O problemach związanych z wyznaczaniem typów cyrkulacji atmosferycznej Lityńskiego

Author(s): Marek Nowosad / Language(s): Polish Issue: 159/2019

One of the classifications of atmospheric circulation types applied in Poland is the typology proposed by Lityński (1969). Circulation types were designated based on three classes in each of three indices (zonal Ws, meridional Wp, and cyclonicity index Cp). Indices Ws and Wp were developed based on differences in atmospheric pressure over the area of 40º–65ºN and 0º–35vE. A total of 27 types were designated. Calendars of the types in reference to the period 1951–1999 were published. Lack of information on particular stages of development of the calendars seems to preclude unequivocal interpretation in their use. It is not clear what reference period was considered in the development of the calendars. An example is provided that a change in the reference period causes the shift of 5% of days to another class. The name of the type does not always concern the direction of air advection. For example, in January, the middle class „0” zonal index is characterised by air dvection from the west. In such a situation, the type called „S” in practice describes inflow of air from direction „SW”. An example is also provided of a situation where the same value of the Wp index was qualified in June to class „S”, and in November to class „N”. Examples of analyses are also presented with the application of daily values of Wp and Ws concerning air temperature, snow cover, and UTCI index. Attention is drawn to the need of high degree of caution in the interpretation of research concerning multi-annual periods where results of reanalyses were used as source data. It is pointed out that the annual courses of circulation indices Wp and Ws may be approximated when the determination of air density considered the same temperature in reference to all days in a year.

Dni ciepłe i chłodne w Polsce (1966–2017)

Author(s): Jan Zimnol,Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 159/2019

The study presents the spatial and temporal variability of warm and cold days occurring in the years 1966–2017 at five meteorological stations representing four peripheral areas and the centre of Poland. The analysis was based on the daily maximum air temperature values. A warm or cold day was considered as a day during which the maximum temperature was respectively higher or lower than the average daily temperature by a value of 1.28 standard deviation for a given calendar day. The obtained results indicate an increase in the frequency of the occurrence of warm days sequences and a decrease in the number of sequences of cold days, especially after 1990. The analysis also found a clear differentiation of the annual course of the considered days depending on the geographical location of the area in question. The most distinctive is the north-western region of Poland, where the highest number of warm days was recorded. In contrast, the area of southern Poland is characterized by a higher number of cold days. Most of the analyzed days occurred as one- or two-day long sequences, constituting approximately 70–80% of all cases. In the analyzed period, short (lasting 3–5 days) waves of warm or cold days were most frequent, and the longest waves (lasting at least 11 days) usually accounted for less than 1% of all cases recorded at a given station.

Laboratorium GeoDesignu – koncepcja przestrzeni do pracy kreatywnej na Kampusie 600-lecia Odnowienia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Luc,Małgorzata Pietrzak,Katarzyna Rotter-Jarzębińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 163/2020

Determinants of Local Revenue Mobilisation: Do Governmental Transfers and Public Investment Matter? A Case of the Western Balkan Countries

Author(s): Vesna Garvanlieva,Borche TRENOVSKI / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 93/2023

Local governments in the Western Balkan countries are dependent on central governments’ transfers, with low fiscal autonomy and limited efforts for own-source revenue mobilisation. The paper identifies that besides central government transfers, other significant factors in determining municipal own-source revenues include central and local public investment, current expenditures, human development index, and population density. Municipal own-source revenue is adversely affected by intergovernmental transfers, implying their de-incentivising effect in collecting local revenues. Local capital expenditure is a significant and strong determinant with a higher strength than central government investments, suggesting their importance for local fiscal autonomy. The human development index as a composite measure, unlike GDP per capita, positively affects the municipal fiscal autonomy.

How Well Has Local Government Human Resource Management Been Discussed? Looking at the Global Practice

Author(s): Denok Kurniasih,Wahyuningrat Wahyuningrat,Paulus Israwan Setyoko,Rodon Pedrason,Muhamad Yusuf / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 93/2023

Human resource management (HRM) studies have been continuously developed to serve as a reference for enhancing the quality of public services. This includes the case in local government where it is important to have highly competent resources, because civil service personnel are the door that deals directly with local communities. Using bibliometrics and analysing previous research coherently, this study focuses on identifying the development of HRM discussions on local governance at the global level, both in developed and developing countries. As a result, although in general, the topics raised included managerial and personnel issues. There are certain issues raised by developed countries, such as innovation to contemporary social issues. Meanwhile, in developing countries discussed challenges faced by local governments in managing their resources. This study contributes to the development of HRM concern-mapping in local government globally and can be used as a reference for increasing the capacity of human resource management in local government.

The Socio-Economic Regionalisation and the Administrative Division of Ukraine Through the Lens of the Gravity Model

Author(s): Oleksiy Gnatiuk,Serhii Puhach,Kostyantyn Mezentsev / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 93/2023

The paper explores the application of the gravity model, namely the delineation of the urban predominant influence areas via the generation of the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram, to the socio-economic regionalisation and administrative territorial division of Ukraine, including the existing state of affairs and several proposals on their improvement. The research uses quantitative statistical data on interregional migration and rail passenger traffic within the country, processed via the Statistica analytics software, and a subsequent spatial analysis conducted by GIS. The findings suggest that the gravity model can serve as a tool for optimisation the administrative territorial division, as well as for the delineation of the planning regions and urban hinterlands. At the same time, it has certain limitations and should not be treated as a panacea for regional planning and development.

Recreation Areas Optimisation and Nature Exploitation in Urban Ecosystems

Author(s): Liudmyla Bezuhla,Mariia Bieloborodova,Liudmyla Bondarenko,Tetiana Herasymenko / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 93/2023

It has been substantiated that the increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the environment has especially aggravated in the conditions of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The use of woody plants for the purposes of phytoremediation is one of the most effective options for optimising the state of the environment in urban ecosystems, regardless of the nature and source of contamination by metallic elements, which is of significant relevance in the conditions of post-war environmental restoration of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to explore the peculiarities of some heavy metals accumulation by the assimilation apparatuses of the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plants growing in the recreational areas of the city of Dnipro in order to further optimise tree plantings with the aim of improving the environment. The content of heavy metal elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in the biomass of the Robinia pseudoacacia L. leaves and in the soils of Dnipro recreation areas has been determined. The intensity of the accumulation of heavy metals in the phytomass of the Robinia pseudoacacia L. represents the following sequence Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd, which demonstrates a more intense absorption and accumulation in the phytomass of the leafy fraction of Zn and Cu in the phytomass of the deciduous fraction, and less significant of Pb and Cd. With the help of geo-information systems, cartographic material has been developed. It demonstrates the concentration gradient of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn in the assimilation organs of the black locust plants in the city of Dnipro recreational areas. Based on the cartographic analysis, it has been proved that the general condition of the soils in the recreation areas of Dnipro is characterised by significant disproportions in the level of pollution. The maps show the existing potential of the accumulative capacity of Robinia pseudoacacia L. to deposit Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn, which allows for additional city functional zoning by considering phytoremediation functions of the existing and planned green spaces.

Features of War Injuries in Persons of Different Ages Residing in the Kyiv and Kharkiv Regions of Ukraine

Author(s): Svitlana Kuzikova,Valeriy Zlyvkov,Svitlana Lukomska,Tetiana Shcherbak,Olha Skyba,Borys Kuzikov / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 93/2023

The article is devoted to determining the specifics of war injuries among people of various ages living in the deoccupied Kyiv and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to determine the residents’ traumatic experience in the de-occupied territories of Ukraine caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The direct effects of PTSD concern intimate relationships such as marriage, social interactions, decreased productivity, and decreased resilience. This study shows that PTSD symptoms are more common for respondents over fifty years of age, who have deficit of social resources. It has been proven that the severity of PTSD symptoms in the residents of the deoccupied Kharkiv region is statistically significantly lower than the symptoms of the residents of the de-occupied Kyiv region, which is due to the longer occupation and more pronounced joy from liberation. Therefore, the appearance of PTSD symptoms in a more delayed period is likely.

The Efficiency of Water Resources Management in the Black Sea Region (Ukraine) in the Context of Sustainable Development Under the Conditions of Military Operations

Author(s): Mykolai G. SERBOV,Iryna Kramarenko,Inna Irtyshcheva,Marianna Stehnei,Yevheniia Boiko,Natalia Hryshyna,Kseniia Khaustova / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 93/2023

The purpose of writing the article is to study the effectiveness of water resources management in the Black Sea region of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development under the conditions of military operations. The theoretical approaches to defining the essence and functions of water resources management through the prism of sustainable development goals have been considered. The main problems of water resources management in the regions of Ukraine are systematised and the ways of their solution at the present stage of the reform are outlined. The author’s approach to evaluating the effectiveness of water resources management in the context of the model of sustainable development is proposed using the example of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. Methodical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional water resources management that includes the main stages, the criteria for assessing, indicators for each criterion, and a mathematical apparatus for their calculation have been developed. In accordance with the author’s approach, a diagnosis of the effectiveness of regional water resources management was conducted based on the example of the Black Sea region.

Jovan Cvijić in the books of the Serbian Geographical Society

Author(s): Stevan M. Stanković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Among our scientists, Jovan Cvijić (Loznica, October 12, 1865 - Belgrade, January 16, 1927) stands out by the number, scope, types and content of scientific and professional papers, printed in several languages, in Serbia and abroad. According to a number of indicators, in the scientific and journalistic sphere, until today his work has remained difficult to surpass. He is often and gladly quoted not only in the works of contemporary geographers, but also geologists, historians, ethnologists, urban planners, economists, demographers, sociologists and ecologists. Most of his work is published during his lifetime, but due to its importance, lessons and messages, part of his scientific work, is published post-humously even today. The most important are the Collected Works of Jovan Cvijić, which were published in 14 books from 1987 to 1996 by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Newspaper-Publishing Working Organization “Literary Gazette” (Književne novine) and the Institute for Textbooks and Teaching Aids, all from Belgrade. On this occasion, we present the work of Jovan Cvijić published on the pages of the magazine of the Serbian Geographical Society (Glasnik, Posebna izdanja, Atlas, Zemlja i ljudi, Globus). We especially pay attention on the Bulletin (Glasnik), the oldest geographical periodical in Serbia and on the Balkan Peninsula, which was founded by Jovan Cvijić and his associates, and whose content he unreservedly devoted to the last days of his life. Cvijić presented himself to readers through scientific papers, small prologues, reviews of foreign and domestic geographical, ethnographic and geological literature, notes and obituaries.

Spatial planning systems worldwide

Author(s): Branka Tošić,Zora Živanović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The paper outlines the features of the spatial planning systems worldwide, on different continents, based on countries where legislative frameworks for the planning and methodology of preparing and implementing planning documents are defined. In order to define global features of a spatial planning systems it is necessary to address several issues: the implementation of sustainability principles, the development of regional planning, the importance of an urban planning approach, management system, implementation problems, participation, the share of strategic spatial planning and transnational cooperation, etc. The determination of the planning system by numerous and various factors influenced the different degree of development of the planning process. In many countries, planning practice faces problems associated with the disrespect of the law, corruption and illegal land use, resolving regional development imbalances in almost all countries etc. At a global level, addressing environmental issues is becoming a dominant goal in most planning systems.

Russian emigrants serving at the Military Geographic Institute in Belgrade from 1920 to 1957

Author(s): Stevan Radojčić,Saša Bakrač,Dejan Đorđević / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2022

In the first years after World War I, about 60,000 citizens of tsarist Russia, refugees from the civil war and the changes caused by the October Revolution, joined the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenians. Most of them were members of the middle and upper classes: mostly officers and members of the civic elite with university degrees. Some moved on soon after, to the west, and about 40,000 decided to stay in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenians. Their contribution to Serbian and Yugoslav society, science, art, culture, and other spheres of life is mostly known and well documented, as are their lives and the issues of refugee and emigrant life. There are numerous books, monographs, newspaper articles, films, and other material that testifies to the life, work, and contribution of Russian emigration to Serbia and Yugoslavia. However, even to the present day, untold stories about their lives can be revealed, such as the one we present in this article. The story of the work and contribution of Russian emigrants to the Military Geographic Institute in Belgrade is the subject of the present paper. These were mostly officers of the Russian Military Geodetic Service (Corps of Military Topographers). These findings were made thanks to a recent study by the Military Geographic Institute, whose comprehensive results are being presented to the general professional public for the first time. According to previous information, it was estimated that there were about thirty officers in the Russian Imperial Army. This research determined the number of at least 99 emigrants who worked at the Military Geographic Institute. Some worked for only a few months, others for several years, and some for more than 35 years. The research revealed that some of them became officers of the Yugoslav Army. Some of those who served in the Military Geographic Institute also gave a broader contribution to the geodetic service in Serbia and Yugoslavia.

Sustainability-focused rural tourism development in Western Serbia

Author(s): Marina Vesić,Marijana Savić,Sanja Pavlović,Jelena Bolović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Rural tourism is seen as one of the aspects of sustainable economic growth and socio-cultural development of rural Serbia. During the Covid-19 pandemic, international tourist traffic declined, and tourism and hospitality as service activities suffered serious economic consequences. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of pandemics on rural areas of Western Serbia, bearing in mind that the natural environment and rural areas have gained in importance as safer to live in. The research was conducted through an electronic questionnaire, by surveying the providers of catering services in this part of Serbia. The obtained results indicate a decline in the number of tourists (domestic and foreign) during the pandemic, but mostly positive attitudes of service providers regarding the prospects and sustainability of their business in the coming period. The data obtained in this research can be useful to local governments and tourism representatives in finding the best solutions to provide support to the bearers of the tourist offer of rural areas.

GIS application in analysis of threat of forest fires and landslides in the Svrljiški Timok basin (Serbia)

Author(s): Vladimir Ćurić,Uroš Durlević,Nemanja Ristić,Ivan Novković,Nina Čegar / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Forest fires and landslides represent very frequent natural disasters in Serbia. The Svrljiški Timok river basin is located in the southeastern part of the Republic of Serbia, and according to natural characteristics it represents a significant area for geohazard study. The task of the research is to analyse natural and anthropogenic condition by determining locations which are susceptible to forest fires and landslides in order to protect the population and infrastructure. Using Geographic Informational Systems (GIS) and available data, their processing was started for the susceptibility of the terrain to forest fires using the RC index. For the analysis of the territory occurrence of landslides the statistical Probability method (PM) and Landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) were used. The obtained results indicate that 20.81% of the area of the Svrljiški Timok basin has a very high susceptibility to forest fires, while 29.21% of the terrain is highly susceptible to landslides. The results gained processing the RC index can be applied to adequate risk management of forest fires, improvement of monitoring and early warning systems in the study area. Sustainable management of agricultural land and improvement of environmental protection can be implemented on the basis of the obtained results for the most endangered areas of landslides.

The augmented reality usage for learning of disappearing historical monuments

Author(s): Yulia Yu. Dyulicheva,Dmitriy G. Malakhatko,Raša Mladenović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The study is devoted to the development of a mobile application for the reconstruction in augmented reality of disappearing objects of cultural and historical heritage on the example of the Monzhene’s castle, also known as the Kessler’s estate. The importance of creating an archive of such digital twins - 3D-models for objects of cultural heritage that have been practically destroyed to the ground, the reconstruction of which is difficult, as well as for preserving the history and culture of ancestors, is noted. The effectiveness of using the developed application based on augmented reality technology in the educational process is confirmed by the results of a survey of 17 schoolchildren who used the application in the lessons of the history of their native land.

The role of the southern Libyan Saharan cities in building their relations with neighbouring countires

Author(s): Ali Jarad,Almokhtar Attwairi,Tarek Elaswed,Elhadi Elmghirbi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The southern Libyan cities (Ghat, Murzuq, and Al-Kufra) played their political, economic, and social role in Libyan relations with neighbouring countries during various historical phases. These cities paved the way for building economic relations, especially the exchange of goods between North and South Africa through Mediterranean ports to Europe. The main goal of the research is to stress the role of the Saharan towns and cities in building relations between Libya and neighbouring countries and to tracking the political, economic and social impacts on Saharan cities, but also their effects between the northern African region and southern Libya towards African Sub-Saharan region. Additionally, it is important to explain the role of southern cities geographically in the influx of illegal migration of temporary transit and settlement areas and crossing north to Europe and studying the impact of instability and insecurity after 2011 in the tribal and ethnic conflict in southern Libyan region. The importance of the study is based on identifying the political, economic, and social conditions of southern Libyan region and its important historical cities.

Modeling the change in maximum temperature in Zuwara weather station for the period (1961-2099) using SDSM technique

Author(s): Moloud Ali Brebish,Asmahan Ali Othman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The research aims to use climate models to identify how the climate has changed over time in the Zuwara region of Libya, especially the change in the maximum temperature during the twenty-first century. It is based on the technique of the Statistical Downscaling Model “SDSM”, where it will depend on the maximum temperature data of a weather station, and Zuwara for the period from (1961-1990), and forecasting the monthly, quarterly and annual rate of future increase or decrease during the period (2019-2099) ac-cording to the two climate change scenarios, which are approved by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The (IPCC) in a report known as Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) in 2000 to make projections of the climate and the environment based on the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The results proved that the annual average maximum temperature in the Zuwara region will take an upward trend during the modelling periods compared to the base period (1961-1990). This is consistent with all IPCC scenarios, especially during the second period (2046-2072) with an increase of 1.3°C over the base period, and this rate maintains its trend of increasing by about 1°C during the period (2073-2099). The results also indicated an increase in the average maximum seasonal temperature according to the two scenarios H3A2a and H3B2a during the winter season in the second period (2046-2072) at a rate of 8°C. In the spring, the rate of change will reach 2°C. It is expected that the summer will witness a decrease in the maximum average temperature by 5°C, and the same will be the case in the autumn by a rate of 3.3°C in the second period compared to the base period, which threatens the inability of the countries of the world to control and mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases.

The spatial modeling of urban expansion. Case study Msila

Author(s): Adel Bediar,Boudjamea Khalfalleh,Salim Dehimi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Understanding, analysis, monitoring and modelling of urban growth evolution as a major driving force of land use, especially in developed countries, is of great importance for land managers in the process of development. This research aims to analyse the spatial modelling of urban expansion using modern technologies - Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (D-AHP) hybrid model and Geographic Information System (GIS) technique for Land-Use Assessment. These techniques are used to detect the most suitable and unsuitable areas in the Msila zone. By engaging residents and experts to choose criteria for analysing urban expansion, the study showed that 80.75% of total area represent suitable lands for expansion and around 19% represent unsuitable lands. By reading the results of the study, it is clear that the total suitable lands are located in the southwestern side of the city.

Evaluation of the residential satisfaction via a factorial analysis of the residentia environment (social housing). The case of the city of Boussaâda, Algeria

Author(s): Mohammed Hadji,Belkacem Dib / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The improvement of the quality of life within the residential environment is the ultimate objective of sustainable development, in which its environmental, economic and social dimensions are constantly identified and updated. To this end, the development of a reference framework for the actors of the housing sector can formulate new policy trends related to the planning and design of the residential environment. Post-occupancy evaluation is an appropriate method for assessing and evaluating the impact of housing policies on residents' behaviour. Then, the results of these policies are tested by measuring residential satisfaction and by determining the factors that affect it. To achieve this objective, the technique of a head-of-household interview form was used. We relied on eighteen well-known potential variables in studies related to housing satisfaction, focusing on the social dimension. A sample consisting of two social housing clusters in the city of Boussaâda, comprising 121 households was randomly selected. Finally, the data were statistically processed using a factor analysis which is the principal components method, through which four factors containing fourteen variables that control residential satisfaction were extracted.

Social behavior in the outdoor spaces of social housing. Case of the neighborhood of 500 housing units in the city of M’sila (Algeria)

Author(s): Arab Walid,Hynda Boutabba / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Since Algeria’s independence in 1962, Algerian towns have experienced strong population growth at a rate of over 3.2% and a considerable rural exodus causing a housing crisis. In order to quickly resolve this crisis, the state adopted the policy of industrialization of housing. During this period, social housing was the model best suited to the social, economic and political situation of the country. Consequently, during the mass production of social housing, a fundamental parameter was ignored: the quality of the living environment in the outdoor spaces of these social neighbourhoods. This has caused the emergence of multiple remarkable social behaviours. This article discusses the impact of outdoor spaces in one of the most important neighbourhoods of the city of M’sila with 500 collective social housing units on the socio-spatial behaviour of different categories of inhabitants. This research combined the techniques of direct observation, interviewing and the social use approach of Gehl. The results of the study will identify the impact of outdoor spaces on the behaviour of residents of social housing to be able to remedy in future urban development and architectural designs.