dobie Big Data – o przesłance jurysdykcyjnej opartej na kryterium wartości transakcji w kontekście orzecznictwa KE oraz nowelizacji austriackiego i niemieckiego prawa antymonopolowego

Author(s): Laura Skopowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

During a recent consultation of the European Commission on the assessment of the procedural and jurisdictional aspects of EU merger control, the Commission expressed significant doubts regarding its notification system based solely on a turnover criterion, which can create significant enforcement gaps while assessing acquisitions taking place in the digital and pharmaceutical markets. In the Big Data era, when databases are of increasing market importance, current jurisdictional thresholds may not be a sufficient tool to detect anticompetitive acquisitions on the digital market. This scientific article assesses whether the introduction of new criteria is justified. The article also includes an analysis of amendments made to the German and Austrian merger control procedure which introduce a new criterion of ‘consideration value’ (also referred to as ‘transaction value’) along with the turnover criterion.

Naruszenie prawa ochrony danych osobowych jako nadużycie pozycji dominującej? Postępowanie Bundeskartellamt przeciwko Facebookowi

Author(s): Iga Małobęcka-Szwast / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The article attempts to assess the main assumptions of the proceedings initiated in March 2016 by the Bundeskartellamt, the German competition authority, against Facebook, and thus answer the question whether an infringement of data protection law may constitute an abuse of a dominant position under EU competition law. In the wider perspective, the proceedings conducted by the Bundeskartellamt also raise important questions regarding the relationship between competition law and data protection law, including data protection issues in competition law, as well as the competences of antitrust authorities to assess breaches of data protection law.

Klauzule o zakazie konkurencji jako bariera rozwoju alternatywnych kanałów rezerwacji taksówek w świetle decyzji Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato z 27 czerwca 2018 r. (sprawa I801B, Taxi – Milano)

Author(s): Grzegorz Materna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

The article discusses a decision taken by the Italian Competition Authority that concerns vertical relations between taxi corporations and taxi drivers in Milan. According to the Authority’s decision, non-compete clauses for taxi drivers may have a foreclosing effect for entrants that use new technologies, and thereby create an alternative to incumbent radio taxi corporations. However, the Authority’s classification of the non-compete clauses resulted from the economic and market context in which they were used, and above all, from the fact that these non-compete clauses were used by taxi corporations that included almost all taxi drivers operating in Milan. In other economic and legal conditions, the Authority found that the effect of the investigated non-compete clauses might be different.

Maurice E. Stucke, Allen P. Grunes, Big Data and Competition Policy, Oxford University Press, 2016, ss. 368

Author(s): Marcin Mleczko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Seminarium naukowe pn. „Aktualne wyzwania gospodarki cyfrowej w sferze zwalczania porozumień ograniczających konkurencję”, Warszawa, 12 kwietnia 2018 r.

Author(s): Urszula Czarnomska-Bokowy,Paulina Komorowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

XIII Antitrust Conference „Antitrust between EU Law and National Law”, Treviso (Włochy), 24–25 maja 2018 r.

Author(s): Grzegorz Materna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018