We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The Information Age is characterized not only by new challenges, but also by a new set of criteria in defining victory. Joseph Nye, the father of the concept of soft power, observed that, in the 21st century, conflicts are more about the victory of narratives than armies. States like China or Russia, two ambitious powers, took this matter seriously, being the first to ask themselves questions about What war is and whether it is possible to win without engaging into battle? In 2003, China adopted the Three Warfare Strategy/ 3Ws, a strategy that practically reinvented the understanding of war, and by combining the three types of warfare (psychological, public opinion and legal), it helped and continues to help China meet its goals. In China’s view, this strategy represents a force multiplier, aimed at ensuring its domestic development, regional importance of the state, expansion as a global power and increasing influence at international level. The purpose of this article is to identify the origins and foundations of this strategy and the manner in which it produces effects.
More...
Bibliography: The Greek language in Bulgaria (1880 - 2000)
More...
Delivering an oral presentation requires mastery of all four language competencies. It also involves a thorough understanding of different linguistic registers and varieties. This involves focusing on non-verbal signs and gestures, with the precise aim of informing or persuading the audience. Therefore, evaluating these complex oral presentation skills can be challenging, especially if clear evaluation criteria are not established and followed through during the entire educational process.Our study aims (1) to identify an extensive educational assessment tool for oral presentation skills, and (2) to test the validity of this tool among our students during formative evaluation sessions. Our study involves two groups of university undergraduate students learning English for Specific Purposes. They are from the Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, and the Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria. Looking at the assessment intention from a communicative approach, in this research we stress the importance of the congruence between three educational stages – teaching, learning, and evaluation.
More...
This research makes a return on the notion of the competence of the oral communication on the basis of a theoretical reference which draws on the sciences of language to unveil the difficulties tarnishing its teaching - learning at the Moroccan primary school. It aims to lead a reflection on the didactical approach of the oral to emphasize its shortcomings to endow the learners with discursive capacities nevertheless perceived as essential in any didactic project envisaging the acquisition of the competence of oral communication.We postulate that to explain the limits of the didactical approach of oral currently installed in the Moroccan primary school, it is interesting to stop on the acceptance that one gives to the notion of competence of communication. Our reflection, which was carried out through an examination of the different moments of implementation of this approach, shows a tendency to reduce the didactic intervention at the level of the sentence unit without taking into account the discourse as object of teaching-learning. Consequently, the discursive dimension does not constitute an issue of the so-called approach that seems to focus only on linguistic and socio-cultural capacities.
More...
This article presents the hitherto unknown letters the Czech writer Egon Hostovský (1908–1973) wrote to the Norwegian writer, critic, essayist, editor and translator Sigurd Hoel (1890–1960). These letters date from 1949–1956 and are preserved in the National Library of Norway in Oslo. Not only do they provide interesting information about Hostovský’s efforts to publish his works in Scandinavia, but they also testify to a close friendship between the two writers. The article also presents two letters by Graham Greene (1904–1991) which are also preserved in the file containing Hostovský’s letters in the Norwegian National Library.
More...