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A first insight into the production of bone, antler and tooth objects at the Copper and Bronze Age site of Fulgeriş – La trei cireşi.

Author(s): Andreea Țerna,Lăcrămioara-Elena Istina / Language(s): English Issue: S1/2021

Artefacts from bone, antler and wild boar tusk were recovered from both Copper Age and Bronze Age contexts during the archaeological excavations at the site of Fulgeriș– La trei cireşi, between 2004 and 2013. The intention of this study is to offer a first characterization of the manufacturing process and to build up a classification based on morpho-functional and technological criteria. The assemblages are composed mainly of domestic equipment and one can observe a clear preference towards the exploitation of bone over tusks and antler. Due to the larger size of the Copper Age collection one can recognize the use of various methods of blank production : fracturing, bi-, quadri-and multi-partitioning, sectioning, while for the Bronze Age only fracturing and partitioning were identified. With few exceptions, the assemblage shows a low degree of elaboration, where shaping plays a marginal role in the transformation of the blanks.

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Ali-dede Bošnjak o porijeklu arapskog jezika (prema djelu Muḥāḍara al-ʼawāʼil wa musāmara al-ʼawāḫir)

Author(s): Berin Bajrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 70/2021

In his famous work Muḥāḍara al-ʼawāʼil wa musāmara al-ʼawāḫir, Ali-dede Bosniak pays considerable attention to cultural and historical topics such as art, language, literature, interpersonal relations and customs. At the very beginning of his work, Ali-dede explores the question of the origin and character of human language, paying special attention to Arabic language, considering it a primordial, divine and fundamental language of humanity. His considerations are focused on the question of the origin and status of Arabic language, as well as on its historical or diachronic development. The much talked about period is the time before the influence of Arabic poetry and the Qur’an, which goes far back in time and where it is difficult to discern what is truth and what is a myth. To make it easier to present, analyze and understand Ali-dede’s idea of the origin and importance of Arabic language, we will try to present it through several basic questions that this author considers in his work.

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Andrzej Szymański, „Ludowa” władza - nieludzki reżim. Opolanie pomiędzy sprzeciwem a współpracą (szkice historyczno-prawne)

Author(s): Paweł Fiktus,Marta Baranowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

Review of: Marta Baranowska, Paweł Fiktus - Andrzej Szymański, „Ludowa” władza - nieludzki reżim. Opolanie pomiędzy sprzeciwem a współpracą (szkice historyczno-prawne), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2019, ss. 153

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Animal management in the Latène settlement (2nd century BC – 1st century AD) at Săvârșin, Arad County

Author(s): Georgeta El Susi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

89 fragments from the Coțofeni levels and 890 from the Dacian levels make up the fauna sample from Săvârșin. Except for 106 remains collected from the southern terrace (T3/ S13), situated 19 m below, the majority of bones originated from the plateau. Only 575 fragments of the total were assigned to mammals, one to a freshwater fish and 314 are not specified. Domestic segment includes 498 fragments (86.61%) compared to 77 fragments (13.39%) from wild species. Cattle dominate as number of fragments (40.7%), followed by pig with 31.3%, small ruminants with 11.65%, and horse with 2.96%. The hunting is lesser practiced, accounting for 13.39%. The interspecies ratios are maintained as minimum number of individuals (NMI), cattle accounting for 35.4%, followed by pig with 31% and ovicaprids with 16%. The disparity in percentages between taxa reflects a different distribution of their remains by body parts. In comparison to cattle, more maxillary remains were retained in pigs, resulting in a large number of individuals. Sheep and goat account for about 16% of the total individuals, while horse just 3.54%. Game represents 15%, with an emphasis on red deer exploitation. The taxon records 11.65% as NISP, and 8.85% as NMI. While the forested habitat was favourable for them, roe deer, wild boar, and bear had a minor contribution to the diet. Cattle and sheep were mostly slaughtered in their adult and mature stages, suggesting their bred for milk, hides, wool, labour (cattle), and secondary for meat. Goats were relatively numerous within the small ruminant herds, being largely kept for meat. The rugged terrain was conducive to their growth. The pig was exploited for meat round-year. Horse meat was rarely eaten. Hunting covered a small part of the flesh requirements and was done occasionally.

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ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINES, GYNOCENTRISM AND GIMBUTAS’ RECEPTION INSIDE ARCHAEOLOGY AND BEYOND

Author(s): Julia Mattes / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2021

Gimbutas’ topicalisation of gynocentrism was of great significance in stimulating the study of figurines, influencing the humanities beyond archaeology, as well as a variety of international socio-political movements. The creations have a long tradition of being linked to fertility and suffer a predominantly one-sided treatment in research. In this context, the intellectual history of the interpretation of prehistoric social living conditions is analysed, critically questioned and the extent to which historically evolved role models are present in past and recent research is examined. On the basis of selected examples, the methods of ethnological analogy and stylistic analysis are used to contribute to the interpretation of the decorations of the SE European Neolithic material. Additionally, an application-related interpretation is proposed for the Cucuteni-Tripolye figurines of the Poduri set. The second part addresses the impact history of Gimbutas’ opus. Regardless of the justified methodological criticism, its various imprints on e.g. ethnography, feminist studies, as well as outside academia will be acknowledged. The contributions profoundly inspired a variety of societal currents in the USA, Germany and post-socialist Lithuania.

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Archaeological evidence on land farming in the Someș river Plain – north-western Romania (1st century BC?)

Author(s): Ioan Stanciu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

We discuss here a ploughshare (iron-made) discovered in the settlement of Lazuri–Lubi-tag, a site inhabited over the course of different periods, the Middle and Late La Tène included. Accurate parallel cultural artefacts from the Celtic milieu of Western Europe yet also within the Celt-colonised territories of Central Europe were chronologically framed to LT D and particularly, LT D1. Connected to the Late La Tène horizon of Lazuri was also identified a silver Celtic coin, Simmering type, hence based on the short time span during which such coins were minted (more likely 70–40 BC) and the date when the Lazuri specimen might have been buried, the LT D inhabitancy may be reasonably established to mid 1st century BC, with a somewhat extension around such date. Unfortunately, the ploughshare cannot be directly associated with other materials, pottery or different artefacts, therefore its connection to one of the two stages of the La Tène inhabitancy remains problematical. The LT C1 dating cannot be excluded, yet if one bears in mind the chronological positions suggested for its parallels, the symmetrical plough metal component of the sort being better represented in the Late La Tène, the northern Carpathian area included, then it is more likely that such dating also suits the discussed exemplar, namely around the landmark provided by mid 1st century BC, somewhat extending bi-directionally.

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Archaeology across the ocean Interview with Professor Ashley Dumas - University of West Alabama

Author(s): Vasile Diaconu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Interview with Professor Ashley Dumas by Vasile Diaconu.

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Archaeometric Analyses of Transylvanian Metal Artefacts. Case Study: The Scythian Necropolis of Sâncrai (Alba County)

Author(s): Gabriel Balteș,Mihai Gligor,Ioana D. Dulamă,Cristiana Rădulescu,Sofia Teodorescu,Raluca M. Știrbescu,Ioan Alin Bucurică,Sorina Geanina Stanescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The Scythian necropolis of Sâncrai (Alba County) was investigated in 2016, which led to the discovery of 95 burials (inhumation and cremation). The study of the tombs revealed a rich funerary inventory, composed mainly of ceramic vessels of different shapes and sizes; weapons such as akinakes daggers, spearheads and arrowheads; ornaments including amber beads, kauri shells, kaolin, earrings, loop rings, saltaleoni type bracelets and clothing appliqués; and harness elements, including horsehair and quiver appliqués. The purpose of this paper is to describe the archaeometric analyses of metal pieces recovered from this site.A combination of non-invasive/micro-destructive analytical techniques (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and statistical methods (cluster analysis, using SPSS Statistics) was used to obtain comprehensive information about the studied metal artefacts. In this respect, 16 metallic samples were investigated to establish the samples’ defects as well as their elemental and molecular composition. Overall, the analytical and statistical analyses show us that the metallic samples can be split into three groups based on composition: iron, copper-tin/bronze and gold-silver. In these groups, samples present a strong correlation, suggesting that they were created using similar minerals.

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Artefacte de piatră şlefuită din eneolitic şi epoca bronzului descoperite în Depresiunea Neamţ

Author(s): Vasile Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVII/2008

In this work, the author present a sum of lithic artefacts wich belong to the Chalcholithic and Bronze Age communities in the Neamt Depression. To restore a lot of economic and social aspects of the prehistoric communities, beside archeological informations, we used experimental and microscopical observations.

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Aşezarea dacică de la Gâdinţi, com. Sagna, jud. Neamţ

Author(s): Vasile Ursachi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXX/2001

Pendant l'année 1972 on a fait des fouilles archéologiques dans le point denomme "Dealul Buzdugan" ou "La Manolache Stafie" du village Gâdinţi, com. Sagna, dep. de Neamţ où se sont découverts des beaucoup établissements des époques diverses.

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At the onset of the Micoquian in Central Europe: raw material constraints and technological versatility at Neumark-Nord 2/0 (Germany)

Author(s): Andrea Picin / Language(s): English Issue: S1/2021

After the Eemian, Neanderthals of Central Europe produced new stone tools for coping with the increased seasonality and climatic deterioration of the Last Glacial. This new cultural tradition is named Micoquian, and is characterized by a broad range of asymmetric backed bifaces, foliate artefacts and bifacial scrapers. Despite the abundant number of sites and the broad geographical expansion, technological information on the early stages of development of the Micoquian are still few. This paper presents new data on the lithic assemblage of Neumark-Nord NN2/ 0, a Micoquian occupation dated to the MIS 5c/ 5a. The results point out a technical continuity with the previous Eemian settlements whereas the production of backed bifaces shows to be associated to new strategies of raw material economy in the technological context of Quina scrapers. This behaviour is different from other sites in Central Europe suggesting that the emergence of the Micoquian at the beginning of the Weichselian followed different trajectories.

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Bacteriological Characteristics of Contemporary Wood During Soil Deposition in Anoxia Conditions at the Biskupin Archaeological Site (Poland) - Petrifilms™ as an Alternative for Conventional Bacteriological Media

Author(s): Zbigniew Wyżewski,Julitta Gajewska,Hanna Rekosz-Burlaga,Leszek Babiński,Bogusława Waliszewska,Monika Sitarek-Andrzejczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The paper presents results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the composition of saprophytic and pathogenic microflora colonising contemporary wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus sp.), deposited for eight years in peat soil, under anoxia conditions at two measuring stations located at the fortified settlement of the Lusatian culture in Biskupin. Qualitative determinations of bacteria were performed based on the analyses of their cultural, morphological, physiological, and bio-chemical characteristics. Petrifilms™ and conventional bacteriological media were used for quantitative analyses. Bacteria in the examined wood and surrounding soil were identified as belonging to species, including those of the genera Pseudomonas, Clostridium (Cl. butyricum/beierinckii, Cl. perfringens), Bacillus, Corynebacterium, bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae, as well as aerobic and anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria. An important correlation between the standard pour plate method and PetrifilmTM was observed. Petrifilms are an effective alternative, in comparison with traditional methods, for the determination of total bacterial counts for wood samples.

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Badania archeologiczne na Ukrainie nad Dunajem w miejscowości Kartal/Orłowka

Author(s): Magdalena Przysiężna-Pizarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

The main purpose of this article is to present archaeological research in 2013 in Kartal/Orłowka, which concerned the discovery of the multicultural complex and its cemetery. The discovered cemetery is connected with an eneolite and the Bronze Age. Burials discovered during the excavaction were arranged in a fetal position (shrunken on the right side, legs pulled up under the chest), with a double burial, and equipment in the form of a bowl and a small vessel was found. Human bones were preserved in a poor condition, damaged due to the soil in which they were located and a small depth. Research developed the concept associated with the Eneolithic period and the early Bronze Age near the Danube river.

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Bird remains from the Starčevo and Lengyel culture settlements of the site Alsónyék-Bátaszék (South-western Hungary)

Author(s): Erika Gál,Anna Zsófia Biller,Éva Ágnes Nyerges,Anett Osztás / Language(s): English Issue: S1/2021

In this paper, the first Starčevo (Early Neolithic) and Lengyel culture (Late Neolithic) avian assemblages from Hungary are presented. The abundance of remains and identified wetland species in the Starčevo period sample of Alsónyék-Bátaszék located in south-western Hungary fits into the stereotype of the Körös culture localities from the eastern part of country indicating the frequent exploitation of aquatic resources by fowling, fishing and gathering. Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is first identified for the Neolithic avifauna of Hungary. Its presence in both the Starčevo and Lengyel period samples suggest that this species may have nested in the Mecsek or Villány Mountains during the 6th– 5th millennia BC. Interest in fowling at Alsónyék-Bátaszék seems to have declined towards the Late Neolithic according to the drop both in the quantity and diversity of birds. Nevertheless, wings, feathers and bones of diurnal birds of prey and owls proved to have been selected both for raw material and ornaments, and ritual purposes during the Lengyel Period

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BOVINELE ÎN VIAȚA COMUNITĂȚILOR DIN PRIMA FAZĂ A CIVILIZAȚIEI CUCUTENI-TRIPOLIE: ÎNTRE ECONOMIC ȘI SIMBOLIC

Author(s): Loredana Solcan,George Bodi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2021

The article analyzes the link between cattle and the human communities from the first phase of evolution of the Cucuteni-Trypillia civilization, in an attempt to establish the role and place of these animals in the economic life and in the imaginary of the Eneolithic world. These links were pursued on two levels. On the one hand, we reviewed the types of representations of this animal as well as the main directions for their interpretation. On the other hand, we took into consideration the archaeozoological data. The corroboration of these two information sets allowed us a more profound understanding of these animals' importance for the Cucuteni-Trypillia world, and also a thorough interpretation of the different ways to represent cattle.

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Ceramica de tip Cucuteni C descoperită în staţiunea Fulgeriş-Dealul Fulgeriş, com. Pânceşti, jud. Bacău

Author(s): Lăcrămioara-Elena Istina,Ruxandra Alaiba / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXV/2006

Dans la station Fulgeriş-Dealul Fulgeriş on découverte aussi la céramique de type Cucuteni C, qui fait le sujet de cet article. La céramique de type Cucuteni C c’est un élément important pour le définit la spécifique de la céramique cucuteniene de la phase A.

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CERAMICA GETO-DACICĂ DESCOPERITA ÎN DAVA DE LA RĂCĂTĂU, COMUNA HORGEŞTI, JUD. BACĂU

Author(s): Viorel Căpitanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XVIII-XIX/1987

L' établissement fortifié dacique de Răcătău est situe sur la terrasse de gauche du Siret (l'antique Hierassus) et a été identifié par nous à la TAMASIDAVA de la Geographie de Ptolémée...

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Cercetări le arheologice in Dava de la Răcătău-Tamasidava, intre anii 1992-1996

Author(s): Viorel Căpitanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXVI/1/1997

On presente les résultats des fouilles archéologiques des années 1992-1996, des sections XXXV-XLII, de l'acropole a insi que dans la zone d'entrée vers est, où actuellement il y a la plantation des noix et où il a été découvert le premier fossé géto-daque d'une ouverture de 4,5 m et la profondeur de 3,5 - 4 m. Le deuxieme fossé se trouve dans la zone d' accès vers l'acropole, environ 40-50 ni près du premier.

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Ceştile dacice ornamentale din dava de la Răcătău, judeţul Bacău

Author(s): Viorel Căpitanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXV/1994

L'auteur présente plus de 130 tasses daciques découvertes à Râcâtău, employées comme lumignon, ou pour les banquets, ceremonies, inhumations etc.

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CETATEA DACICĂ DE LA MOINEŞTI

Author(s): Viorel Căpitanu,Vasile Ursachi / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: XVIII-XIX/1987

A I'occasion de recherches arheologique sur le territoire de la viile de Moineşti, pres de quartier Lucăceşti, a une altitude de 925 m, dans le point "Cetăţuia" a été découverte un nouvelle habitation géto-dacique avec un enceinte de quel-i ques cents metres carrés d'une forme rectangulaire...

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