![Niezapomniane mecze](/api/image/getbookcoverimage?id=document_cover-page-image_598527.jpg)
We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Although roots of franchising can be found in the 10th century (King Edgar and beer places) and in the first half of the 19th century in Germany, the first representatives of modern franchising can be found in the USA in the second part of the 19th century (Singer Sewing Center, General Motors and Coca-Cola) (Erceg, 2017). In the second part of the 20th century, there was a new phase of franchising development – business format franchise, which was introduced by McDonald’s and Ray Kroc. Business format franchising gained popularity and was spread worldwide by American fast food restaurants (McDonald’s, Subway, Dunkin Donuts, etc.). These fast food restaurant franchisors demonstrated to other service industries how to standardize and replicate successful business systems (Alon, 2014). Franchising entered countries in Eastern Europe at the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s when those countries switched to a market economy and allowed entrance of foreign companies and capital. It was then that the franchising revolution started, mainly by foreign franchisors entering the country, thus initiating actions of local entrepreneurs who started using franchising as a growth strategy as well.
More...
The definition of attractions is compound, ambiguous and difficult in practice and the reasons are the complex nature, a variety of typology of the sites referred to as attractions. The current paper explores the main challenges of managing the attractions as tourist resources at the destination level. The data of the empirical survey is covering Sofia city as a tourist destination. The main findings represent the complete lack of understanding of the ambiguity in the definition of attraction. Also, despite the variety, multiple attractions, Sofia city as a destination has no clearly recognized attractions, which has a direct impact on their management.
More...
The report presents key issues of the competitiveness of intermediation in medical tourism. The essence of tourist intermediation is clarified in the creation and realization of trips in order to improve or restore health through medical intervention. It has been made a differentiation between the tour operator and tour agent in the medical tourism industry. A competitiveness concept for the intermediate agency for medical tourism has been developed. The competitive environment of the medical-tourism intermediator is analyzed on the basis of the definition of factors concerning the surrounding environment (general surrounding), factors of the medical-tourism branch (operational environment) and internal factors (factors of the tourist intermediary). There are suggested guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of intermediation activity in medical tourism.
More...
The paper reflects an effort to pursue a monographic type of research of the uninvestigated regions of Serbia, and to update such research in terms of methodology (interdisciplinary approach). In this context our point of departure was a theoretic assumption of multilinear evolution through developmental stages in the change of culture under universal civilizational conditions, in which process the specific qualities of a contemplated culture also find their expression. The paper is based on ethnographic and other sources (historic, demographic, folkloristic) from the region of Arilje in western Serbia in the 1980s. It contains an analysis of empirical materials on aculturation processes in the investigated region, observed in stages of socio-cultural integration, on three levels: the level of rural community (traditional culture model), the level of the development of Serbia , from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cc (trades and commerce, exchange of goods, development of state institutions, etc.), and the level of contemporary transformation processes in the rural culture (industrialization, urbanization) of the second half of the 20th century. The closing part of the text highlights the problem of ethno-cultural identity preservation with the Arilje district inhabitants w ho seek shelter in a relatively moderate pace of social and demographic change, in the fairly tight bonds of kinship, in the expression of their inherited mentality features, and in the continuous presence of folk prose literature.
More...
Teaching of geography in elementary schools in Serbia in the XIX century is examined in the paper from the historical, pedagogical and methodological-didactic aspects. We believe that the study of this issue will contribute to the enrichment of historical and pedagogical-didactic knowledge of the teaching of geography as a forerunner of modern geography teaching in elementary school, as well as the clearing up of under-known facts from the history of the development of geography teaching in elementary school, but also the school and education in Serbia. The central issues of the paper are considered through a descriptive study of material from the primary and secondary sources and the theoretical analysis of the teaching problem: the representation of the subject of geography in the curricula, the goals and objectives of the subject, the organization of classes, tools, methods, textbooks, reports of the superintendent on the state of the geography teaching in elementary schools. Knowledge we obtained, we have tried to perceive in the context of the meanings they have for understanding and creating the modern conceptions of geography teaching in elementary school.
More...
The aim of this article is to present the reasons for the lack of security institutions in northeast Asia in the post-Cold War period and assess the Six-Party Talks ability to change this situation in the near future. In this article two theories of international relations will be applied to explain the current state of regional relations. A realistic perspective will be the dominant theoretical approach as it allows us to understand the situation in the region in terms of clash of interests in an anarchic reality. However, a few references to the theory of constructivism’s assumptions about the influence of culture are needed to better understand the specifics of the region
More...
This paper argues that Australia and Japan, taking a cooperative approach, are able to successfully re-shape the regional security architecture in the Asia-Pacific. Due to their ambiguous characteristics of being ‘in-between’ the East and the West, they are equipped with a unique set of tools allowing them to enhance the regional security cooperation framework. However, the question that remains is that of the shape of the potential cooperation and to what extent it would reflect the different – and sometimes contradicting – interests of regional players. The role of institutionalisation in the successful functioning of the security structure is discussed as well.
More...
In 2007, after 15 years of deliberations on human rights within ASEAN, it espoused the creation of a human rights body in its landmark ASEAN Charter. It came into being in 2009 as the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). The odds that AICHR will become a cornerstone of a human rights regime for ASEAN, or perhaps wider East Asia, are elaborated on in this paper. The divergence of opinions on the matter is significant. According to Surin Pitswuan, ASEAN’s current secretary general, it is expected to ‘pave the way for the growth of democracy and human rights in the region’ (ASEAN, 2009a).Thus, he sees the advisory and promotional competences of AICHR in an evolutionary perspective. Critics address its lack of independent enforcement and controlling or monitoring powers, deeming it a “toothless tiger” with little momentum to develop. It is too soon to tell anything definite, but I hypothesise that AICHR can be viably considered as the first piece of an evolving system of human rights protection. A Chinese adage points out that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. This being already done, the following paper focuses on the next ones.
More...
In this short article the author has tried to point out the hot spots for necessary institutional changes in Malaysia. As the term of financial crisis has been discussed among the leaders of ASEAN one can perceive indispensable changes on a social base. In regards to the 10th Malaysia Plan, it is also distressing that the government does not pay enough attention to the reasons for the slower than expected rate of economic development.
More...
This paper intends to examine the debates between realists and liberals on US-China relations since the end of the Cold War, with trade used as the primary case study to discuss and demonstrate the influence and effect of complex interdependence in this relationship. I will also use the findings of this research to predict a positive development of US-China relations.
More...
This paper gives an insight into Chinese-Burmese relations, focusing on important factors that have had an impact today. Firstly, it recaps the history of China and Burma. Secondly, it shows China’s two main reasons of engagement in Myanmar: the foreign one (the Malacca Dilemma) and the domestic one (the Western Development Strategy). Thirdly, it will summarize the consequences of Western sanctions on Myanmar. Fourthly, it shows the importance of Chinese influence on the present-day domestic situation in Burma. Fifthly, it presents the circumstances of the “Burmese thaw”. Finally, it providesan explanation on Burma’s importance in Chinese foreign policy and the implications of recent political changes in Myanmar for Chinese-Burmese relations.
More...
This paper presents an analysis of Chinese outward direct investments in Africa and projection of future investment flows. The motives that have led to a noticeable increase of these investments in Africa in the last 3 years were both based on the expansion to new markets and on cost minimization. The determinants associated with these motives in Africa are both primary commodity import, size of arable land, GDP, rule of law and trade relations.
More...