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Rozmieszenie automatycznych defibrylatorów zewnętrznych w kontekście występowania ryzyka nagłego zatrzymania krążenia na terenie województwa zachodniopomorskiego

Author(s): Maria Adamczyk,Tomasz Zalewski,Apoloniusz Kurylczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2018

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the cardiovascular system suddenly stops. The probability of this condition increases with age and depends on risk factors and prophylactic factors. Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation can significantly increase the survivability of victims after cardiac arrest. Earlier defibrillation is observed in places with easy access to the defibrillator (AED). Hourly availability and the number of AED devices in the cities of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in relation to the risk of SCA occurrence is insufficient. To facilitate the location of defibrillators, mark them in accordance with ILCOR recommendations and allow 24-hour access to devices. Creation and providing a uniform integrated accessibility system for the whole of Poland can have an impact on increasing survivability in health and life threatening situations in Poland.

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Innovation in counteracting insurance fraud

Author(s): Anna Bera / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1/2018

The subject of this article are insurance crime and instruments to counteract them. Insurance fraud covers both criminal offenses and economic crimes, whose common feature is that they infringe the interests of the insurance sector, regardless of their source. Only in the U.S. and UK alone, the losses resulting from insurance frauds are run in billions. Insurance fraud is a complex phenomenon with complicated phenomenology and etiology. The study focuses on innovative instruments for counteracting insurance fraud. The research process required the application of the following research methods and techniques: literary critical analysis, desk research method, observation, qualitative methods, and techniques of graphic presentation of the research results.

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The role of the education system in the development of human capital in the hospitality industry in Poland

Author(s): Anna Tokarz-Kocik / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1/2018

One of the main problems of vocational education is to adapt school education to the changing needs of the labour market. This article characterizes the current Polish system for training personnel for the needs of the hospitality industry as well as presents employers’ expectations in that respect. The article constitutes the result of literature studies and an analysis of available secondary data on the analysed issue.

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Social assessment of the neighbourhood services in the urban area Żydowce in Szczecin (Poland)

Author(s): Natalia Sypion-Dutkowska,Małgorzata Karwan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2/2018

Satisfying social needs with an appropriate level of services is an important element of the quality of life in every settlement (village, urban district, neighbourhood). The neighbourhood services satisfy the basic everyday needs of the residents of a given residential area, which is covered by their range of influence. One of the methods used to assess the social assessment of this type of services is the direct interview. Based on the conducted direct surveys the level and quality of offered neighbourhood services, requiring improvement of them, and missing services in the urban area Żydowce in Szczecin were identified.

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Сурогатното майчинство – предизвикателство към законодателството на Република България

Author(s): Lidiya Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

Surrogate motherhood is a modern socio-economic phenomenon that needs legal regulation in the Republic of Bulgaria. This article presents the generally accepted view of it and the differentiated types of surrogacy. With the comparative method, the legislative approach to it was analysed in the countries of the European legal family and beyond. Finally, is presented position in the Republic of Bulgaria.

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CIVIL SOCIETY: A MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF THE STATE OF LAW

Author(s): Cătălina Szekely / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The state of law represents a desideratum of the modern society, to which one relates whenever they claim rights and freedoms or respect the obligations that come with these rights and freedoms. The state of law knows various developments in different legal systems, as each society comes with its own particularities, but the fundamental principles are the same everywhere. When the state, through its representatives, shows signs of deviating from these principles, civil society manifests as a mechanism to ensure a healthy legal state, a mechanism whose strength can determine the very development of the state of law.

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MEASURES TO LIMIT THE PERSONAL FREEDOMS OF MINORS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Dragos Lucian Radulescu,Delia Mihaela Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The legal norms in the matter of the superior interest of the minors impose specific obligations of the parents, established in order to ensure the optimal conditions for the upbringing and education.However, the taking of protective measures against minor children is not a matter for parents only, as exceptional situations require the restriction of individual rights in order to protect collective rights, through administrative acts issued by the competent bodies. In this context, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the functioning mechanisms of the European Union have made it possible to take measures to limit the spread of the relatively common virus in the Member States, both in the main field of public health and in the economic or social field. The article discusses the legal basis of measures to limit the effects of the Covid pandemic, elements of judicial practice, notions related to the best interests of minors, non-discrimination.

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Labour-law Basic Terminology Based on the Polish Labour Code

Author(s): Agnieszka Rzepkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper discusses two approaches to compiling lists of labour-law basic terminology (BT): a frequency-based approach and a concept-based one. The purpose of the paper is to compare each of the methods based on two sets of basic terminology selected in accordance with them. Using the first method, terms are selected via an automatic search of keywords and terms and organised according to frequency with the use of Sketch Engine. The second means of term extraction is a concept-based approach in which terms are selected based on the table of contents of the Polish Labour Code, which, for the purposes of the study, is assumed to outline the terminological system of Polish labour law. The results of this research are reviewed from the viewpoint of terms’ frequency, the number of words they consist of, systemic relations between terms in the labour-law terminological system, and potential users and their needs. This has allowed the author to draw a few conclusions as to the characteristics of the approaches taken, and the applicability and usefulness of lists of BT compiled on their bases.

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Administracyjna „legislacja covidowa” w świetle zasad tworzenia prawa

Author(s): Maciej Szmigiero / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34 (2)/2021

This paper evaluates Polish administrative legislation aimed at counteracting infections and a more effective fight against COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This legislation is also a response to the inevitable negative social and economic effects. It takes the form of draft laws prepared by the Council of Ministers or normative acts issued by the government administration. These acts are referred to as “Covid legislation”. The broad understanding of administrative legislation presented in the article covers the procedures for drafting laws submitted to the Sejm by the Council of Ministers, regulated by the provisions of the Act of 8 August 1996 on the Council of Ministers and by Resolution No. 190 of the Council of Ministers of 29 October 2013 – Rules of Procedure of the Council of Ministers. In this context, the author analyses the procedure for the preparation of the draft law of 2 March 2020 on special solutions related to the prevention of, counteracting and combating COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the crises caused by them. The “Covid legislation” created by the government administration – both in the form of regulations and draft laws – focused many dysfunctions, which include the hasty and chaotic creation of government documents, frequent changes to regulations resulting from their underdevelopment, violation of the principles of correct legislation, including disregard to the element of social participation in the law-making process, or creation of the “law of the spectacle”. The phenomenon is exacerbated by the quick adoption of laws by the parliament, often devoid of much reflection. The urgency of creating legal regulations in the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic and their incidence is only a partial justification for the dysfunctions identified. The changes in the legislative procedure proposed by the author, involving the establishment of a fast-track government legislative path, which, however, does not rule out a broader evaluation of draft laws, may constitute a small, though important element in the necessary improvement of law-making standards.

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ПРОИЗХОДЪТ НА REGULAE IURIS: МАКСИМАТА “PACTA SUNT SERVANDA”

Author(s): María Etelvina De las Casas León / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The jurists of the late Republican period, under the influence of the Greek dialectics, formulated certain principles or rules across the generalization of decisions to which they had come across the study of particular cases. They were trying to solve the cases that were appearing ignoring any type of rules or rather without knowing that across some of these decisions they were constructing rules that would come to the present day. Along this work there will be studied the origin and evolution of the roman regulae iuris, where the jurists, without realizing elaborated a corpus of rules that have been and are used not only for the juridical classifications of the Civil Law, but also of the Common Law.

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OBLIGATIO, SOLUTIO, SATISFACTIO ET PROBATIO

Author(s): Maria Lurdez Martines De Morentin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Starting from a general vision of Roman law regarding obligations, this article analyzes the relationship between the exact fulfillment of the former and the creditor satisfaction. In addition, based on the sources, some personal reflections are made as for the procedural claim in case of non-compliance, the payment made after the litis contestatio, and a review of the means of proof in the Roman private process in the Italian doctrine.

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SOLIDARITY LIABILITY IN THE EVENT OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS

Author(s): Dragos Lucian Radulescu,Delia Mihaela Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The patrimonial liability is the most common form of liability, being attracted in case of non-compliance with the legal norms, in order to protect the social values indispensable for the normal functioning of a company. Legal employment relationships are one of the most common areas in which joint and several liability is applied, namely in the case of work accidents resulting in personal injury to employees, which can cause them including permanent disabilities and can be caused by deficiencies in specific equipment used, as well as the lack of effective training in the field of labour protection. Establishing guilt and attracting civil liability is done in relation to the concrete conditions of the accident, the duties of employees according to job descriptions, but also the concrete actions they performed during the program or in connection with work duties. The article presents the applicability of the legal norms in the matter of civil liability to a practical case in which the courts have held joint and several liability of employees and employers in case of accidents at work, referring to the legal conditions to be met, with implications in criminal law.

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INDIVIDUAL, EMPLOYERS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR

Author(s): Dana Volosevici,Dragoş Grigorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper aims to analyze the idea of social solidarity from the perspective of legal constraints that characterize the labor relations between employees and employers and the growing need for community involvement of organizations. Therefore, the concept of citizenship-oriented behavior of organizations (OBSs) and the legal concept of subordinating employees to organizations will be at the center of attention. The first part of the article will be about defining the human being through the occupation or profession he chooses to practice (homo faber), we are what we work, and advance to the social dimension of any economic activity, and the second part will analyze these ideals such as altruism, solidarity or prosocial behavior, from the perspective of legal regulations in the labor code that emphasize the subordination of employees to employers who at least at first discourage the assumption of a civic dimension aimed at citizenship of employees. suggested possible solutions to improve these legal relations so that values such as solidarity are more present in the contractual relations between employees and employers in various social or economic contexts.

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THE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY – THE PREMISE OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN PRISONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Crina-Bianca Vereș / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Internationally, human rights law guarantees an universal right to the highest achievable and mandatory standard of health and obliges the governments to take measures to prevent threats to public health and to provide medical care to those who need it. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to rip through prisons across the world, and some excessive measures imposed by governments to prevent the spread of the disease have led to human rights violations. If one would take into account Romania’s persisting problems of overcrowding and poor hygiene conditions in prisons, it is required to highlight how the lack of transparency in public institutions has an the impact on the prison environment during the pandemic. The paper suggests that there is a link between the way the prison life is perceived and the lack of compliance of national measures with generally binding standards regarding human rights imposed internationally.

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Социално-законодателни мерки и инициативи за справяне с безработицата в България (1944–1948)

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

This publication is an attempt for an objective analysis of the nature and mechanisms of social policy pursued by the government in terms of emloyment and tackling unemployment in the period between 1944–1948. The publication discusses various social and legislative measures and initiatives setout by the government, as they are outlined key features of the social policy of great social importance in overcoming one of the main social risks in Bulgarian society during that period. Presented the specifics characterstic of the sistem in different stages of its chronological development, it is displayed as positive guidelines, as well as negative consequences in the context of the interaction between social policy, the economy and the labor market.

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Доброволчеството като механизъм за професионална реализация

Author(s): Krastina Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The paper discusses the issues of professional realization at the career beginning and the volunteering’s opportunities to support this process.Differenet definitions of volunteering worldwide are presented and key volunteering characteristics are drawn. Presented are also the difference between volunteering and internships programs within the focus of formation of skills for professional development. The volunteering advantages in case of career change or return to the labour market are outlined.

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Religious Jurisdictions and Pluralization of Legal Adjudication in Modern Romania

Author(s): Emanuel Tăvală / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The ecclesiastical courts of Wallachia and Moldavia had a rich activity especially in the field of family law, heritage and even criminal law. They have a long history since the 14th century and they are still active in modern Romania. They function on the basis of the autonomy principle and they were contested in their rationae personae and rationae materiae activity. We present here some cases and court decisions which actually recognize the existence and the competence of these courts, which are a sign of legal pluralism.

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Ergon w erze antropocenu i nowe pytanie o bogactwo

Author(s): Bernard Stiegler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

This article endeavours to rethink wealth and the meaning of work (understood not only as ponos, but also as ergon), in the context of the Anthropocene. It is argued that only through redefining work it is possible to safely overcome the limitations of this age. As the article proves, the Anthropocene is in fact the Entropocene: an age in which the biosphere is confronted with a sudden and mass increase of entropy in each dimension of life on Earth. In order to resolve this threat, the transformation of knowledge and skills is essential. These qualities are, arguably, capable of producing negentropy, that is, the way through which human beings produce artificial organs that enhance the world in its technological (and not biological) dimension. Therefore, negentropy is discussed as an adequate alternative to the economic models that fail to respond to the dynamics of the Anthropocene/Entropocene.

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ПРИНЦИПЪТ ADVERSUS FISCUM USUCAPIO NON PROCEDIT И ПРИДОБИВАНЕТО ПО ДАВНОСТ НА BONA VACANTIA

Author(s): Alfonso Agudo Ruiz / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the present investigation is the analysis of the principle adversus fiscum usucapio non procedit established in Severo’s time, whose origins go back to the republican time at least, as well as the different proceeding of the bona vacantia which belong to the Treasury, for which the usucapio is accepted if they are not requested or claimed yet.

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PROPRIETAS, POSSESSIO И ACTIO PUBLICIANA

Author(s): Margarita Fuenteseca / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The author assumes that the organization of the family group is a priority topic for understanding the history of ownership. Dominus is mentioned in connection with domus, from which derives the concept of dominium (as power), which was transformed into the meaning of property at the end of the Republic. The domus is the main axis of the family community (familia) as a community of people organized under the authority of the paterfamilias and as a property community.

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