Integrity and Transparency in the Work of Public Authorities. Aspects of Comparative Public Law

Author(s): Elena Emilia Ştefan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Nowadays, there are changes in citizens' perception of public sector activity. In this respect, a new paradigm seems to be emerging in public life, namely that the work of people serving the state apparatus is assessed through a threefold perspective, based on interdisciplinarity: legality-ethics-morality. The scope of the study is to analyze transparency in public administration, starting from Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents. The study aims to document the issue of transparency in the work of state activity, using the lens of several authorities such as the French High Authority for Transparency in Public Life, the National Transparency Authority of Greece, the Commissioner for Standards in Public Life of Malta and the Chief Official Ethics Commission of Lithuania. The main findings highlight that states have been concerned to establish an institution, whatever its name, with a role in ensuring transparency in public administration and fighting corruption. The composition of the work proposes a structure consisting of two main directions, national law and international law, and by means of research methods specific to law, it will highlight the idea that access to information is a human right, enshrined in law. The research contributes to the understanding of the topic from a comparative law perspective, by being aware on how legislators in different legal systems approach integrity and transparency in public administration. The analysis shows that lack of transparency can lead to mal administration. The results underline that states have put in place mechanisms to increase trust in state authorities by means of legislation and specially created authorities.

Extraterritorial Effects of Administrative Paacts in the Slovak Republic with Application to the International Driving Licence

Author(s): Tibor Seman,Miroslava Francová / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article deals with two different features of administrative acts. Specifically, these are extraterritorial effects and nullity. This combination of properties of administrative acts is specific but not rare. In the European legal area, but also outside it, this situation occurs regularly between Member States/non-Member States. It is a common but undesirable phenomenon. In the article, the authors point out the essence of both characteristics, the shortcomings in the legal order of the Slovak Republic and demonstrate the knowledge of legal science on a specific administrative act – the international driving licence. The article mainly uses scientific methods of analysis and description. The aim of the article is the analysis of the legal institutions of nullity and extraterritoriality and their interconnection. It points out the necessity of the existence of legal regulation of nullity.

Scurtă radiografie a ultimelor discrete propuneri de modificare a Legii contenciosului administrativ adoptate de Parlamentul României la finalul anului 2023

Author(s): Irina Suătean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The article analyses the most recent amendments to the Law on Administrative Procedure which were approved by the Romanian Parliament at the end of last year and are currently challenged before the Romanian Constitutional Court ahead of their entry in force. Although apparently minor, the amendments target among the most used and relevant provisions of the Law on Administrative Procedure: art. 11 (the limitation term for filing the claim), art. 14 (the stay of the enforcement of the act) and art. 15 (the request for stay through the main claim).

Pensiile de serviciu ale magistraților. Repere și perspective

Author(s): Teodor Radu Iancu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

In the context of the public debate regarding the legislative reform in the matter of magistrates' service pensions, this material aims, on the one hand, to expose a series of relevant terminological, statistical and jurisprudential benchmarks and, on the other hand, to offer some useful perspectives for the future shaping of the status of magistrates from a financial point of view.

Corelarea standardelor de calitate și etică academică în cercetarea științifică doctorală juridică

Author(s): Corneliu-Liviu Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The 4 scientific research papers (3 scientific conferences and 1 article) to be prepared and published by a doctoral student in Legal Sciences during the individual scientific research program (with a normal duration of 3 years and a maximum exceptional duration of 5 years) it must be within the theme of the doctoral thesis, otherwise the quality of the thesis may be affected, their purpose being to help the doctoral student to prepare the doctoral thesis, and not to impose to him additional research, unrelated to the topic of his thesis. The doctoral student can integrate in the doctoral thesis the results of the research or even in full the 4 scientific research papers drawn up and published during the doctoral study program, since the requirement of originality of the scientific knowledge resulting from the scientific doctorate is verified by reference to the doctoral thesis considered not isolated, but as a result of the scientific research carried out during doctoral studies. In order to comply with the prohibition of self-plagiarism, the doctoral student must: indicate in each of the 4 scientific research papers that it was drawn up within the doctoral program; cite, in the doctoral thesis, his respective scientific research papers; not to use, after obtaining the scientific title of doctor, for the purpose of pursuing a university or scientific research career, those 4 scientific research papers distinctly (in addition to the doctoral thesis). In order to respect the individuality of the doctoral thesis, as well as to avoid academic complacency or abuse, the 4 scientific research papers must have the PhD candidate as sole author, and it is all the more serious the situations in which the co-author would be the doctoral supervisor or another person having authority over the doctoral student.

Incompatibilități privind universitarii implicați în îndrumarea și verificarea activității de cercetare doctorală

Author(s): Corneliu-Liviu Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The scientific research carried out by a Ph.D. student is directed and/or supervised by the thesis director, by the thesis admission committee, by the support committee, by the committee for the public defense of the doctoral thesis and by the National Council for Attestation of University Degrees, Diplomas and Certificates. The scientific Ph.D. title is awarded following supervision, in successive stages, of the scientific quality and academic ethics of the doctoral thesis, as well as of the formal legality. To ensure that successive verifications are real and effective, and not theoretical or illusory, the people carrying them out must be impartial in the eyes of a neutral observer. Most situations of compatibility or incompatibility are expressly provided for by the legal rules in force, or arise from them by simple interpretation. Accordingly, it is incompatible for a thesis director to be a member of the thesis admission (advisory) committee, a member of the support (advisory) committee, the official rapporteur or the president of the committee for the public defense of the doctoral thesis. However, there are two situations in which the incompatibilities are subtle, and their identification requires good faith and an understanding of the underlying ratio of the law. On the one hand, a member of the support committee is incompatible with being a member of the committee for the public defense of the doctoral thesis, either as official rapporteur or as president of the committee. On the other hand, a thesis director, a member of the support committee or a member of the committee for the public defense of the doctoral thesis as official rapporteur or president of the committee, if he or she is a member of the NCAUDDC, is incompatible with sitting, in the latter capacity, on the NCAUDDC for the adoption of the decision to validate or invalidate the said doctoral thesis.

International experience in the formation of administrative procedural legislation for Ukraine

Author(s): Volodymyr Kakhnych / Language(s): English Issue: 50 (4)/2024

This article deals with the development, function, and importance of Ukrainian law governing administrative proceedings. It highlights the significance of statutory regulation in contemporary nations, especially in the relationship between public administrative agencies and private individuals or companies. The article discusses the rights and obligations involved in administrative acts, including the right to be heard, the right to assistance and representation, and to access case materials. It highlights the benefits of adopting single administrative procedure legislation, including improved decision-making efficiency and transparency, as well as the provision of a defined process for interactions between administrative authorities and natural or legal entities. It highlights the tendency of establishing generic laws or codes on administrative processes while also examining worldwide experiences with administrative procedural legislation in various nations. It analyses historical trends in Ukraine’s administrative procedural law, including the impact of its neighbors and the decision to join the European Union. Legal regulation in such legislative acts and the effects of the Austrian, American, and German administrative procedural acts are covered in the article’s conclusion.The analysis yields an overview of the importance and benefits of legislation on administrative procedures in Ukraine and internationally, highlighting the need for clear rules, consistency, and protection of rights in administrative actions.This insightful article delves deeply into the significance of legislative regulation in modern states, specifically focusing on the dynamic interaction between public administration bodies and private individuals or legal entities. It sheds light on the remarkable evolution of administrative procedural legislation that took place in prosperous countries during the latter part of the 20th century. The primary aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive insight into the formation and profound importance of administrative procedural legislation in Ukraine, while also drawing enlightening comparisons with other nations.The article emphasizes that implementing a unified law on administrative procedures brings about numerous advantages and benefits for society. These include enhanced transparency in decision-making processes, improved efficiency in administrative proceedings, and effective safeguarding of the rights and interests of both individuals and organizations. To substantiate these claims, the article draws upon global experiences and prevailing trends in the adoption of administrative procedural legislation, emphasizing its widespread presence and impact across different countries and regions.It has been established that Ukraine may benefit much from other nations’ expertise in creating trustworthy administrative systems. The General Administrative Procedure Act of the Republic of Austria (1925), the Administrative Procedure Act of the United States (1946), and the Administrative Procedure Act of the Federal Republic of Germany (1976) are found to have had the greatest influence on the creation and development of administrative procedure legislation in the 20th century.The essay focuses on the multiple advantages and benefits for society that result from the application of single legislation on administrative processes.The article explores the historical context of administrative procedural legislation in Ukraine, explaining the influences of neighboring countries and the ongoing process of European integration. It provides a comprehensive overview of the various factors that have shaped the development of administrative procedural legislation in Ukraine, underscoring the country’s efforts to align its legal framework with international standards and best practices.In conclusion, the article examines the subject and content of legislative acts concerning administrative procedures, offering insightful examples from countries such as Austria, the United States, and Germany. These countries are recognized as pioneers in administrative procedural legislation and have significantly influenced the development and implementation of such laws. By showcasing these examples, the article highlights the global significance of administrative procedural legislation and its role in shaping modern governance systems.

Carbon tax and plastic levy as examples of tributes that can have an impact on environmental protection

Author(s): Katarzyna Kopyściańska / Language(s): English Issue: 50 (4)/2024

The basic aim of this article is to examine the benefits and threats for consumers and the environment resulting from the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (hereinafter: CBAM) and Single Use Plastic (hereinafter: SUP) in the European Union. Due to the too short period of validity of the analyzed regulations, this goal can only be achieved at the level of assessment of the law in force, i.e. by comparing the assumptions of the “originators” of the analyzed regulations with the method of their implementation into Polish regulations, also comparing it with currently biding regulations, such as the CO2 emissions trading mechanism (EU ETS). Climate protection is primarily about reducing the negative impact of human activity on the atmosphere. This impact mainly involves excessive emissions of greenhouse gases into the air in the course of technological processes, such as burning coal to generate electricity. Climate change is a global problem that requires global solutions. As the EU increases its climate ambitions and as less stringent climate policies prevail in many non-EU countries, there is a risk of so-called carbon leakage. Carbon leakage occurs when EU-based companies move carbon-intensive production abroad to countries with less stringent climate policies than in the EU, or when EU products are replaced by imported products with higher carbon emissions. The EU CO2 Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) was launched in 2005. Nearly two decades later, were are witnessing the implementation of a solution that has the potential to reduce the phenomenon of “emission leakage” more than previous measures. The Carbon- Based Price Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) heralds a breakthrough tool for imposing a fair price on the carbon emitted in the production of carbon-intensive goods that enter the EU, and for encouraging cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries. The phasing-in of CBAM is aligned with the phasing out of free allocation under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) to support the decarbonisation of EU industry. Nevertheless, a key question should be asked whether CBAM actually shapes a coherent systemic framework for CO2 and whether it does not raise significant doubts regarding its compliance with international agreements binding on the European Union and its economic sense. Moreover, from 1 January 2024, a new fee for single-use plastic products will apply in Poland. The so-called “plastic tax” is another step towards reducing environmental pollution. It aims to encourage consumers to use reusable products and reduce the amount of plastic waste. The article uses the dogmatic-legal method, taking into account current literature and applicable legal regulations.

Realizacja prawa do obrony przez oskarżonego podczas zdalnego uczestnictwa w rozprawie

Author(s): Szymon Staszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50 (4)/2024

The participation of the accused in the trial during criminal proceedings is undoubtedly an important part of their exercising this right. During a trial, the accused will not only have the opportunity to give his explanations, but can also actively participate in the course of the trial and have the opportunity to learn directly about the content of the evidence taken. The recent COVID-19 pandemic-related amendment to the criminal procedure introduced new measures for the defendant’s participation in the trial by means of technical devices, so that the defendant’s participation in an on-site trial will not be necessary in every situation. The new provisions have largely received criticism from legal scholars and commentators. They often cite that these novel instruments introduce disproportionate restrictions on the accused’s right of defense and the principle of directness. They are significantly reduced with participation by means of technical devices. Legal writers are particularly interested in, and express most reservations towards, the issue of the code allowing remote hearings in a situation where the accused is deprived of liberty for reasons not related to the ongoing proceedings. There are reasonable doubts about whether it does not unduly restrict the defendant’s rights in the criminal process. The present work primarily uses the method of interpretation of provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and laws, in particular the Code of Criminal Procedure. In addition, literature and judicial decisions pertaining to the subject matter concerned are analysed to draw conclusions and make de lega ferenda postulates.

ADMISIBILITATEA ACȚIUNII ÎN CONTENCIOS ADMINISTRATIV

Author(s): Natalia Saitarli / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

One of the conditions for the efficiency and legality of the activity of public authorities is the correct application of legal norms in their activity. Otherwise, according to art. 53 of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the person injured in his right by a public authority, through an administrative act or by not resolving a claim within the legal term, is entitled to obtain the recognition of the claimed right, the annulment of the act and the reparation of the damage. Therefore, any control carried out over the activity of public authorities should be well stipulated by legal norms in order not to affect the rights of natural or legal persons.

Wyrok Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Szczecinie z dnia 19 lipca 2023 roku (I SA/Sz 250/23)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50 (4)/2024

The perpetual confusion between retention money and delay damages under Government Decision No. 1/2018

Author(s): Cristian Răzvan Rugina / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

The standardised contractual conditions approved by H.G. 1/2018 include, besides the amounts withheld from the contractor as performance guarantee, and those withheld as delay damages, a third category of “retentions”, which, due to the inappropriate terminology used to describe them, creates in the practice of construction law some divergences regarding their modus operandi. The article analyses the various types of "retentions" identified in the standardised contractual conditions approved by H.G. 1/2018, trying to clarify their origin and legal nature from the perspective of Romanian law.

The ascertaining document and its effects. Consequences and practical issues, with particular focus on infrastructure

Author(s): Adina-Maria Enache,Carolina-Andreea Mitea / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

In the context of major road infrastructure projects in Romania, a noticeable surge in the issuance of ascertaining documents by contracting authorities, particularly those with negative implications, has been observed. Consequently, we deemed it essential to undertake an in-depth analysis of the distinctive features characterising these documents, as revealed in public procurement practice. Commencing with overarching considerations, our examination delves into specific issues, including the potential impact of a negative document issued for non-compliance with obligations during the design phase on a contractor's future participation in procurement procedures, especially when the contractor, as a member of a joint venture, bears responsibilities related to the execution phase within the context of a design and execution of works contract. The foundation of this article rests primarily on the 2023 case law of the European Court of Justice, complemented by insights from national courts and the National Council for Solving Complaints.

Facilitating legal pathways for construction legitimisation

Author(s): Raluca Chelaru / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

In Romania, construction activities are strictly regulated and can only proceed upon securing a building permit (in Romanian, "autorizație de construire") from local authorities. This permit ensures compliance with legal standards on location, design, and intended function of the future construction. Before seeking this building permit, specific procedures need to be followed, which vary based on land type (urban or rural) and its designated use (agricultural or industrial).The building permit in Romania follows a series of steps that must be meticulously completed. This includes acquiring the urban planning certificate, securing necessary endorsements and approvals from various authorities (as outlined in the urban planning certificate or mandated by law), and submitting comprehensive technical documentation for the intended construction.

Work crimes in issuing a construction authorisation

Author(s): Bogdan Bărbuceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

Social relationships are the generic legal object of work crimes. These relationships are meant to sustain the smooth running of the activities of public authorities, as well as the legal interests of individual and legal entities including those functioning in constructions. Construction Law, which is a branch of Law, must offer protection of social relationships regarding the security of erecting buildings by respecting the existing norms. Unfortunately, there are situations in which the public servant himself, who is supposed to respect the law, breaks its provisions in the process of issuing a construction authorisation and creates a state of danger for social security, thus placing himself in the area of criminal law by committing work crimes in this activity. In order to diminish the occurrence of this situation, a continuous thorough examination should be done both theoretically and in practice. This could help us identify the possibility of improving the provisions for incriminating norms so that this activity could be run under legal conditions and full security for the citizen in the context of an ever increasing personal and general interest in construction development.

Business Mediation in the Framework of EU-Law

Author(s): SENSBURG Patrick Ernst / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Mediation and all methods of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) are more and more in the focus of the European Union. Since the mediation directive from 2008 the EU tries to promote and harmonise ADR not just in cross-border disputes but also strengthen it in all member states. Especially in disputes in business law, mediation is the method of choice to solve conflicts. With the directive on consumer alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and the regulation on consumer online dispute resolution (ODR), the EU underlines this target. On 17 October 2023, the European Commission issued a package of documents to revise the system of alternative and online dispute resolution. The package contains two legislative proposals that amend the ADR directive and repeal the ODR regulation. The objectives of the revision are to make the ADR framework fit to the digital markets by covering all categories of disputes concerning EU consumer rights. At the same time, the role of the European Consumer Centre’s in helping consumers in cross-border disputes should be strengthened. As an example of the support for mediation on EU level, the new Mediations Centre of the EUIPO will be highlighted at the end of the article. As a result, it can be stated that the EU is creating a space for mediation at all levels, which should be used especially in business mediation.

Uwagi o regulacjach dotyczących reklamy infl uencerskiej

Author(s): Aleksandra Wrońska-Szymkowiak,Agnieszka Staszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 114/2023

Contestație decizie de invaliditate privind recalculare pensie de invaliditate. Lipsă dovadă calitate asistent personal al reclamantei. Lipsă calitate procesuală activă. Inadmisibilitatea formulării apelului de către persoana bolnavă

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Acțiunea cu care a fost sesizată instanța a fost formulată de reclamantă în contradictoriu cu Casa Județeană de Pensii ... Din conținutul acțiunii rezultă că ... a formulat acțiunea în nume propriu. Aceasta a menționat că este mama bolnavului ... și asistent personal al acestuia, încadrat în grad de handicap permanent. În conținutul acțiunii se contestă două decizii privind recuperarea sumelor încasate necuvenit cu titlu de prestații de asigurări sociale și alte drepturi prevăzute de legi speciale. Acțiunea a fost formulată de un specialist în domeniul dreptului, respectiv de un avocat, motiv pentru care nu se poate considera că din cauza lipsei de cunoștințe juridice reclamanta nu a înțeles cum se formulează o acțiune. De asemenea, răspunsul la întâmpinare/completarea acțiunii este formulat de reclamantă, ca mamă a bolnavului încadrat cu gradul I de invaliditate și însoțitor al bolnavului. Prin încheierea din 12.12.2023 s-a pus în discuție excepția lipsei calității procesuale active a reclamantei având în vedere că cererile sunt formulate în nume propriu. Instanța a întrebat dacă cererile sunt formulate în considerarea calității de reprezentant legal sau convențional al bolnavului. Avocatul, reprezentantul convențional al reclamantei, a solicitat respingerea excepției invocate, având în vedere că reclamanta a formulat cererea de chemare în judecată în calitate de mamă și de însoțitor. Prin urmare, instanța a pus în discuția părților excepția de fond ce privește o neregularitate a acțiunii. Considerentele hotărârii primei instanțe explică în detaliu consecințele calității de reclamant, subiect activ al raportului juridic litigios dedus judecății, precum și calitățile de asistent personal al unei persoane bolnave sau de însoțitor al unei persoane ce suferă de o boală psihică și care este încadrată în grad de invaliditate. Aceste două calități, aceea de asistent personal și aceea de însoțitor, nu oferă calitatea de reprezentant legal sau convențional al persoanei bolnave ce suferă de o boală psihică. Dacă reclamanta ar fi intenționat să introducă acțiunea în numele persoanei bolnave, deci în calitate de reprezentant al acestei persoane, ar fi indicat această persoană ca reclamant, mai ales în condițiile în care cererea de chemare în judecată a fost formulată de avocat. Este avut în vedere răspunsul reclamantei care a înțeles să menționeze prin avocat că formulează acțiunea în calitate de însoțitor și de mamă a bolnavului. Considerentele expuse în hotărâre sunt corecte, sunt explicate în raport cu dispozițiile legale aplicabile în speță, respectiv art.36 Cod procedură civilă, art. 80 Cod procedură civilă și art.194 Cod procedură civilă. Persoana invalidă nu a avut nicio calitate la instanța de fond, iar acesta a declarat apel, prin urmare apelul declarat de acesta este inadmisibil. Cu privire la încălcarea dreptului la un proces echitabil și încălcarea principiului contradictorialității, drepturi garantate de art.6 Cod procedură civilă și art.6 din CEDO, se reține că reclamanta a beneficiat de asistență juridică prin reprezentant convențional, iar instanța nu poate asigura servicii juridice în considerarea situației de fapt specială din prezenta cauză, decât în limita prevăzută de lege pentru exercitarea rolului activ. Instanța nu poate schimba reclamantul din cererea de chemare în judecată, chiar dacă reclamanta nu a formulat pretenții proprii. Chiar dacă actele de procedură au fost îndeplinite pe numele lui ..., cadrul procesual este delimitat prin cererea de chemare în judecată.

Suspendarea de drept a raportului de serviciu al unui funcționar public, în conformitate cu prevederile art. 513 litera l) coroborat cu art. 465 litera h) din O.U.G. nr. 57/2019 privind Codul administrativ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

În conformitate cu prevederile art. 513 alin. (1) lit. l) și art. 465 lit. h) din Codul administrativ, raportul de serviciu al funcționarului public se suspendă de drept în situația în care s-a dispus trimiterea sa în judecată pentru săvârșirea unei infracțiuni dintre cele prevăzute la art. 465 lit. h) C.adm., și anume infracțiuni contra umanității, contra statului sau contra autorității, infracțiuni de corupție sau de serviciu, infracțiuni care împiedică înfăptuirea justiției, infracțiuni de fals ori a unei infracțiuni săvârșite cu intenție care ar face-o incompatibilă cu exercitarea funcției publice. În cazul trimiterii în judecată pentru săvârșirea unei infracțiuni de serviciu sau de fals, cum este în situația de față, raportul de serviciu al funcționarului public se suspendă de drept, prin urmare, angajatorul doar ia act de această situație, constatând suspendarea de drept a raportului de serviciu, instanța neavând posibilitatea de a aprecia asupra oportunității suspendării de drept a raportului de serviciu, putând doar verifica condițiile de legalitate, și anume dacă se verifică în cauză situația legală care determină suspendarea de drept a raportului de serviciu, în speță, fiind incidentă situația prevăzută de art. 513 alin. (1) lit. l) și art. 465 lit. h) din Codul administrativ, și anume trimiterea în judecată a reclamantului pentru infracțiuni dintre cele menționate la art. 465 lit. h) din Codul administrativ. Susținerea recurentului-reclamant că acest caz de suspendare nu ar fi incident în situația sa întrucât în dosarul nr. […]/3/2022 nu s-a dispus începerea judecății, cauza aflându-se în etapa camerei preliminare nu prezintă relevanță din perspectiva cerințelor legale prevăzute de 513 alin. (1) lit. l) și art. 465 lit. h) din Codul administrativ, întrucât, pentru a interveni suspendarea de drept a raportului de serviciu, este suficientă trimiterea în judecată pentru infracțiuni dintre cele enumerate la art. 465 lit. h) C.adm. or, trimiterea în judecată se realizează prin emiterea rechizitoriului, ce constituie actul de sesizare a instanței.

Anulare act administrativ. Certificat de neîncadrare în grad de handicap. Obligativitatea aplicării normelor privind criteriile medico-psiho-sociale. Lipsa discriminării. Inaplicabilitatea dreptului Uniunii Europene

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Norma este clară și neechivocă în sensul condiționării încadrării în grad de handicap a persoanei care suferă de patologia respiratorie de debutul precoce al acesteia, respectiv până la 26 de ani. Rolul instanței de judecată este acela de a interpreta și aplica norma de drept în vigoare, nu acela de a ignora sau crea o normă juridică nouă prin înlăturarea celei existente sau interpretarea în sensul inaplicabilității. În măsura în care reclamantul recurent apreciază o normă legală inclusă într-o lege sau ordonanță de Guvern ca fiind neconstituțională, calea procedurală ce poate fi urmată este cea a excepției de neconstituționalitate. Similar, în cazul în care nelegalitatea derivată dintr-un pretins caracter discriminatoriu privește un act administrativ normativ, respectiv a Ordinul nr.762/31.08.2007 al MMFES și Ordinul nr. 1992/19.11.2007 al MSP, această critică trebuie să ia forma unei acțiuni în anularea acestora. Normele de drept comunitar invocate de către reclamantul recurent garantează principiul nediscriminării prin raportare însă la dreptul comunitar în vigoare și nu pot fi aplicate generic, ci doar cu privire la relațiile sociale în care există un drept material al UE. Or, materia în discuție în cauză, respectiv încadrarea sau nu a unei anumite afecțiuni în grad de handicap nu este reglementată la nivel comunitar.