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Речеви стратегии и пандемията от COVID-19

Author(s): Gergana Dacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The interest in monitoring and analyzing the speech messages in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is due to two hypotheses related to the responsible Bulgarian institutions, some medical workers and media. The first is that they do not have enough knowledge and skills to select and direct useful and correct information in crisis situation. The second hypothesis is that they do not present appropriate mechanisms for the formation of socially useful behavior in moments of required mass mobilization in a certain direction. I look for a reason for both hypotheses in the media messages related to the pandemic. That is why in this article I make the comparison between two French and two Bulgarian newspapers, as the excerpted material was taken only within one day, something like a snapshot. The comparison shows that the French have a unified speech strategy for reaching the reader and forming public opinion, while in the Bulgarian ones it is partially or completely absent.

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Калки от френски в българската фразеология

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper traces the long-term influence of the French language on the formation of Bulgarian phraseology. Distinct periods during which the French influence on Bulgarian is especially strong are analyzed. Hypotheses of individual scholars about the calquing of French phrasemes both in Bulgarian and internationally are commented on. Idioms, conventional metaphors and metonymies, loan translations of verb paraphrases, and other types of collocations are discussed. Since the French influence is both literary and oral in Bulgarian from the National Revival Period to the present day, both slang and colloquial expressions based on the French model are used. Through a comparative study of a translation done during the Revival, an attempt is made to outline the specifics of borrowing in the field of phraseology in the years before the Liberation.

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Актуальные темы исследований в сопоставительной филологии в современном Казахстане

Author(s): Moldir Alshaynbaeva,Darina Amanbekova,Merey Balabekova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The topicality and importance of the problems associated with comparative linguistics constantly draws the attention of linguists to the issues of studying the lexicon and concepts of foreign language origin. This article deals with current topics of doctoral dissertation research in modern Kazakhstan. The impact of this article is determined by the possibility of using the information contained in it for further research on the issues of linguistic convergence, the study of integration and adaptation of foreign words, identifying conceptual fields of “richness” and “poverty” concepts, as well as the study of sacral concepts in comparative linguistics.

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Функционален подход при конструиране на система от упражнения по български език в средното училище (с оглед на обучението по български език в страната и в чужбина)

Author(s): Angel Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This article provides an overview of existing in the scientific space theses, ideas and classifications (from the general didactic, linguistic and methodical point of view) of the types of exercises constructing the technology of the Bulgarian learning process. It is suggested a systematization of the exercises from a functional point of view corresponding to the contemporary sociocultural and educational realities – exercises for realization of cognitive educational goals, exercises for realization of functional educational goals, exercises for realization of axiological educational goals. The system is an effective instrument for achieving the goals of Bulgarian language training organized in the country and abroad.

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Другата руска тройка. Случаят Достоевски

Author(s): Lyudmil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This text attempts to trace a hidden archetype in nineteenth-century Russian literature and how it works in Dostoevsky. As much as there is a lot of space in the metaliterature of the Russian troika, understood as a horses driving and its symbolic metamorphosis of a bird-trio in Gogol, the emphasis here is on the topic, which I can call the “other Russian troika (trio)”. It is about the presence of an almost sacred three-dimensional character, who at one point is attacked and overturned against his presumption of holiness by a fourth demonological hero and a serious battle for his re-sacralization is imminent. Set by the three Baroque witches in Shakespeare's “Macbeth”, led by Hekate, this model was first tested in nineteenth-century Russian literature by Pushkin in “A Tale of Tsar Saltan”, and then in two stages, feminized and masculinized, developed by Dostoevsky in “The Idiot” and “The Karamazov Brothers”, respectively, and finally finds its triumphant ending in Chekhov's “Three Sisters”, whose character system parodies that of “The Idiot”. Why is Dostoevsky such an important link in the listed paradigm?

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Идентичността като пребиваване в Другия

Author(s): Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article focuses on Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient, which deals with the issues of identity, belonging to the nation, family, community, friends. According to the ideas of the text, the realization through the Other, the care of the person whom you “flowed into”, whose soul has become more important than family and homeland, is the empathy that is necessary to overcome pain, war, loss and boundaries. The time in the novel unfolds in a specific historical period, against the backdrop of one of the most tragic episodes of the twentieth century, yet the culturological context of The English Patient includes the Antiquity and Renaissance art, history and music, fine arts, as well as the European prose of the XIX century. By shaking the idea of national priorities, the narrative, shows that the history of European civilization is irreducible to simply war and destruction.

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Медицински конотации в понятието „криза“

Author(s): Iveta Tasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper attempts to show how medical terminology and medical connotations mark concepts that later become central to philosophical, cultural, political, and social discourse. In this case, the chosen concept is the notion of crisis, which has been central to medicine since antiquity, has marked with meanings all subsequent epochs, and has become significant for our entire modernity. In short, it shows how medical connotations carry over to unrestricted uses in the broader context of language, and the concept of crisis is open to uses of different orders and in diverse contexts. To arrive at the conviction that its use as a metaphor for states of decline, failure, degeneration, ruin prevails. It is said to be a crisis, but as in medicine, it refers to deterioration.

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Новата парадигма в медицината

Author(s): Julia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

From the antiquity to nowadays the connection between philosophy and medicine is of substantive importance. One of the outstanding figures for medicine as Hippocrates of Kos, named “the father of medicine”, built the fundamental principals of medicine as rational endeavour. The other important figure in late antiquity – Claudius Galenus or Galen of Pergamon –made an important thesis that a good doctor is a philosopher too (work That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher). This work analyses the questions concerning contemporary relationships between philosophy and medicine today. One of the central topics is focused on contemporary criteria for medical theory, research and practice. In the beginning of the 90s, the so-called Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) formulated specific methodological features that medicine has to aspire to. Today, every field of medicine is based on the principles formulated by EBM. This gives grounds for a number of authors to talk about a "new paradigm" in medical science and practice and to base this idea on the EBM movement. The present paper will analyse the discussion of whether EBM is a paradigm according to Kuhn’s idea of a “paradigm shift”, and will critically analyse scientific change situation in the context of modern medicine (scientific and social aspects).

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Печеливши и непечеливши избори в началото на балканската електрификация: случаите България и Сърбия

Author(s): Hristo Berov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

For a long timе, electrification has remained one of the main criteria for the modernization of life and living environment of large groups of the population in almost every part of the world. The Balkan countries are among the first to join this process and their experience is important for understanding it as a whole. This text is an attempt to compare the first private initiatives for the construction of powerplants in Bulgaria and Serbia at the end of XIX and the beginning of XX century. An emphasis is placed on the the entrepreneurs engaged in the implementation of the respective endeavors. The main goal is to shed some light on the “personality” factor as an important element of the modernization process. Apart from this, the research emphasizes the importance of concrete solutions for the successful realization of such complex industrial endeavors.

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Възможности на учебния експеримент за формиране на природонаучна грамотност на студентите – бъдещи учители по химия

Author(s): Antoaneta Angelacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The chemical experiment as a scientific method is in the focus of students' attention when studying different chemical disciplines in higher education. As a method of scientific and educational knowledge it is also a subject of special studying at the chemistry didactics lecture course and at the practice classes in Methods and Techniques of School Chemical Experiment. In the work is proposed а methodology for application of the school experiment with a view to forming scientific literacy of students – future chemistry teachers. The effectiveness of the developed methodology is proved through pedagogical experiment. It includes students trained in the Bachelor's programs “Biology and Chemistry”, “Chemistry and English” at University of Plovdiv. The experimental data show that the developed didactic models for the experimental study of substances and chemical processes have a positive effect on students’ cognitive results with a view to forming and developing scientific literacy.

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Ученето чрез дизайн като прагматичен подход за подобряване на професионалното педагогическо образование

Author(s): Nina Gerdjikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

Pedagogical education is an important part of the higher education system in Bulgaria. Despite efforts to modernize this system over the past twenty years, there have been changes in the macro-frame of the system, only. On a micro level, such as curricula, curriculum content, teaching methods, stereotypical solutions are supported. There is therefore a need to reform traditional pedagogical education. One way is to change epistemology and teaching methods in undergraduate teacher programs. In the article, a specific example of student learning through an environmental education scenario is described. This will be done in the following steps: – a brief theoretical description of learning by design; – a description of the teaching and learning process through design in the specific example; – a description of ways and means of communication in the learning process. The report is one of the first steps towards conceptualizing research within an interdisciplinary project of the University in Plovdiv, related to the use of "green technologies" in people's daily lives. The article should therefore be regarded as a plan for carrying out the next activities in the project.

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Борис Йоцов и българският език

Author(s): Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova,Elka Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article analyzes specificities in the language practice of the famous literary critic Prof. Boris Yotsov. Тhe focus of attention is the domestic layer of words: the presence of archaic vocabulary from the Old Bulgarian period, rare and dialect words, dynamics in the word-forming variance of names; shortening the noun base of words, etc. B. Yotsov's literary criticism exemplifies the linguistic processes in the period between the Two World Wars: the time of accumulation, construction, and creativity, manifesting the tendency to combine the inevitable needs of education with identity politics, striving to establish, enrich and ever codify the academic level of the Bulgarian language.

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Смъртта като битие и време в стихотворенията „Смърт“ от Пейо Яворов и „Дяволско“ от Атанас Далчев

Author(s): Stefka Karaivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article aims to present the closeness in the poetic perception of the image of death in the poems “Death” and “Diabolical”. It is a “homeˮ for the two lyrical characters, a kind of end of life's knowledge, universality, originality and no alternative. The poetic implication of both texts is in the direction of masculinity and proud loneliness in the realization of death as an “existential phenomenon”.

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Intellectual Reception of G. Lozanov’s Theory on Suggestopedia in the Pedagogical Discourse of Ukraine

Author(s): Olha Soroka,Olena Klymentova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The paper is aimed at studying the results of Ukrainian scientists who developed the theory and practice of suggestopedia.The ideas of the outstanding Bulgarian scholar G. Lozanov serve as the foundation of modern linguistics, including the directions of suggestive language didactics, linguistics of influence, psychological and neurological and marketing linguistics. Thanks to Lozanov's contribution, researchers have learned to find suggestive components in political messages, analyze strategic narratives, find hidden aspects in religious texts, better understand the applied nature of some folk genres and more. The special anthropological value of Lozanov's approaches is objectified by the development of neuroscience, where a person is often positioned as a functionary with electronic chips. Instead, Lozanov's man is a free, conscious and loving man. Although research on suggestion is growing in the scientific literature, there is still a significant gap in this topic, in particular on theoretical and empirical developments on the impact of suggestion on various aspects of communication. A review of recent publications on suggestopedic topics shows that the interest in G. Lozanov’s approaches does not fade and is nourished by the pedagogical search for educational paradigms which are adequate to the real needs of life and capable of combining tradition with innovation. The article presents different approaches to Lozanov's discoveries and aims to encourage new discourses into the area of the linguistic programming of personality.

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Развиване на когнитивни и метакогнитивни умения за четене в обучението по български език чрез работа с учебни задачи

Author(s): Despina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The presented article deals with the problem of developing cognitive and metacognitive skills for reading and also for solving learning tasks in Bulgarian language classes. Cognitive skills refer to the learning activities. When working with text, they are related to the student's ability to extract information from text and construct meaning from what is read. Metacognitive skills include the volitional tracing of one's own reading patterns. Cognitive reading skills are systematized in four groups: (1) skills for extracting information from text, (2) skills for interpretation, (3) skills for critical reflection, and (4) skills for working with text presented on a screen. A study of assessment given by teachers of Bulgarian language on the degree of acquisition of cognitive and metacognitive skills by students in lower secondary and upper secondary education in reading text and solving learning problems is presented. Cognitive skills are divided into four groups – for extracting information from text; for interpretation; for critical reflection; and for working with text on a screen. The obtained results demonstrated that teachers rate as more developed the skills for extracting information from text than those for interpretation, critical reflection, and working with text on a screen. There is no real (statistical significant) difference between cognitive and metacognitive skills in assessing the level of skills developed when working with learning tasks.

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Теория и практика в обучението по български език като чужд в свободноизбираема дисциплина „Български език за медицински цели“

Author(s): Margarita Dimitrova,Hristiana Krasteva,Teodora Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

This is not only the general communicative competence, but also professional competence to converse. That gives us confidence to further actively research working pedagogical study models. In the course of one academic year, we have been developing such dynamic model with the medical students (who study Medicine in English), taking part in the freely chosen discipline “Bulgarian for medical purposes”. At this stage we have the following goals: to verify problematic areas in communication in professional environment and during practice; applying together conventional and innovative methods, instruments, and forms of education and proposing ways to improve the educational process; interdisciplinary approach to realize successful communicative competence by creating a direct connection between theory and practice. At the end of the academic year, we thus define the parameters of the results of the communicative competence in Bulgarian for professional communication. Achieving excellent communicative competence of the foreign students for a year is a key factor for checking the results.

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How to Improve the First-Year Students Motivation in Learning Matrices

Author(s): Emiliya Koleva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Linear algebra is one of the fundamental courses included in the curriculum of all mathematical, engineering and economic specialties. Students study the subject during the first semester. At this early stage in their education, they cannot realize the connection of the discipline with the specialized subjects. This demotivates the students and they do not make any effort to absorb and assimilate the material. The purpose of this article is to show at least a small part of the applications of Linear algebra in computer science, using only some basic concepts and thus to motivate students for more in-depth understanding of the material in the course. The article takes into account that not all first-year students have a good knowledge of programming. That’s why the software used to illustrate the examples in the article is Matlab. It’s a matrix-based software. Built-in graphics make it easy to visualize and gain insights from data.

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Приложение на успоредно проектиране за построяване сечението на призма с равнина

Author(s): Mitko Kunchev,Todor Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article discusses a method for constructing the section of a prism with a plane defined by three points using parallel projection. The propaedeutics of the methods based on three supporting problems. The solution of the main problem describes the construction of the section of the plane with the surrounding edge of the prism or its extension. The method is applied in solving various problems for construction of a section.

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Is it Simple to Explain the Simple Experiments? How do Solid Bodies Float?

Author(s): Dragia Ivanov,Stefan Nikolov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This paper considers the floating of solid homogenous bodies with different simple shapes. The stable floating positions attained by the bodies are examined and some qualitative rules are derived to determine those positions. The sensitivity of those stable positions to the exact proportions of the bodies is shown.

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Луи Пастьор (1822 – 1895) – химикът. По повод 200 години от рождението му

Author(s): Nano Stepanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article is dedicated to the 200-year anniversary of the great Louis Pasteur and aims to represent his work focusing on his less famous contributions as a chemist. By examining his accomplishments in the historical context of chemistry’s development – isomerism (between Berzelius and Van’t Hoff) and theory of fermentation (between Liebig and Berthelot). Based on his research on optically active substances (mainly tartaric acid and its salts) he distinguishes optical activity caused by crystal structure and molecular asymmetry, hypothesizes that the way atoms are positioned in a molecule is the cause for optical activity, defining a new form of isomerism thus paving the way for stereochemistry. The later scientific achievements of Pasteur are related to him entering the world of microorganisms – fermentation, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation, clarifying the origin and prevention of infectious diseases. It is emphasized that he is a scientist who takes his work out of the laboratory and ‘into the world’: examining the diseases of the silk worm, difficulties in brewing, wine and vinegar production. He communicates with people affected by the problem, exchanges knowledge and experience with them, offers advice, includes them in his search for solutions. Generally describing his work as a physicochemist, biochemist, microbiologist, immunologist and his personality with emphasis on his morality as a scientist. He is a patriot, citizen, humanist and a true benefactor of humanity.

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