Компетентни органи във връзка с издаване на европейска заповед за запор на банкови сметки по трансгранични дела

Author(s): Radostina Nikodimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The European Bank Preservation Order, еstablished by Regulation (EU) No 655/2014, as an alternative to existing legal procedures in each EU Member State. The procedure facilitates EU debt collection and serves as an additional safeguard in cross-border debt recovery in civil and commercial matters. This statement aims to guide finding the competent authorities for issuing a European Bank Account Preservation Order. Competent authorities under the procedure for implementing Regulation (EU) No 655/2014 can be distinguished in several directions: I. Competent authorities for issuing of the preservation order; II. Competent enforcement authorities; III. Courts or enforcement authorities competent to provide remedies;IV. Competent authorities with which an appeal is to be lodged; V. Others.

Форма на пророгационното споразумение по граждански и търговски дела с международен елемент

Author(s): Kristian Raychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this scientific report is to briefly outline the main points relating to the form of the jurisdiction clause in international civil and commercial matters with regard to the arrangements contained in EU law. Part of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union has been discussed, analyzing some of the most recent rulings interpreting the legal framework.In this regard, the report provides guidance to law enforcement authorities on the basic principles and understandings that must be taken into account when assessing their international competence arising from an agreement between the parties.

Monitoring War Crimes Trials

Author(s): Vesna Teršelič,Milena Čalić-Jelić,Jelena Đokić Jović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The biggest expectations, concerning an expected response from the state institutions to crimes and political violence, are related to trials. Since the trials, from the very moment when crimes were committed, have been recognized as the only adequate response of the state legal institutions, they have been followed in public with interest and tension. We are all aware of the fact that ending investigations and then raising indictments and holding trials are complicated by the fact that proceedings are being brought against direct perpetrators and commanders who were in power not only at the time when crimes were committed, but have remained powerful even today. After more than six decades since the first trials against defendants for war crimes and crimes against humanity were held before tribunals in Nuremberg and Tokyo, it has become clear that judgements, even when they were perceived as just by the legal professionals as well as by survivors and the public, have not always brought the expected satisfaction. Social expectations related to the work of the International Criminal Tribunal for War Crimes Committed in Former Yugoslavia, established by the UN Security Council in 1993, which is getting closer to the end of its most intensive part of work and starting of a residual mechanism, as well as expectations related to processing war crimes in post-Yugoslav countries, have been realized only partially. Public opinion polls, conducted in 2006, showed that the highest number of citizens preferred war crimes trials, as sanctions for committed crimes, but the courts’ work ranked relatively low. On the scale 1 to 5, the Hague tribunal ranked on average 2.3, while domestic courts ranked 2.5 (Kardov: 119).

Praćenje suđenja za ratne zločine

Author(s): Vesna Teršelič,Milena Čalić-Jelić,Jelena Đokić Jović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Najveća očekivanja, u smislu priželjkivanog odgovora državnih institucija na zločine i političko nasilje, vezana su uz suđenja. Baš zato što su suđenja, od samog trenutka počinjenja zločina, prepoznata kao jedini pravi odgovor institucija pravne države, u javnosti ih se prati sa zanimanjem i nervozom. Svi smo svjesni da okončanje istraga i optuživanje te suđenje otežava činjenica da se postupci vode protiv direktnih počinitelja, ali i zapovjednika koji su često bili moćni ne samo u vrijeme počinjenja zločina, već su ostali vrlo utjecajni i danas.

Pregled suđenja u odsutnosti

Author(s): Milena Čalić-Jelić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Prema čl. 402. (3) Zakona o kaznenom postupku, “optuženiku se može suditi u odsutnosti samo ako postoje osobito važni razlozi da mu se sudi, a nije moguće suđenje u stranoj državi ili nije moguće izručenje ili je optuženik u bijegu ili nije dostižan državnim tijelima.” U protivnom, optuženik tijekom trajanja kaznenog postupka u pravilu mora biti prisutan jer je upravo on jedan od glavnih izvora saznanja o činjenicama koje se u postupku utvrđuju te preko njegova iskaza sud može doći do saznanja o tim činjenicama. Stoga bi suđenja u odsutnosti trebala predstavljati iznimnu mogućnost u provođenju kaznenog postupka.

Procesuiranje ratnih zločina počinjenih u Vukovaru i okolici 1991. godine

Author(s): Veselinka Kastratović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Zločini počinjeni u Vukovaru u razdoblju od početka ratnih sukoba, 26. kolovoza 1991. godine, do pada Vukovara, 18. studenoga 1991. godine, te u mjestima u okolici Vukovara, samo su djelomično istraženi i procesuirani. Unatoč činjenici da je za neka mjesta u okolici Vukovara provedena istraga, da su podignute optužnice, da su neki optuženici proglašeni krivima i osuđeni na bezuvjetne kazne zatvora, mnoga su ubojstva hrvatskih i drugih nesrpskih civila i hrvatskih branitelja, koja su se dogodila nakon okupacije, ostala neistražena i neprocesuirana. Nakon povratka mještana, za vrijeme ili nakon mirne reintegracije, nađene su neke od masovnih grobnica i saznala se sudbina nestalih osoba. Neke od žrtava do danas nisu pronađene, a počinitelji tih ubojstava ostali su neistraženi. Srodnici s pravom očekuju otvaranje istraga o počinjenim zločinima i procesuiranje počinitelja.

Zakon o oprostu

Author(s): Jelena Đokić Jović,Maja Kovačević Bošković,Marko Sjekavica / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Nakon osamostaljenja i međunarodnog priznanja, u jeku oružanog sukoba u kojemu se raspadala bivša Jugoslavija, Republika Hrvatska je (dijelom i zbog pritisaka međunarodne zajednice) preko institucija zakonodavne i sudbene vlasti odlučila dati oprost za određena kaznena djela počinjena u ratu ili u vezi s ratom. Ponajprije se to odnosilo na kazneno djelo oružane pobune. Na taj je način stvoren politički i pravni okvir za poslijeratnu integraciju srpske manjine te ponovno uspostavljanje i normalizaciju uništenih međuetničkih odnosa. Time je Hrvatska pokazala da želi mir unutar svojih granica i učvrstila svoju međunarodnu poziciju.

Third-party dispute settlement in online content moderation: a necessary compliance requirement for online platforms or a constitutional aberration?

Author(s): Tomáš Ochodek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Online platforms regulate and remove large amounts of illegal and harmful content (from content infringing IP rights to Covid-19 disinformation). Art. 18 of the proposed EU Digital Services Act Regulation (“DSA”), the most significant piece of regulation concerning online platforms, proposes a new system of “online courts” that would resolve any content-related disputes between platforms and their users. The paper discusses Art. 18 DSA (more precisely its version proposed by the European Commission, which is currently in the legislative process), the requirements it will place on dispute settlement bodies and the possible impact of these requirements on their operation and accessibility of such proceedings to users. It also briefly analyses the position of online platforms as defendants in content-related disputes and suggests changes to Art. 18 DSA that could be made to remove the identified shortcomings.

Zaključna razmatranja i preporuke

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Priručnik: Postupanje službi podrške i pravosuđa u predmetima nasilja u porodici tokom pandemije COVID-19: osvrt stručnjaka je publikacija koja je namijenjena stručnjacima u sistemu zaštite, nosiocima pravosudnih funkcija i policiji. U postupanju u predmetima nasilja u porodici ove službe su neraskidivo povezane i Priručnik to nedvojbeno pokazuje. Autori i autorice Priručnika u svojim tekstovima daju osvrt na izazove i nejasnoće u postupanju u slučajevima nasilja u porodici koju donose nerijetko neujednačene stručne prakse i tumačenja zakona. Priručnik daje doprinos stručnoj zajednici u cilju ujednačavanja praksi, postupanja u skladu sa zakonom, te adekvatnijem korištenju resursa u zaštiti osoba izloženih nasilju ali i sankcionisanju počinitelja.

Izolacija žrtve i ekstremna dominacija: strana državljanka i psihološko nasilje

Author(s): Katica Jozak-Mađar / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kazneno djelo "nasilje u obitelji" je novo kazneno djelo u kaznenom zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine. Ujedno, "nasilje u obitelji" je težak, prilično rasprostranjen društveni problem, koji je prepoznat kao oblik rodno zasnovanog nasilja kojim se krše temeljna ljudskih prava i slobode i koje šteti svima, društvu u cjelini sa najtežim posljedicama po žrtvu/oštećenu, koja ima pravo na život, dostojanstvo, slobodu, zaštitu i satisfakciju.

Literatura

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Preporuke panela: Olakšavajuće i otežavajuće okolnosti u odnosu na krivično djelo silovanja

Author(s): Adisa Zahiragić,Alen Lukač,Amela Skrobo-Kadrić,Biljana Radulovic,Duško Miloica,Jasmina Ćosić-Dedović,Lejla Konjić Dragović,Melika Murtezić,Nada Živković,Miroslav Popović,Silva Belegić-Perčinlić,Svetozar Bajić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Za razliku od kaznene politike zakonodavca za određena krivična djela koja je najčešće poznata samo stručnoj javnosti, kaznena politika sudova je poznata široj javnosti i na osnovu nje se stvara dojam o efikasnoj ili neefikasnoj zaštiti nekog pravnog dobra. Stoga je izuzetno značajno da sud prilikom odmjeravanja i izricanja kazne za krivično djelo silovanja uvažava ne samo zahtjeve specijalne prevencije već i zahtjeve generalne prevencije, i to tako što će kazna izrečena konkretnom učiniocu ovog krivičnog djela djelovati ne samo na njega da ubuduće ne vrši ovo ili slična krivična djela već i na sve potencijalne učinioce seksualnih delikata. Ovakav pristup svrsi kažnjavanja zahtijeva maksimalno zalaganje sudova u postupku odmjeravanja kazne kako bi se, na osnovu postojećih olakšavajućih i otežavajućih okolnosti, odmjerila optimalna mjera kazne koja će zadovoljiti zahtjeve i specijalne i generalne prevencije. Izrečena kazna trebala bi zadovoljiti i zahtjeve pravde i pravičnosti, odnosno morala bi predstavljati i adekvatnu satisfakciju za žrtvu krivičnog djela.

Additional Literature

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Panel Recommendations: Mitigating and Aggravating Factors Related to The Criminal Offence of Rape

Author(s): Adisa Zahiragić,Alen Lukač,Amela Skrobo-Kadrić,Biljana Radulovic,Duško Miloica,Jasmina Ćosić-Dedović,Lejla Konjić Dragović,Melika Murtezić,Nada Živković,Miroslav Popović,Silva Belegić-Perčinlić,Svetozar Bajić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Unlike the sentencing policy of the legislature for certain criminal offences, which is mostly known only to legal professionals, the sentencing policies of courts are known to the general public and serve as the basis for their impressions about how effectively the public good is being protected. Therefore, it is extremely important for judges to recognize not only special prevention requirements but also general prevention requirements at the sentencing stage in crimes of sexual violence, so that the imposed sanctions affect not only the perpetrators and act as a deterrent from future criminal acts but send a message to all other potential perpetrators of sexual offences, too. Such an approach to the purpose of sentencing requires maximum engagement by courts in the sentencing process, in order to determine optimal sanctions based on existing aggravating and mitigating factors. Any imposed sanction should fulfil both justice and fairness requirements and should adequately satisfy the victim.

Utvrđivanje građanske odgovornosti postojanja seksualnog uznemiravanja kao oblika diskriminacije

Author(s): Adnan Kadribašić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Osim Zakonom o ravnopravnosti spolova, seksualno uznemiravanje je definirano kao poseban oblik diskriminacije i Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije kao i zakonima koji uređuju radne odnose. Ovim propisima je uređena zaštita od diskriminacije u okviru parničnog postupka te će se u ovom dijelu dati osnovna obilježja i specifičnosti razmatranja ovih predmeta u parničnom postupku.

Savjet evrope i evropski sud za ljudska prava – pojam i značaj institucija u procesu evropskih integracija

Author(s): Ana Zec / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Council of Europe, the oldest political organisation on European continent, has been established in 1949. It unites 45 countries which are obliged to „accept the principle of the rule of law and respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons under its jurisdiction“ (Article 3 of the Council of Europe Statute). Any serious breach of human rights by the member states may lead to their suspension or expelling from the membership. Council of Europe establishes standards in the field of protection and affirmation of human rights, and these standards must be accepted and implemented by all member states. Council of Europe also establishes mechanism for protection of those standards:  Protection of civil and political rights through individual complaints is accomplished through mechanism provided by the European Convention on human rights (before the European Court for Human Rights);  Protection of social and economic rights is established through mechanisms of the European social charter;  Protection of rights of national minorities is accomplished through mechanisms of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities;  Protection of gender equality principles is accomplished through mechanisms of the Steering Committee for gender equality. To candidate states as well as new member states, Council of Europe provides expert assistance and supports national thriving in consolidating democratic society and implementation of Council of Europe standards; that is in compliment with the commitments which a member state has undertaken upon becoming a member. The support of the Council of Europe is realized through local field office, which operates in Montenegro since 2001. The Office realizes numerous projects relating to: reform of legislation, reform of judiciary, police reform, educational reform, development of local democracy, enhancement of free, independent and pluralistic media, fight against trafficking in human beings, corruption and other forms of organized crime.

Poglavlje 23: Pravosuđe i temeljna prava

Author(s): Boris Marić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Put evropskih integracija Crne Gore i rad na zaživljavanju vrijednosti razvijenih demokratija koje će doprinijeti uspostavljanju vladavine prava, prate i brojne predrasude. Jedna od njih je vjerovanje da će naši problemi konkretno u ovom poglavlju vezani za vladavinu prava, koju možemo posmatrati i kroz prizmu borbe protiv korupcije i organizovanog kriminala, pa i poštovanje ljudskih prava i sloboda, skoro pa nestati. Predrasuda je i da će se proces EU integracija okončati ulaskom Crne Gore u EU. Predrasuda je da ćemo samo ispunjavanjem preporuka institucije konačno izgraditi u pravcu pune profesionalizacije, depolitizacije, nezavisnosti i samostalnosti. Ali, čitav ovaj proces će nam svakako biti ljekovit i voditi ka uspostavljanju demokratskog društva odgovornih građana i građanki.

Poglavlje 24: Pravda, sloboda i bezbijednost

Author(s): Boris Marić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Često se u javnosti poglavlje 23 – Pravosuđe i temeljna prava i poglavlje 24 – Pravda, sloboda i bezbijednost poistovjećuju, ali se oni sadržajno razlikuju iako ima preklapanja u jednom dijelu. Kao posljedicu imamo mišljenje da je borba protiv organizovanog kriminala primarno u poglavlju 23, a činjenica je da će od rezultata u oblasti borbe protiv organizovanog kriminala bitno zavisiti sudbina i zatvaranje poglavlja 24. Hrvatski slučaj predstavlja slikovit i konkretan primjer.

General Jurisdiction in Civil and Commercial Matters of the Romanian Courts to Resolve Disputes with Foreign Elements under Another State of the European Union

Author(s): Alexandru Cristian Roșu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Jurisdiction is the ability established by law in favor of an authority to resolve a particular dispute that arises between two or more subjects of law. Outside the courts, the settlement of disputes can be carried out by several jurisdictions, some national and others carried out by bodies with jurisdictional powers, this solution being imposed by the specialization of certain disputes but also by the relief of the courts.

The Center of Main Interest (COMI) in Recent Case-law

Author(s): Tomáš Moravec / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with defining the Center of Main Interest (COMI) in judicial decisions at the European and national levels. The article presumes that the definition of the COMI in EU Regulation on insolvency proceedings (EIR) recast is still insufficient and the judicial body should precise the definition of the COMI. Moreover, the article supposes that the definition of the COMI is not fit for the decentralized economy. Firstly, the paper describes the definition of the COMI in EIR recast. Secondly, the article focuses on the review of case law and the evolution of the concept of COMI in judicial decisions. Finally, the paper will analyse whether the concept of COMI is convenient in the current legal framework and decentralized economy models. At the end, it will be argued that COMI looks like an adequate and rational criterion for common cross-border insolvencies. Lastly, the article also proposes the definition of COMI in the event of a decentralized economy.