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The dictionary Geographical Renaming in Bulgaria 1878-2014, published by the Bulgarian Encyclopaedia Scientific Information Centre of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, TRUD Publishing House, 2015, is a first attempt to collect all renamed places in Bulgaria in one volume. The dictionary contains 415 6 toponyms along with comparisons, explanations and comments. The geographical naming conventions, renaming and name restoration in Bulgaria remain problematic. The selection oftoponyms, the renaming criteria that the commissions of the municipal councils use, as well as the composition of said commissions, all warrant criticism. In addition, the process of communicating the new toponyms to the administrations and the general public, of adopting the toponyms and controlling their usage is less than perfect. Furthermore, this article raises the issue of the lack of a consistent policy on the part of authorities, namely, the Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Agency of the Ministry ofRegional Development and Public Works.
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This study is focused on changes in linguistic landscape (especially in urbanonyms) due to the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022. It follows official and unofficial renaming of streets around the world in effort to show solidarity with Ukraine and its people. Official commemorative names have often the meaning ‘Free Ukraine’ (e.g. in Riga and Tirana), ‘Ukrainian Heroes’ (e.g. in Prague and Vilnius) etc. and are mostly located close to Russian embassies. Unofficial names given to streets by activists as a protest against the war are usually motivated by the name of the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Street names derived from the adjective Russian, or from Russian toponyms are changed as well, however only unofficially (e.g. the sign with the name of Ruská ‘Russian Street’ in Prague was replaced with the sign containing the famous answer of the Ukrainian soldiers from Snake Island to the Russian warship).
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The idea of a canal across Dobruja is certainly not original. Some work may have been carried out in classical times. The idea of a canal came up in 1837 and it was fathered by the Scottish diplomat David Urquhart who starting from 1831, spent many years in the Ottoman Empire. Urquhart suggested the construction of a canal “connecting the Danube to the Black Sea at the point where the Danube came closest to the Sea, which would save the delay and perils associated with sailing to the Danube Mouths”. The end of the Crimean War in 1856, led to a Russian withdrawal from the Danube and the powers now decided to concentrate on the improvement of the river. From 1856, the maritime Danube was administered by a European Commission of the Danube (ECD) in order to keep the river open for the ships of all nations. The canal scheme lapsed but a railway across Dobruja was considered feasible and was approved by the Porte in 1860. Although the canal was not built, the idea was not abandoned altogether but resumed in 1883, after the union of Dobruja, on several occasions, before World War I and, again, in the Interwar period. During World War I the Austro- Hungarians envisaged a project of a canal following the line of Cernavodã – Murfatlar – Constanþa of which 27 miles had to be in the open and 10 miles (from Murfatlar to Constanþa) – in a tunnel. No practical consequence followed in this case either.
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Current tendencies in the social and economic development of the Balkan countries (a very disputable for delimitation territorial unit of states) have a very specific nature and play important role for fostering economic cooperation between the East and the West (in particular EU and Asia). The social and economic prosperity, as well as political stability of the Balkan region, is also strongly dependent on further strengthening of cooperation in the field of economy, transport infrastructure and trade between the Balkan states. The first problematic paper goal is to delineate the borders of the Balkan region. The territorial scale of the region is strongly dependent on different authors’ and researchers’ point of view. In the paper is accepted that the Balkan region comprises the following countries: Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Serbia, Cyprus and Turkey.
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The article discusses the construction of a highway between the towns of Ruse on the Danube River and Veliko Tarnovo, in Bulgaria. It follows the chronology of the project development from the time when it wasn’t even mentioned as a part of the highway system of Bulgaria, through the idea for its upgrade to a speedway, and to nowadays when the work on the project for highway started. A lot of statistical facts are given about the problems of traveling on the existing road E85 between the two towns, supporting the necessity of the construction of a highway. Also the connections with the other infrastructural projects are described and the importance of the project for the regional development is discussed.
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This analysis aims to highlight the risk created by the chemical tankers by comparing their movements in the Turkish straits. This information is based on actual ship movements from south to north and the return voyage, showing the prominence of chemical tankers passing through the straits between 2010 and 2022 and underlining the importance of the Turkish Straits. Istanbul Bosporus transit passages are being regulated by the Montreux Convention1, signed 84 years ago. As per the convention, international shipping provided safe and seaworthy ships, has the right of free passage through the Straits in peacetime. Since the convention has been in force, the volume and frequency of the ships have increased almost tenfold, an interesting correlation on average, there were13 passages in a day in 1938; which increased to 65 by1985 and 115 by 2019. The main reason for this increase is said to be the hydrocarbon reserves of the Caspian Region2. As the number of passages increased enormously, so did the physical risk to shipping and the environmental and biological risk to local species. In order to minimise any possible risks and provide safer and environmentally friendly traffic, Turkish authorities have had to adopt Maritime Traffic Regulations for the Turkish Straits on 15/08/2019 (VTS – Vessel Traffic System)3.
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Economic and Regional Development refers to the process of developing regions to improve their economic, political and social prosperity. This document analyses the unemployment rate of the NUTS 2 regions for 2008-2021. A model is proposed, which applies Social Network Analysis (SNA) within the framework of Economic and Regional Analysis. SNA is a process that allows the exploration of social structures using networks and graph theory. It presents the visualization of several networks, created based on the degree of correlation of the total unemployment rate data, and calculates measures and centrality metrics to conclude about the interaction and clustering of regions. The paper shows that by using SNA the interaction between regions and hence their clustering based on the change in the unemployment rate was detected, and it offers their visualization. Therefore, the application of SNA in economic and regional analysis could be a reliable methodology for future research.
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Son yıllarda hem küresel hem de bölgesel dinamikler dolayısıyla ağırlıklı olarak göç konusunun uluslararası boyutunu konuşsak da maalesef Türkiye’de 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde yaşanan ve 11 ili etkileyen yıkıcı deprem felaketi, tüm ekonomik ve sosyal dinamiklerin yanı sıra felaketler sonrası ülke içi göç ve yer değiştirme konusunun da gündeme gelmesine ve tartışılmasına neden oldu. Depremler 1,8 milyonu göçmen olmak üzere bölgede yaşayan yaklaşık 16 milyon kişiyi etkilerken (Reliefweb, 2023), mevcut tahminler en az 2,7 milyon kişinin depremleri takiben ikamet yerlerini terk ettiklerini gösteriyor. Türkiye ile birlikte Suriye’yi de etkileyen depremlerde her iki ülkede yaklaşık 850 bin çocuğun da yerinden olduğu raporlanmış bulunuyor (UNICEF, 2023).
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The monumental work of Bel’s Knowledge is still a very valuable source of knowledge for several scientific disciplines. Much of the information in the Knowledge is the subject of interdisciplinary research and takes our knowledge of 18th century realities to a higher level. One of the scientific fields where this knowledge can be used is landscape archaeology, which allows, thanks to its own methodological knowledge, the verification of the information described. From the scientific project of Matthias Bel, information concerning the bridges of the Slaná River was important for our research. The research aim is to identify the mentioned bridges in the contemporary cultural landscape with possible remnants of objects and then to interpret and reconstruct them in virtual space. This goal presupposes a detailed source analysis not only of the references in Bel’s Knowledge, but also in other available, especially historical map documents. The findings contribute to a more accurate reconstruction of the road network, bridging objects and thus complete the picture of the cultural landscape in the Gemer historical region in the modern period.
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This historical-geographical study presents the evolution of civilian non-Jewish burial sites in Central Transdanubia (Esztergom district) and Central Bohemia (Nymburk district) as a specific phenomenon of the historical landscape. The period of analysis was defined from the Enlightenment reforms of the late 18th century to the present. The field research focused (among other things) on the analysis of the retained natural, urban, architectural and historical values of the cemeteries, taking into account their influence on the landscape and the localities. Subsequently, cartographic and iconographic sources, mainly from the 19th and 20th centuries, were analysed to monitor changes in the cemeteries in relation to relevant ecclesiastical and secular legislation. The knowledge obtained allowed to determine the basic evolutionary types of cemeteries and then to interpret the identical and different characteristics for the two model areas. Significantly, some of the observed characteristics developed differently after 1918 and these trends can still be identified today. The results of the research provide an up-to-date perspective on the existing issues and enrich the existing knowledge, which can be used by other fields of research (especially settlement history, ethnography and heritage conservation).
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The aim of the article is to present the results of trial archaeological research on the site of Vranjače, situated east from the site of the national monument The Archaeological site of Debelo Brdo, a prehistoric hillfort settlement, antique and late antique defence structure in Sarajevo conducted during August of 2017. In accordance with the above, the methodology used during the implementation of trial archaeological research will be briefly described, primarily the use of extensive field survey (ETP), with the aim of obtaining results that would give a complete picture of the distribution of archaeological potential of the site of Vranjače.
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Monuments in the public forum dedicated to political leaders are an important tool in promoting national identity. Frequently, the political message embedded in public monuments is intended to contribute to propagating and strengthening a sense of national identity by shaping the community’s commemorative experience. In addition to the commemorative function related to social memory, public monuments also have an associated ideological function, as the monuments become essential in visually epresenting the national politics of memory and identity. The ideological function also represents an expression of power by emphasising a series of prominent political leaders. This article analyses the imagology and symbolism of public monuments in the central area of Bucharest as elements that support the construction of national identity. Commemorative monuments dedicated to symbolic national political personalities from the period of the United Principalities and Royalty were analysed in terms of their role in remembering and forming the national identity. The evolution of these monuments and their significance were also analysed based on postcards, which were marked by a series of changes in how power was expressed and the formation of national identity in the communist and contemporary periods.
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Review of: Inventing Berlin. Architecture, Politics and Cultural Memory in the New/Old German Capital Post-1989/ Mary DELLENBAUGH-LOSSE, Springer, Cham, 2020, 197 p.
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This study aims to explore the visual discourse about women and their roles in the Romanian village, a discourse created by the picture postcards from the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th. century. To reach this aim, we considered the following objectives: to realise a typology of the used research material, to identify the main representations of women, to analyse the relationship between the representations of women and the other represented elements (men, children, rural landscapes, households, tools, etc.), to discuss the main features of the visual discourse about the women from the rural area, for the respective period, based on the previous identification of the elements that became iconic through repeated representation. We used a critical visual methodology and discourse analysis to explore the picture postcards that represented women from the Romanian village, underlining the connection between their meanings and the cultural reality. Our findings are useful for similar research on gender and its visual construction from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th.
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Review of: Alexandrina Cantacuzino și mișcarea feministă din anii interbelici [Alexandrina Cantacuzino and the Feminist Movement of the Interwar Years], edition of documents elaborated by Anemari Monica NEGRU, volumes I–II; Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgoviște, 2014, 345 p. (vol. I), 2019, 395 p. (vol. II)
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