Značaj procesuiranja govora mržnje u postkonfliktnim državama: lekcije iz Bosne i Hercegovine i lekcije za Bosnu i Hercegovinu

Author(s): Francesco de Sanctis / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Korištenje krivičnog zakona u suprotstavljanju govoru mržnje i kompatibilnost ovakve prakse sa slobodom izražavanja spadaju među najkontroverznija pitanja savremene pravne debate. Nije teško shvatiti zašto, s obzirom da se sloboda izražavanja smatra jednim od ključnih elemenata demokratije. Po navodima Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (ESLjP): “Sloboda izražavanja je jedan od osnovnih temelja demokratskog društva i jedan od osnovnih uslova za napredak tog društva i samoispunjenje svakog pojedinca... ona se ne odnosi samo na opšteprihvaćene “informacije” i “ideje”, ili samo na one informacije i ideje koje se smatraju dobronamjernim ili neutralnim, već i na one koje vrijeđaju, šokiraju ili uznemiruju. Takvi su zahtjevi pluralizma, tolerancije i slobodoumlja bez kojih nema “demokratskog društva”.

Dodatno korištena literatura

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Pravni okvir – Krivično djelo silovanja u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Haris Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U proteklim decenijama razvila su se shvatanja prema kojima postojanje prinude (sile odnosno prijetnje da će se napasti na život ili tijelo žrtve ili njoj bliske osobe) nije neophodno u kvalifikovanju nekog djela kao silovanja s obzirom na to da se odsustvo pristanka žrtve može dokazivati i postojanjem nekih drugih činjeničnih okolnosti. Ovakvo shvatanje nedvosmisleno je izraženo u Konvenciji Vijeća Evrope o sprečavanja i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (Istanbulska konvencija), koju je Bosna i Hercegovina ratificirala 2013. godine. Upravo na liniji zahtjeva postavljenih Istanbulskom konvencijom 2015. godine uslijedile su izmjene Krivičnog zakona Bosne i Hercegovine (u daljem tekstu: KZ BiH) u kvalifikacijama zločina protiv čovječnosti (član 172) i ratnih zločina protiv civilnog stanovništva (član 173) na način da konstitutivni element zločina seksualnog nasilja za vrijeme oružanog sukoba više nije nužno upotreba sile ili prijetnje izravnim napadom na život ili tijelo žrtve, odnosno život ili tijelo njoj bliske osobe. U skladu s navedenim, nepostojanje pristanka žrtve može se dokazivati i postojanjem nekih drugih odlučnih činjenica.

Sudsko odmjeravanje kazne u predmetima silovanja i drugih krivičnih djela protiv spolne slobode - analiza olakšavajućih i otežavajućih okolnosti

Author(s): Haris Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ciljevi kojima smo se vodili u pripremi za ovo istraživanja bili su usmjereni na identifikaciju problema koji se pojavljuju prilikom odmjeravanja kazne za krivična djela silovanja i druga srodna krivična djela, posebno problema vezanih za ocjenu olakšavajućih odnosno otežavajućih okolnosti, a koji, prema našem mišljenju, najizravnije doprinose neadekvatnoj politici kažnjavanja za krivično djelo silovanja i druga srodna krivična djela. Predmetom istraživanja obuhvaćene su olakšavajuće i otežavajuće okolnosti koje je sud uzimao u obzir prilikom odmjeravanja vrste i mjere kazne. U izravnoj vezi s odmjeravanjem vrste i mjere kazne su i same kazne koje je sud u konačnici i izrekao, te je izvršeno i njihovo promatranje i analiza.

The Legal Framework: Legislation in BiH on The Criminal Offence of Rape

Author(s): Haris Halilović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over the past decades, interpretations of what constitutes the criminal offence of rape have developed, and the existence of coercion (force or threat against the life or body of the victim or a person close to them) is no longer seen as necessary for qualification of this offence, given that the absence of consent can be proved through other factual circumstances. This interpretation is unequivocally enshrined in the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the Istanbul Convention), which was ratified by BiH in 2013. In line with requirements set out in the Istanbul Convention, the Criminal Code of BiH (CC BiH) was amended in 2015 and the qualifications of crimes against humanity (Article 172) and war crimes against the civilian population (Article 173) were changed, so that the use of force or the threat of direct attack against the life or limb of the victim or a person close to them is not necessarily a constituent element of sexual violence crimes during armed conflict. Accordingly, the lack of consent by a victim can be proved through the existence of other decisive facts.

Sentencing in Rape Cases and Other Crimes Against Sexual Freedom: An Analysis of The Mitigating and Aggravating Factors Applied by Courts in BiH

Author(s): Haris Halilović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Preparations for this research included a focus on identifying problems that arise in the context of sentencing decisions for the offence of rape and other related crimes, especially when it comes to the evaluation of mitigating and aggravating factors. These factors have been observed to contribute directly to inadequate sentencing for rape and related offences, and therefore, this research examined the mitigating and aggravating factors applied by courts when deciding the type and severity of sanctions. A total of 34 convictions were analysed, among which 4 judgements were for the continued criminal offence of rape (including cases where a continued rape crime was perpetrated in concurrence with other crimes), 27 were for rape crimes (including cases where a rape crime was perpetrated in concurrence with other crimes), 2 were for the criminal offense of sexual intercourse with a child (in one of these cases, this offence was perpetrated in concurrence with the criminal offence of abuse of a child or juvenile for pornography, referred to in Article 211(1) of the CC FBiH), and 1 judgement for lechery. The parts of the country, subject matter, and jurisdictions encompassed by these judgements distributed cases across the following courts: the Supreme Court of FBiH; the Appellate Court of BDBiH; the District Courts in Doboj and Bijeljina; the Cantonal Courts in Bihać, Livno, Tuzla, and Zenica; the Municipal Courts in Livno, Travnik, Tuzla, Visoko, Velika Kladuša, and Živinice; and the Basic Courts in Trebinje, Bijeljina, Modriča, and the BDBiH.

The Consequences of Gender Bias in Sexual Assault Cases: Victim Selection, Recantations, and False Allegations

Author(s): Mirela Mujagić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Gender bias affects our understanding and opinion of the world around us, particularly concerning social behavior. Specifically, gender bias refers to negative or positive judgements and/or behaviours associated with women, men, girls, and boys and extending from prevailing stereotypes in a given socio-cultural context. Gender bias can be explicit or implicit; and implicit bias develops automatically and unconsciously in a process we are all affected by, in which we assign a stereotype and/or associate a negative or positive attitude with a particular group, or with an individual associated with a group.

Pravni okvir i sudska praksa: utvrđivanje odgovornosti i dokazivanje u predmetima seksualnog uznemiravanja

Author(s): Adnan Kadribašić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Seksualno uznemiravanje je zabranjeno zakonima Bosne i Hercegovine. Danas se zbog radnji koje predstavljaju seksualno uznemiravanje može odgovarati krivično i građanski. U skladu sa postojećim zakonskim rješenjima, krivična odgovornost je predviđena Zakonom o ravnopravnosti spolova u BiH i Krivičnim zakonikom RS, dok je građanska odgovornost predviđena Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije i nizom drugih zakona, a posebno onih koji uređuju radne odnose.

Krivični postupak: Postupanje sutkinja i sudija

Author(s): Edin Buljubašić,Nenad Galić,Damir Čačković,Janja Jovanović,Mihaela Jovanović,Katica Jozak Mađar,Milanko Kajganić,Faruk Latifović,Svjetlana Milišić-Veličkovski,Olga Pantić,Mersudin Pružan,Ljiljana Stevanović,Slavica Tadić,Snežana Živković / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Svrha krivičnopravne sankcije, između ostalog, jeste zaštita i satisfakcija žrtve krivičnog djela.

Parnični postupak: Postupanje sutkinja i sudija

Author(s): Edin Buljubašić,Nenad Galić,Damir Čačković,Janja Jovanović,Mihaela Jovanović,Katica Jozak Mađar,Milanko Kajganić,Faruk Latifović,Svjetlana Milišić-Veličkovski,Olga Pantić,Mersudin Pružan,Ljiljana Stevanović,Slavica Tadić,Snežana Živković / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Cilj naknade štete je satisfakcija za žrtvu seksualnog uznemiravanja.

Prekršajni postupak: Postupanje sutkinja i sudija

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Prekršajna odgovornost poslodavca/pravnog lica za nepreduzimanje odgovarajućih mjera i efikasnih mehanizama zaštite za sprečavanje seksualnog uznemiravanja na radnom mjestu

Institucije evropske unije evropski sud pravde, komitet regiona i ecofin

Author(s): Ilir Alijaj / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Prilikom stvaranja Rimskog sporazuma, osnivači EU su smatrali da je dobro imati instituciju koja će obezbijediti njegovo adekvatno tumačenje. Zbog toga su u Luksemburgu osnovali Evropski sud pravde. To je tijelo koje od 1. maja 2004, s novim proširenjima EU, čini 25 sudija. U Evropskom sudu pravde postoji i devet tzv. opštih advokata, koji pred sudom zastupaju i obrazlažu slučajeve. Njihov mandat je šest godina, predlažu ih, kao i sudije, države članice. Predsjednik Evropskog suda pravde bira se svake treće godine. Iako sudije i advokate predlažu zemlje članice, oni su dužni da se ponašaju samostalno u odnosu na svoje države, a ne da zavise od politike koju vode njihove države. Naši sudovi nijesu samostalni i upravo zbog toga potenciram ovu činjenicu - nezavisnost sudija.

Savjet evrope i evropski sud za ljudska prava

Author(s): Ana Zec / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Savjet Evrope je prva panevropska organizacija - koja u institucionalnom smislu predstavlja preteču evropskih integracija 20. vijeka. Nalazim za potrebno da na samom početku podvučem razliku između Savjeta Evrope i Evropske unije, jer u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji primjećujemo da postoji zabuna oko toga šta je to Savjet Evrope. Najčešća nedoumica je - da li je Savjet Evrope možda organ Evropske unije, s obzirom na to da je moguće da u okviru Evropske unije postoji Evropski savjet, pa je u terminološkom smislu vrlo teško napraviti distinkciju. Odgovor je odričan. Dakle, Savjet Evrope je posebna međunarodna organizacija, nastala daleke 1949. godine, koja ima svoje sjedište u Strazburu (EU u Briselu), svoje članstvo, organe, svoj put nastanka i razvitka. U članstvu Savjeta Evrope je 46 zemalja članica, dok je sada u EU, po njenom proširenju, 25 članica. Ono što takođe predstavlja jednu značajnu razliku jeste prije svega činjenica da ulaskom u članstvo Savjeta Evrope države zadržavaju svoj puni suverenitet. S druge strane, države ulaskom u EU prenose dio svog suvereniteta na organe Evropske unije (na nivou organa EU odlučuje se o zajedničkoj monetarnoj politici, ekonomskoj politici, o bezbjednosti i mnogim drugim pitanjima). Jedina činjenica koja može da isprovocira različita mišljenja, a tiče se suvereniteta država članica Savjeta Evrope, jeste onaj momenat kada država članica Savjeta Evrope mora izvršiti presudu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, ali o tome ćemo nešto kasnije.

The Role of Precedent in International Arbitration

Author(s): Ingrid A. Müller / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given the characteristics of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution method ― among those most relevant here being the confidentiality/privacy of the procedure and party autonomy ― do previous cases have a legitimate role in deciding a dispute? And, if so, should they play an important part in the economy of the decision? Are previous awards only persuasive authority or could Arbitral Tribunals be compelled to follow the reasoning of (certain) previous arbitral awards? The answer is not clearcut. Some Arbitral Tribunals seem to give weight to the wide adoption of a certain award. Other, seem to be influenced by their own legal background (if any) in giving more or less weight to previous cases considering that civil law and common law approaches to case law are different. The applicable law, as per the parties’ choice, is an issue too. And there is also the matter of the accessibility of the awards, which depends on the type of arbitration. As a matter of public interest, for investment arbitrations there are more awards available than in commercial arbitrations (given the inherent “cone of silence” surrounding the more private latter procedure). So, which of these factors should matter more? The objective of this present paper is not necessarily to give a definite answer, but rather to raise awareness on the issue for it to be properly addressed and considered by the parties to an arbitration, beforehand.

The first reduction of the fine in the decision of the Czech Competition Authority due to the undertaking’s compliance program – a step in the right direction?

Author(s): Martin Boháček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In early September 2022, the Czech Competition Authority (Office for the Protection of Competition) for the first time in its decision-making activity reduced the fine imposed upon a competitor due to its compliance program. This is a fundamental change, as this Office has so far refused to take the compliance program into account when considering the amount of the fine. The objective of this paper is to assess what functions a compliance program can have in competition law. Another aim is to find out what the Z-TRADE's violation of competition law was, how much the fine was reduced and under what circumstances. Related to this is the research question of whether and how the Office has defined the principles for taking this program into account in its future decision-making. In order to clarify the nature of this tool, the author has asked another research question - how the Office argued in its previous decisions for refusing to take the compliance program into account. In the Conclusion, the author assesses whether the consideration of compliance in the practice of the Czech Competition Authority is a step in the right direction. The author will use the method of qualitative analysis of jurisprudence and legal literature. While examining the links between the use of compliance in the administrative penalty for violation of economic competition and in the criminal penalty, he will use the micro-comparison method.

A Computer Abusive Access Case Study Solved with Windows Registry Analysis

Author(s): Pierluigi PERRONE,Antonio SILVESTRE,Giuseppe TARASCHI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article has the aim to describe a real forensics investigation case. An employee is accused of revealing confidential company information related to a project he was working on using a company computer registered to the company domain. The accused defends himself, insinuating the doubt that it could have been anyone because his office is always open. After the seizure and acquisition of a company hard drive, the investigators want to find some evidences related the Windows system registry. In particular, the analysis will be aimed at identifying what were the energy and standby settings at the time of the seizure and if upon reactivation of the screen, the password was requested and needed to access the system.

За допустителството по ч 285 НК

Author(s): Darina Koseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The review of the judicial practice under Art. 285 of the Criminal Code determines a conclusion of limited applicability of the provision regulating the allowance as a malfeasance, the latter regulated in Section II of Chapter VIII, Special Part of the Criminal Code. The difficulties in interpretation and application of Art. 285 of the Criminal Code are explained by the specific object of the crime, the peculiarities of the official capacity of the allower (an official under Art. 93(1a) of the Criminal Code, to whom officials and non-officials are subordinate), the characteristic connection of the committed crime with the service or work of an allowee, the absence of requirements regarding the allowee to possess an official capacity, the nature of subordination and the complexity of the ideas formed in the mind of the allower. Upon examination of the legal rule, the development of the regulation of the allowance has been traced since the establishment of its composition by the provision of Art. 441 of the Criminal Code (1896) to the current version of Art. 285 of the Criminal Code (1968). Conclusions regarding the need for the existence and improvement of the legal framework have been formulated and argued.

Judicial Error in European Law

Author(s): George Marius Mara / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Because judicial activity involves a certain amount of risk, being carried out by people, the possibility of miscarriages of justice subsists in any legal system. However, hypotheses of judicial error, which essentially involve non-compliance with procedural or substantive law rules with serious consequences for citizens' rights and freedoms, impose a positive obligation on the State to repair the damage thus caused, since the State is the guarantor of an act of justice governed by the principle of fair trial. Since the activity of judges must enjoy the guarantees deriving from the principle of judicial independence, a direct action against the magistrate responsible for exercising his office with gross negligence or bad faith is not admissible. However, a subsidiary action is regulated in many European legal systems, and the possibility of triggering disciplinary liability mechanisms against the guilty magistrate can be found in any legal system. The research methods used in order to achieve this aim are the comparative method, the analytic and historical methods.

Alternativne krivične sankcije iz ugla krivičnog prava

Author(s): Dejan Đorđević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Traditionally, the basic criminal sanction is imprisonment, which is why in many legal systems the branch of law that is traditionally designated as criminal law in our country is called criminal law. If they would consider the prison sentence as the basic or dominant criminal sanction, then they could relatively easily label all other criminal sanctions as alternative. One of the more current issues of criminal law is the issue of alternative criminal sanctions. Alternative criminal sanctions mean all those sanctions that are an alternative to the penalty of deprivation of liberty and which are also followed by the penalty of deprivation of liberty as an instrument to ensure compliance with the imposed alternative criminal sanction. When it comes to criminal sanctions, in order for a certain criminal sanction to be considered an alternative, the existence of a primary criminal sanction is necessary. In the paper, we talk about the advantages and characteristics of alternative criminal sanctions, as well as divisions based on various criteria and their role in criminal legislation.

Uslovni otpust i resocijalizacija

Author(s): Edis Bajić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Conditional release is a measure that aims to "bring to an end" the process of resocialization of the offender at liberty. According to the opinion of the majority of lawyers and penologists, this process starts from the moment of initiation of criminal proceedings against that person until the last measures taken by the state in order to resocialize him. These last measures can also be final treatments in penal institutions, in other institutions if it is a question of security measures, that is, in the case of the application of some of the alternative sanctions or measures. The decision to release a person on parole is made by the Parole Commission, which functions within the Ministry of Justice. In this paper, we will point out the characteristics of parole and its significance as a legal instrument in the process of resocialization of convicted persons.