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4.50 €

The Power of Words: How Silent Spring Sparked The American Environmental Movement Through Debate and Diplomacy

Author(s): Shankar Jayashabari / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring, published in 1962, warned the public about the harmful effects of pesticides, specifically DDT. The book was not only a scientific warning but also a literary masterpiece that captivated the public and mobilized them to defend the environment. Carson faced criticism and personal attacks from pesticide companies but her work, along with her unconventional background as a woman in the male-dominated field of science, inspired citizens to take action. The grassroots movements and the National Environmental Protection Act of 1970 (NEPA) were some of the outcomes of Carson’s work. It can be said that Carson sparked the American environmentalist movement. However, it is important to note that other individuals, particularly women, such as Dorothy Colson and Mamie Ella Plyer, also played a role in raising awareness about the issue before Carson. Carson’s publication of Silent Spring was one of the most important causes of the DDT pesticide ban. The paper also highlights how Carson’s own background is often overlooked in most history research.

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The Other Side of Male Dominance: Prohibition of Pants 15

Author(s): Zeynep Özlem Üskül Engin,Dolunay Çörek Akyıldız / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paternalist mentality has tried to be revealed as a result of gender studies and has been criticized by feminists. Due to the “deficiencies” and “difficulties” of the woman’s body, the doors of the outside world were closed to her. This separation, which begins as soon as she is born, is a situation of marginalization that a woman will see and experience throughout her life. The clothes of nuns can be given as an example: In order to curb the body’s desires, the nuns’ clothing was aimed at reflecting the body based on decay, as a result of following an attitude that went as far as hating it. Recognition of freedom of dress will mean the removal of control over the female body. For this reason, the paternalist mentality that holds the politics in its hands has imposed bans on women wearing the trousers. This subject, which is at the intersection of law and gender, has been examined in this study. The effect of the gender rules that caused the prohibition of pants on the control of the female body was investigated, and then the prohibition of pants imposed on women in certain countries were examined in a chronological way. The study does not claim to bring the prohibition of pants under a holistic historical examination. In general, some historical examples are given with the emphasis on masculine domination. For Turkey, the problem was investigated on the basis of 1970 and later years. The place of the trousers ban in our country in the legislation was examined and the discussions on the abolition of the trousers ban were included in the parliamentary minutes. The ultimate aim of the study is to reveal the social struggle of women for the freedom to wear trousers.

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Colonial Prejudice Hunting The African Woman: The Case of Southern/West Cameroon (1916-2022)

Author(s): Charles Nda Agbor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Colonialism lived a negative indelible scar that pursues the rights of the African girl and woman till date. After the defeat of the Germans in Cameroon in 1916, the British and the French partitioned Cameroon. Britain later further divided its portion into British Southern and British Northern Cameroons and administered them as parts of Nigeria. From then on, women in this territory were marginalized by the British colonial administration. One would have expected a change after independence in 1961. Yet, that was not the case. This paper seeks to uncover some of the injustices perpetrated on the woman in West Cameroon during the British rule (1916-1961) and thereafter (1961-2022) despite her sacrifices. With the use of qualitative method, drown from a combination of primary (oral and archival) and secondary sources, it was observed that colonial tasks assigned to the woman and her treatment by the colonial authorities was not din. Their rights to social security were usurped. Even the breakdown of this territory into many slices sowed the seed of the Anglophone crisis that has lived the woman and the girl child perplex between the gun of government militia and that of secessionists. Today, many of them live with precarious situations as refugees in neighbouring countries or as internally displaced within Cameroon. This paper however recommends an effective decentralization in the absence of a federation as a long lasting solution to the problems of the girl child and mother in West Cameroon.

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The Relationship Between The Girl Child Marriage Problem and Gender Inequality: The Case of Türkiye

Author(s): Ayşe Nur Çiftçi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Everyone under the age of eighteen is considered a child by the United Nations. This requires those who marry before the age of eighteen to be expressed as a child marriage. Gender refers to gender roles in society, which include the rights and responsibilities that society provides to the individual, according to biological sex. The disadvantage between the genders is predominant in women compared to men. For this reason, when thinking about gender, it is directly perceived gender inequality practices such as the disadvantages of women in the work-life balance, their power reduction against men, their employment in low positions with low wages, and their exposure to the glass-ceiling syndrome. The study aims to assess whether the child marriage problem has the ability to be an important indicator of interregional gender inequalities. For this purpose, the relationship between the rank of gender inequality and the weight of women who had their first marriage under the age of eighteen was analyzed in this study. As a result of that, it can be concluded that the weight of the child marriage is acceptable as an indicator of gender inequality against women.

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Chinese Women in Transnational Marriage Migration 79 in Two British Cities

Author(s): Lan Lo,Dr Xia LIN / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper presents a joint research study involving ten couples in two British cities: Nottingham and London in UK that were interviewed to explore their transnational relationships, families, and experiences of marriage migration. This paper explores the following research questions in the context of Chinese women’s transnational relationship and marriage migration to the UK: 1. What are the culturally situated understandings and experiences of intimate citizenship between Chinese women and their partners? 2. How do Chinese women negotiate perceived cultural, national, and ethnic differences within their relationships? 3. How does transnational migration shape their experiences of intimacy, and vice versa? In terms of methodology the paper uses a qualitative interview-based approach. Thus, ten couples in two British cities were interviewed pre-pandemic who met the following criteria: 1) currently or previously in a committed relationship; 2) the Chinese woman was born in the mainland China; 3) the western partner was born in the UK. The interviews lasted approximately 90 minutes and took place at a time and place of the participant’s choice. The participation was entirely confidential, and their responses were anonymized, as per the British Sociological Association’s code of ethical research. The paper will set out the main findings from the data in areas of such as cultural differences, maintaining spousal relationships, transnational family ties, and employment issues. We will also define the future direction of travel of the research which will explore the extent to which these findings remain constant or have changed in the post-pandemic world. To this end, the original participants will be reinterviewed using the same methods as during the pre-pandemic phase. Our working assumptions are that the main difference will be in the area of employment issues and possibility in terms of maintaining spousal relationships. We predict at this stage that there will be fewer changes in relation to transnational family ties and cultural differences. This paper is original in three main ways: firstly, its focus on Chinese migrant women; secondly, its methodology and thirdly, its pre and post-pandemic comparative focus.

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Gendered Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in The Workplace in India

Author(s): Naureen Bhullar,Chryslynn D’Costa,Ishani Roy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions about sexual harassment among employees in the workplace in Indian companies and also examine gender differences in their responses. Prior research in the Indian context has shown that women have not reported incidences of sexual harassment at work. The main question is whether people in the workplace understand what is included in sexual harassment. Earlier research in educational institutions and workplace show that there are large gaps in the understanding of sexual harassment and what it entails and what it doesn’t. It is vital to investigate the perceptions about sexual harassment because if the individuals are not aware about it, there is a less chance of reporting related incidents. The current study surveyed employees (N = 1222; 71% men; 25% women; 4% unknown) anonymously from 12 Indian companies before a mandatory awareness and prevention of sexual harassment training session. Male employees reported a greater understanding of sexual harassment than females. However, more female employees reported greater accuracy for some of the questions related to false complaints and friendly flirting and consent. Nearly 50% of men either think that sexual harassment complaints are usually false or unjustified or they are not sure about it, compared to 26% of women. This is alarming and calls for better education with provision of statistics of complaints and false cases. It also seems that the women are more aware of the boundaries between flirting and sexual harassment than the men.

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Female Educational Leadership Between A Rock and A Hard Place

Author(s): Latifa Belfakir,Imane Zeryouh / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Most positions of leadership in education and other domains are still held by men. Although there has been a renaissance in the debate regarding the inclusion of female leadership, the underlying gender-power dynamics and stereotypes are still valid and exerted worldwide. Women’s contribution in general, and their representation in leadership positions in Morocco will remain insignificant without major changes, efforts and support. The aim of this phenomenological study is to explore the gender gap in female educational leadership; as well as addressing the biases and barriers contributing to it. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors and challenges that keep women away from educational leadership through the lens of experienced Moroccan women educationalists. The ultimate goal is not only to unveil the reality of this exclusion, but also to help support any woman apt to occupy an educational leadership position in Morocco.

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The Continuation of Gender Stereotyping and Patriarchal Mentality in The Post-Communist Albania

Author(s): Enkelejda Cenaj / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Albanian society continues to be characterized by patriarchal elements and gender-based prejudices, which, despite all the progress made, are still strong. During the period of the communist regime, there appears to have been an attempt by communist policies to include women in various fields to convey the idea of equal opportunities between women and men. Meanwhile, after the regime ended, the fragility of the state structures, the transition state of the society and the social events that society faced were strong. On their way, not all these events spared to bring down whatever progress that could have been achieved in the improvement of the status and role of women. Through this article, it is intended to investigate the impact of social and economic developments after the fall of the regime in the strengthening of patriarchal society and gender stereotypes, which constitute strong obstacles for the progress of girls and women, both in the personal and social spheres. The main research question developed in this article is: How did social developments in the first decade after the regime collapsed affected the strengthening of gender stereotypes? Relevant literature, studies, reports, and statistics were explored in depth for the conduction of this article, through which the impact of social changes in women roles and status is analyzed. The study concludes that the social economic developments after the fall of the regime served as a nutrient to further strengthen the patriarchal and stereotypical mentality especially gender stereotypes, significantly affecting the reduction of opportunities for girls and women for education, work, career development, etc., which further affected the fragile status and roles of girls and women within family and public sphere.

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The Effects of Gender Discrimination on Women’s Health

Author(s): Şükran Başgör / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Women are more impacted by gender inequality than men are, despite the fact that it has a detrimental impact on both men’s and women’s lives in numerous areas. The purpose of this study is to explore the negative consequences of gender discrimination on women’s health and to offer plausible remedies. Women’s lives are constrained by socially acceptable norms and standards that are expected to be upheld throughout their lives. These restrictions prevent women from engaging in activities that would help them develop as people and prevent them from fully realizing their potential. At the same time, considering women only on the basis of gender and being exposed to discrimination cause physiological and psychological health problems, especially negative perception of women’s body image, reproductive health problems, and violence. Gender discrimination, which is one of the obstacles to the protection and development of women’s health, is not only an individual issue that concerns the private but also a social problem covering the whole. In this direction, priority should be given to care services with the idea of positive discrimination against women. Midwives and nurses, who have a closer relationship with women in the provision of health care services, should identify and evaluate gender discrimination in the individuals they encounter. It should adopt a holistic approach by including not only women but also their spouses in the training and information meetings it plans to implement. With the understanding of interprofessional cooperation, policymakers should be given opinions on updating laws and policies regarding inequality and the problems experienced as a result.

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Utopian Works By Two Feminist Writers: Herland and Yeni Turan

Author(s): Senem Üstün Kaya / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Utopian novelists have provided alternative worlds for readers while criticizing the vices of current systems in their societies. Women writers, particularly, have tended to use utopias as vehicles to represent female struggle for emancipation in patriarchal societies. Notable feminist utopian writers, thus, have depicted a better life for women who are reduced to the secondary status and othered. The American author Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Turkish writer Halide Edip Adıvar are distinguished examples of the female utopian novelists in world literature. In Herland (1915), Gilman both eliminated and criticized the American concepts of inequality, sexism, rivalry and capitalism by creating a land which is governed by women. Similarly, Adıvar created a utopian political party, Yeni Turan, to express her ideals about the new Turkish women in Yeni Turan (1913). Therefore, this study aims at presenting how Gilman and Adıvar similarly depicted utopian visions in their novels to convey their social reform ideals and advocate women’s rights in patriarchal societies. Within this scope, based on the comparative analysis of Herland and Yeni Turan, in this study, it is concluded that Adıvar and Gilman similarly conveyed their ideals about women, who could educate new generations for prosperous nations within utopian visions.

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Women Claim Agency and Subjectivity: Assia Djebar’s Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade

Author(s): Ferma Lekesizalin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Francophone Algerian novelist, translator, filmmaker, and politician Assia Djebar’s semi-autobiographical novel, Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade, reflects the efforts of the narrator for retrieving her identity as a Maghrebi and Algerian woman. Bringing women, who claim their roles in the Algerian Independence, to focus, the narrator reconstructs history from women’s viewpoint which enables her to negotiate her own past and identity. In Fantasia, language and culture emerge as the fundamental medium in which the narrator’s ambivalence is constructed. Firmly rooted in the narrator’s experience of colonial domination, the narrative of estrangement and ambivalence is intertwined with her experiences of colonial and patriarchal oppression as a female in Algeria. Oppression, therefore, takes the form of multiple impositions in Djebar’s novel. Algerian women are doubly oppressed as colonial subjects and as subjects who struggle for gaining agency in a coercively patriarchal society and culture. A Francophone educated in the colonizer’s schools, the narrator’s identity dilemmas and ambivalence are directly related with the colonial occupation of Algeria. Yet, the reason why Djebar’s work occupies an iconic position in the postcolonial field and women’s literature is that it both depicts the traumas of being a colonial subject who is bereft of her identity and language and the dilemma of being a woman suppressed by Islamic patriarchy. Djebar’s novel deals with these traumas and dilemmas by situating itself within écriture feminine—women’s writing—which allows the writer to experiment with the narrative form in her quest for a purely female medium of expression. To depict the traumas of colonial occupation and patriarchy, Djebar employs a fragmented narrative which juxtaposes diversified and multiple forms ranging from historical accounts of decolonization to Algerian women’s voices. In this paper, I argue that as a mixture of autobiography, reconstruction of history, postcolonial narrative, and women’s writing, Assia Djebar’s Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade occupies a cutting-edge position owing to the way it confronts with the double oppression of colonization and patriarchy and shows resistance to the mainstream narratives of history and culture constructed from the male viewpoint.

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Reconfigurations of Female Gender Performance and Proto-Radicalism in Rachel Crothers’ A Man’s World

Author(s): Furkan Tozan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The intersection of first-wave feminism and literature has been a well-trodden path in academic scholarship, especially after the hectic and generative political climate of the 1950s and 1960s which saw the first discursively replete emergence of identity politics. Despite electoral and legal gains being the primary goals of first-wave feminist movements in the West, an underlying subtler current co-existed that aimed beyond the explicit agenda of these movements, imagined a fuller realization of gender equality, and in so doing anticipated the radicality of second-wave feminism. Situated in the transitory period before the First World War, Rachel Crothers, one of the earliest female American playwrights of the twentieth century, wrote extensively on the theme of gender and tackled systemic social issues facing women from all walks of life. Her A Man’s World, first produced in 1909, centers upon the female protagonist Frank Ware who has adopted an orphan boy named Kiddie as an act of solidarity with his biological mother Alice Ellery. Alice was disgraced, suffered and died as a result of the embarrassment and abandonment by her then lover, Malcolm Gaskell whom Frank has been inadvertently involved with as a romantic partner. The play follows Frank’s struggles in the turn-of-the-century New York as a single mother and a prototypical modern independent woman. Reaching beyond the general feminist discourse of the period, the unembellished portrayal of a woman who has internalized equality as a core governing value functions to starkly contrast with the traditional modes of gender performance of the pre-war United States. This study argues that A Man’s World conceives—ahead of its time—a unique socio-cultural radicality by offering a defiantly variant woman of principle who refuses to negotiate for anything short of the structural change her convictions envision in the world while heralding the concepts of feminist sisterhood, ethics, and pedagogy that would gain ground decades later.

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Yükseköğretim Kurumları için Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Planı Geliştirme: Caliper Projesi Deneyimi

Author(s): Mehmet Gokay Özerim,Güldan Kalem,Burcu Kiper / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this research is to discuss the key elements of the gender equality plan (GEP) development process in the universities and other research institutions, based on the experiences of the Gender Equality Plan preparation process at Yaşar University within the scope of the Horizon 2020 project titled “Linking Research and Innovation for Gender Equality (CALIPER)” from the perspective of the effects of the European Union financial supports on the institutional change process. The scope of the research includes the analysis process of the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews, focus groups and surveys conducted within the scope of internal and external current situation analysis, using qualitative and quantitative research methods. Through the research, main gaps in institutional processes, practices and procedures related to gender equality were identified under six key areas: human resources, institutional governance, research, teaching, institutional communication and gender-based harassment. The result of the research highlights the importance of evaluating the institutional factors and procedures with a multidimensional perspective in the planning and implementation of the institutional change process with respect to gender equality.

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Eğitim Fakültesi Öğretim Elemanlarının Cam Tavan Algılarının İncelenmesi

Author(s): Gülçin Terzi,Levent Deniz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bu çalışmanın amacı eğitim fakültelerinde görev yapan öğretim elemanlarının cam tavan algılarının ilişkisel tarama modeli ile incelenmesidir. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda öğretim elemanlarının cam tavan algılarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre farklılaşma durumlarının sınanması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma örneklemini 7 coğrafi bölgeden yansız küme örnekleme yoluyla seçilmiş 14 devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültelerinde görev yapan ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 495 öğretim elemanı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretim elemanlarının cam tavan algıları çoklu roller, kişisel tercih, mentorluk ve kalıplaşmış önyargılar alt boyutlarında düşük seviyede, informal iletişim ve mesleki ayırım alt boyutlarında orta seviyededir. Kadın ve erkek öğretim elemanları ile evli ve bekar öğretim elemanları farklı alt boyutların kadınların üst yönetim kademelerine gelmelerinin önündeki engeller olduğunu düşünmektedir. Yaşa dayalı olarak ulaşılan bulgulara göre 29 yaş ve altı öğretim elemanları informal iletişim ve mentorluk alt boyutlarının birer engel olduğu fikrine en yüksek düzeyde katılım göstermektedir. 60 yaş ve üzeri öğretim elemanlarına göre kalıplaşmış önyargılar alt boyutu kadınların yönetim kademelerine gelmelerinin önündeki engellerden biridir. Öğretim elemanlarının sahip oldukları çocuk sayısına göre çeşitli alt boyutlardaki algıları farklılaşmaktadır. Ulaşılan diğer bir bulguya göre profesör doktor unvanına sahip öğretim elemanları diğer unvanlara sahip öğretim elemanlarına kıyasla informal iletişim alt boyutunun kadınlar için bir engel olduğu fikrine daha az katılmaktadır. Öğretim elemanlarının mesleki tecrübelerine ve görev yaptıkları bölümlere göre de çeşitli boyutlarda cam tavan algılarının farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bölgesel farklılıklara dayalı olarak Türkiye’nin doğu bölgelerinde cam tavan engellerinin daha yüksek algılandığı ulaşılan bulgular arasındadır. İdari görev almış öğretim elemanları kalıplaşmış önyargılar alt boyutunun bir engel olduğuna daha çok katılmaktadır.

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Kadının Yoksullaşması: Sağlık Hakkı Bağlamında Hijyen Ürünlerine Erişim

Author(s): Elif Demirbaş,Meryem Erol,Aleyna Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to evaluate that women’s access to hygiene products within the scope of the right to health, in line with the titles of “no poverty”, “gender equality”, “good health and well-being”, “clean water and sanitation”, “reduced inequality”, which are among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Poverty is the state of being deprived of economic, social, and cultural rights as well as being unable to have adequate living conditions. While this situation reduces quality of life, on the other hand, it threatens the right to life. In order to use the right to life, individuals must have a biopsychosocial well-being. While poverty enables access to the right to health, the state of illness also causes poverty. The right to health is under constitutional guarantee as a feature of being a social state. However, the accessibility of this right to all individuals in society is limited by “adequacy of financial resources” in the constitution. So, there is injustice in accessing the right to health. In this respect, the responsibility of coping with economic crises depends on personal effort. Due to gender inequality, women are not well represented in education, employment, and politics. This situation limits women’s access to constitutional rights by making their needs invisible. The impoverishment of these women, whose access to rights is restricted, deepens their already disadvantaged position. Changes in the social structure cause poverty to be experienced differently by men and women. They also change the social status of women, bringing the concept of feminisation of poverty to the agenda. When women’s poverty is evaluated with the awareness that women have special needs, access to protective, preventive, curative, and rehabilitation services and the rights such as maternity leave, breastfeeding leave, menstrual leave, and abortion should be provided. Also, it should be ensured that products such as intimate cleaning products, sanitary pads, tampons, washable and reusable pads, and menstrual cups are accessible. Disadvantaged women experience problems in accessing health services and hygiene products. This causes some diseases. The inability to access appropriate treatment and services due to poverty also causes these diseases to become chronic. Women’s poverty, which has increased in parallel with the decrease in purchasing power in recent years, and the problems experienced in the pricing policy of hygiene products have brought women’s adequate and appropriate access to menstrual products back on the agenda. In addition, sustainable development goals, which have been on the agenda since 2015, also encourage the end of poverty, reducing inequalities and providing access to products and services. Within the scope of the right to health, policies should be developed by considering menstrual equality in facilitating women’s access to hygiene products. Considering the increasing poverty of women, practices should be developed to enable disadvantaged women to access these products. In addition, alternative products that can reduce the consumption of disposable menstrual hygiene products should be expanded. Also, these products should be accessible to every woman.

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Türkiye’de Kalkınma Planlarının Yapılandırmasında Kadının Güçlen(diril)mesi Paradigması ve Arka Plan Analizi

Author(s): Nuran H. Belet / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The goal of the Development Plans is to develop targets and tools to ensure a balanced distribution of all resources, economic activities and human capital of countries for economic and social development. With the policy objectives prioritized in the context of Development Plans, it is aimed to ensure and maintain economic development by building high welfare societies across the country with egalitarian policies. In the process of creating Development Plans, some groups and special areas should be supported with effective tools, with policies defined in an equal and fair manner for all segments of the society. At the beginning of these groups is the title of women. Especially in the context of the place of women in development, discussions continue from many different perspectives from the 1970s. Within the framework of the study, first of all, theoretical and conceptual explanations will be given about which paradigms and Feminist tradition processes the title of “women’s empowerment” is handled. Afterwards, the development plan tradition and the perspectives and paradigms of women’s empowerment in the preparation process will be mentioned. In particular, in the topics of empowerment and women, the approach that evolves into empowerment, strengthening and participation will be discussed and the transformation of the paradigm will be included. In this study, in terms of form and content, the background of which goals and paradigms are discussed under the title of “women’s empowerment”, which is considered to be one of the special areas that should be supported in the process of preparing the current development plans in the tradition of the Development Plan in Turkey. In this context, the current paradigm and its effects will be evaluated by analyzing the development plans separately. In the last part of the study, the positive and deficient aspects of the women’s empowerment approach are also discussed within the framework of Turkey’s Development Plan perspective.

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Türkiye’de Kadın İstihdamı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Author(s): Mukaddes Güler / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In parallel with the developments in the world and the phenomenon of globalization, social, cultural and technological changes have occurred and societies have evolved. However, unfortunately, despite many changes, perceptions and perspectives towards women in a patriarchal society have not changed. Therefore, women could not take a step forward in society and were forced to live in the background. This situation also confronted women when they wanted to enter the labor market. Despite the importance of women in economic development and in the workforce, the perceptions that they are seen as a secondary workforce and that they should work only in case of economic difficulties are reflected in the rates in the workforce. However, economic development is one of the important problems for the welfare of a country. In order to solve this problem, it is a critical point to focus on women employment for countries. However, the rates in Turkey show that female employment is very low compared to male employment in every field. In this study, the employment status of women is evaluated according to education, sector, occupation, unregistered employment and marital status by using literature review and Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) data. In addition, the problems faced by women in employment, such as gendered perspective, occupational discrimination, inequality in remuneration, insufficient educational opportunities, lack of career development opportunities, mobbing (psychological harassment) and sexual harassment are included. In the results section, suggestions were made to increase women employment.

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Coğrafyaya Cinsiyet Temelinde Yeniden Bakmak: Kuramsal Bir Tartışma

Author(s): Ceren Avcil / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The feminist theory essentially stands against the subordination of women vis-à-vis men, acknowledging that the lives of women and men, be it in the social, economic, political, or cultural sense, are shaped by the roles traditionally attributed to men and women and their distinct placements, positions, pursuits, etc. in society. Against this backdrop, the women’s movement, owing to its historically dynamic developments in scope and content, has urged authors to examine some long-neglected issues from the gender perspective. Among them is geography, which has been a topic of study for feminist theorists, researchers, and writers since the 1970s especially along with the advent of second-wave feminism. Owing to this background, building on the gender perspective to position women as the primary subject in geography has become a current, albeit long-hidden, pursuit in social sciences. In this context, criticisms of the classical restriction of women to certain spaces within the framework of the separation of public and private spaces have added visibility to discussions concerning the genders of geographies or spaces. The dynamic nature of geography in general and of spaces more specifically also points to how space and gender interact, shape, and transform each other. In fact, all interactions that guide women’s daily lives including actions, pursuits of existence, etc., happen within the confines of space and perceptions of such spaces also shape the role of women in society.

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Mekânsal Adaletin Ekofeminizm Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Sema Haritash Eroğlu,Duygu Koca / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Today’s humanitarian and environmental crises have revealed how important the mind/nature opposition can be. Dualisms male/female, mind/body, public/private, production/reproduction, which are the cornerstones of male culture, legitimize the underestimation and domination of nature. Opposing these dualisms, which render the sustainability action thought as an optimistic way out for ecological problems unsustainable, revealed the struggle for ecofeminism. Generally, ecofeminism advocates a combination of all systems of oppression that marginalize communities in terms of class, gender and race throughout the definition of rights and responsibilities, access to ecological information and decision-making processes. Within this framework, the objective of this study is to focus on how gender affects ecological processes while underlining that the social sustainability is at least as important as building technologies in space production. Here, the domestic space is the basic research sample and gender refers to the processes where identities are produced rather than gender roles. The study recommends the idea of collective living which enables the reconstruction of gender identities by publicizing the care-related part of domestic labor. To this end, a qualitative analysis was made of four examples of collective living projects that meet the preconditions of sustainability-equal participation. These samples, which carefully consider the concepts of labor and care, aim to enable ecological reform as well as social, economic and political reform.

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Sanat Pazarında Kadın Olmak ve Feminist Hareket

Author(s): Merve Mehtap Bulut,Serkan İlden / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Creating a work of art from the past to the present has always been a challenging process. If we look at this situation from a social point of view, the accessibility of art materials and the sensitivity and interest of the society in the field of art have played a role as slowing factors in the development of art. Along with such negative situations, especially female artists have been forced to stay in the background more than male artists due to both social and political situations. Women have not been able to represent themselves and take important positions in the history of art for centuries. Because of income inequality, society’s masculine idea of power and women’s workload in their private lives, it took until the 1960s for women to make their name known in the art world. While the radical revolutions in the 19th century and the new currents of thought that emerged as a result of these revolutions deeply affected art, feminist art emerged that affected the place and role of women in art. This movement aimed to emphasize the concepts of equality and freedom. Feminist art, which is seen as a revolutionary rebellion rather than a certain style, emphasizes the political and social differences that women artists are exposed to, while aiming to get rid of any discrimination. Since the Renaissance period, while women have been used as materials in art with their bodies and sexuality, they have begun to worry about entering the world of art as an “artist” with feminist art. In other words, women embarked on the adventure of seeking their own individuality within the feminist movement, thus the transition process of women from the object position under the pressure of the masculine power to the woman as the subject began in the history of art. In this paper, within the scope of both gallerists and collectors, the position, importance and changing role of the female artist in the process are examined, and the differences of being a female artist in the art market are emphasized by emphasizing the female artists who make-produce and sell.

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