Tefsîru ve’d-Duhâ li’l-Hammâmî Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Muhammed Tevfîk Bosnevî’nin Tefsir Metodu

Author(s): Mehmet KILIÇARSLAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The 19th century constitutes the most unsteady period of the Ottoman Empire on the basis of military, political and scientific senses. Although not as much as in previous centuries, respected scholars and mystics continued to be upbrought in this century. Muhammed Tevfîk Bosnevî Efendi (1866) is one of the leading scholar mystics who upbrought in the Ottoman science and wisdom climate in the aforementioned period. After he was promoted to the caliphate post in eleven sects carrying out active guidance activities in Istanbul, he consented to become a devout disciple of the famous Halwati-Shabani Sheikh of the time, Kuşadalı İbrahim Efendi, and received his ijazah by completing the entire course of mystical training under his supervision. Upon the death of his sheikh, he took the position of guidance and assumed the duty of guidance for twenty years. He also adopted the understanding of ignoring the cult rituals such as the crown, cardigan, and fleece, which were the most distinctive qualities of his sheikh, and disregarded such images throughout his life. He has a deep knowledge of Islamic sciences such as fiqh, tafsir, hadith and kalam, as can be understood from the works that were written by his students in the lesson circles called Council [Majlis]. In this study, which examines the work named "Tefsîru ve'd-Duhâ li'l-Hammâmî", his hermeneutics method is discussed.

Dergüzînî Hasan Rıza ve Mecelle’ye Tetimme Mahiyetindeki Eseri

Author(s): Fatih YAKAR / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

It is evident that the Ottoman state made radical reforms to overcome the crises it had fallen in various fields, especially since the Tanzimat era. In this context, the preparation and codification of “Majalla-i Ahkām-i Adliyya” is undoubtedly one of the most important events of both the Ottoman legal history and the history of Islamic law. It is not a whole and complete civil law since it mainly covers debts, partly property and judicial /procedural law. “Munākahāt ve Mufārakāt” subjects corresponding especially to the field of family law and the related law articles are not included in Majalla. The work that forms the basis of our paper was written precisely to fill this gap. The work in the nature of translation and commentary of Kadri Pasha’s book, al-Ahkām al-shar'iyya fi al-Ahvāl al-shahsiyya, which is a draft law, was born out of the need for a compact text on family law. It is also a response to the criticisms in his era towards the Islamic Family Law verdict. Its preparation about twenty years before the Family Law Decree is also a helpful clue in analyzing the nature of the work. In addition to translation, Hasan Riza strives to make the marriage contract, the responsibilities of the spouses, divorce, lineage and alimony subjects understandable, and to respond to the criticisms on these issues. When his effort is evaluated together with the religiously referenced commentary he made to Qānūn-i Asāsī , it can be described as the proof of the accuracy of the family law judgment, especially in the classical fiqh literature, and the defense of the conformity of these provisions to intact human nature.

Atti del settimo convegno RBS. International Studies on Biblical & Semitic Rhetoric, F. Graziano – R. Meynet – B. Witek (ed.), Seria: RBSem 30, Leuven: Peeters 2021

Author(s): Jerzy Bosowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2021

Relativna rečenica u suri al-Naḥl

Author(s): Vedad Hurić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2021

This paper deals with the morphosyntactic analysis of the Arabic asyndetic and syndetic relative clause. The paper aims to examine the morphosyntactic structure and provide a description of the analyzed sentence. The research question to be answered is what the most common typological properties of the relative clause are in the processed corpus. By quantifying and interpreting examples, and applying universal typological parameters and comparing them with the Bosnian translation equivalent, the paper ultimately provides a description of the most common typological properties of a relative sentence in the Qur’anic surah al-Naḥl.

Stilistika u tekstovima iz tefsira prema djelu Safvetu t-tefasir

Author(s): Jusuf Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2021

Review of: Muhamed Ali es-Sabuni, Safvetu t-tefasir, tefsirun li l-Kur’ani l-kerimi, prvi, drugi i treći tom, treće izdanje, Daru s-Sabuni, Kairo, 1980.

Ubûdî-i Gülşenî’nin Der Fazîlet-i İlm ü Amel ve Kabâhat-i Cehl ü Kesel Adlı Mesnevisi

Author(s): Muzaffer Kılıç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

: In this study, the text of ‘Ubūdī-ye Gulshanī’s mathnawi Dar Fazīlat-e Ilm o Amal wa Qabāhat-e Jahl o Kasal (On the Virtue of Knowledge and Good Deeds and Immerit of Ignorance and Idleness), who is known to had lived in Egypt between the second half of the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century, will be examined. In this work of 359 couplets, which resembles a folk-type mathnawi and begins with a long introduction, the virtues of collecting knowledge and doing good deeds with it by avoiding ignorance and laziness as a religious obligation are mentioned. Throughout the mathnawi, the importance and obligation of seeking knowledge are emphasized by making direct quotations from the Qur’an verses and hadiths. As a matter of fact, this mahthawi, which emphasizes that the reason for the creation of mankind is to learn knowledge and find Allah, and that it should be on the path of knowledge from cradle to grave, is an example of an nasīhatnāma on knowledge that is rarely seen in Ottoman literature. The only known copy of this mathawi of ‘Ubūdī is located in Istanbul University Rare Books Library, Turkish Manuscripts number 1931. There is no information in the manuscript that determines the identity of the author other than the pseudonym of ‘Ubūdī. For this reason, in order to determine the identity of the poet with the pseudonym ‘Ubūdī, Ottoman sources were examined and three people using this pseudonym were discovered. Of these three people, it is seen that the poems in the ‘Ubūdī-ye Gulshanī’s Manāqib-e Awliyāye Misr (The Lives of Egyptian Saints) are similar in language and style to the poems in the knowledge and ignorance themed mathnawi, and even some couplets are almost the same. Based on these similarities, it was concluded that the mathnawi entitled Dar Fazīlat-e Ilm o Amal wa Qabāhat-e Jahl o Kasal belongs to ‘Ubūdī-ye Gulshanī, one of those poets with the pseudonym of ‘Ubūdī. There is no information about the epithet, lineage and progeny of this secluded poet whose name is not mentioned in biographical and bibliographic sources. What is known about his life is due to his work called Manāqib-e Awliyā-ye Misr. ‘Ubūdī, one of the living witnesses of the developments in Egypt, deals with many details about religious and social life there in Manāqib-e Awliyā-ye Misr. Therefore, a lot of information about the environment he lived in and the people he was in contact with can be accessed. Based on the historical poems he wrote for various reasons such as religious and historical figures and the construction of architectural works, it is understood that ‘Ubūdī was in Egypt beginning from a date before 1597 until 1611. It is known that ‘Ubūdī-ye Gulshanī first affiliated to Ali Safvetī Efendi, the grandson of Ibrahim-i Gulshanī, one of the sheikhs of Gulshaniyya order, and then, after his death, Sheikh Hasan Efendi, Ali Safvetī Efendi’s brother. In this study, ‘Ubūdī-ye Gulshanī and the unknown aspects of his life will be emphasized on the occasion of his mathnawi Dar Fazīlate Ilm o Amal wa Qabāhat-e Jahl o Kasal, which has not been the subject of an academic study before. This mathnawi, which starts with a long introduction in the characteristic of tawhīd in accordance with the classical order, continues with praise of the Prophet and the four caliphs. After that, the transition to the main topic is made with the title “Dar Fazīlat-e Ilm o Amal wa Qabāhat-e Jahl o Kasal”. There are many hadiths in the form of titles in this section. These hadiths are translated and annotated with one or more couplets and various virtues of knowledge are mentioned. In addition, there is a tale titled hikāyat (story) and a verse translation of an disciple looking for the tree of immortality in Rūmī’s Mathnawī-ye Ma‘nawī. Mathnawi ends with the khātima section titled “Münājāt wa Khatme Kitāb”. In this section, ‘Ubūdī begins the pleading with the verse “Pray to me and I will respond to you” (al-Mu'min 40/60) and completes his work by praying to the person to whom his mathawi is presented and to those who read and say amen. In this article, a brief biography of ‘Ubūdī-ye Gulshanī, as reflected in the sources, his works, known poems and the analysis and text of his mathnawi Dar Fazīlat-e Ilm o Amal wa Qabāhat-e Jahl o Kasal will be included. In the analysis section, firstly, the copy of the mathnawi in the Istanbul University Rare Books Library is described, then the language, style and spelling features of the author are emphasized, and the genre and form characteristics of the work are mentioned. In the last part of the analysis section, the mathnawi is evaluated in terms of its content and its summary is given. In the conclusion section, there is a general evaluation by presenting the inferences about the work. In the second section of the article, there is transcripted text of ‘Ubūdī’s mathnawi Dar Fazīlat-e Ilm o Amal wa Qabāhat-e Jahl o Kasal. The translations of quotations such as Qur’an verses, hadiths and proverbs in the text are given and their sources are shown in the footnotes. In addition, the verses and hadiths given in translation and the stories and quotations taken from other sources are identified and their sources are shown.

Eğitim Yönetiminin Geleneksel Dini Hükümler ve Çağdaş Yönetim Kuramları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Şevket Yalçın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2022

While creating the theoretical framework of this study, which aims to evaluate the characteristics that should be present in educational administrators according to traditional religious provisions in terms of contemporary management theories, texts containing traditional religious provisions, scientific and scientific studies related to the subject were used. While aiming to explain what are the characteristics that educational administrators should carry according to traditional religious provisions, another purpose of the study is to examine these characteristics in terms of contemporary management theories. Traditional religious provisions and contemporary management theories clearly formulate the characteristics that educational administrators should bear. In this regard, the main reference point and the main basis of this study are the principles and principles for the basis established within the framework of modern management theories along with traditional religious provisions. When the characteristics that should be found in managers within the framework of traditional religious provisions and in terms of modern management theories are examined, it is actually seen that there are many similarities.

Zaboravljena dostignuća islamske civilizacije

Author(s): Haris Dervišević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Ahmed Essa i Othman Ali, Studije o islamskoj civilizaciji: muslimanski doprinos renesansi, preveo Munir Drkić, Centar za napredne studije, Sarajevo, 2016.

Yesevî’de Bel Bağlamak

Author(s): Muhammet ATASEVER / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

Turks began to recognize Islam about two centuries after the Hijra. In addition, since they found it suitable for their old beliefs and lifestyles, they adopted it with almost all its elements in a period of about two hundred years and came to Anatolia as the flagbearers of Islam. The architects of this process were undoubtedly the Turkish dervishes who emerged among the nomadic, newly converted Turkish, and who tried to convey the revelation as how to live a life in accordance with God's commands and hadiths. The method used by the Turkish dervishes to adopt the new religion paved the way for the development of new and different schools of Sufism. The first and most influential of these schools, which systematized in the process and formed their own institutions, is Yesevism led by Khodja Ahmed Yesevî. Khodja Ahmed created Divan-i Hikmet by melting the Turkish nation's own cultural resources in the crucible of Islam. His words of wisdom transcended ages and borders, and his influence reached from Central Asia to the interior of Europe. This study examines the Divān-i Hikmet of Khodja AhmEd Yesevi, the founder of the aforementioned school and the first person to consider when it comes to Turkish Sufism, which is the pioneering work of Turkish Sufism, from three different perspectives, on the axis of "binding".

Kurtubî’nin Morfolojik Temelli Anlam Arayışı

Author(s): İsmail Erken / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2023

As an Arabic term sarf, morphology; is the science of creating a new or similar structure from the main form in terms of meaning and with appropriate transformations or additions to what is meant to be expressed and examining the words formed in this way. The Qur'ān, revealed in Arabic to being understood, also becomes the subject of Arabic linguistics and sarf. While interpreting the Qur'an, commentators, and linguists have also benefited greatly from the science of morphology. Abū Abdallāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Qurṭubī (d. 671/1273) used morphology to understand and explain in al-Jamī' li-'Aḥkām al-Qur'ān. One of the most distinctive features of his tafsir is that philological explanations, including morphology, are included in the explanation of the ayah. Qurṭubī made a structural analysis of the words in the verse and gave morphological information about them, and he dealt with the details and exceptions in terms of form. Considering the morphological situations of words, he tried to make the meanings of words understandable. However, another issue that should be emphasized during the research is that Qurṭubī reaching meanings that cannot occur with these rules by moving from the rules of morphology. It is noteworthy that Qurṭubī made these applications in cases such as the characteristics of the wording, the differences in reading, the context in which the word is found, za’id (excess), hazf (reduction), etc. The study has been limited by reviewing the information Qurṭubī gave in the process of understanding and explaining the ayahs and based on his comments on singular-dual-plural, masculine-femininity, and certainty-uncertainty, which are among the subjects of morphology. In these three subjects, research has been done in tafsīr, the subject has been studied through examples related to the subjects, and explanations, evaluations, and assumptions have been made about the subject. In this study, the samples were examined in detail by considering them from different angles, and the subject was conveyed in a way that focused on the meaning.

Die philosophisch-dialektische Arbeitsweise und das theologische Selbstverständnis des Niketas von Byzanz

Author(s): Manolis Ulbricht / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2022

The article explores the argumentative context of the anti-Islamic work by Nicetas of Byzantium (9th century) titled Refutation of the Qur’an (Ἀνατροπὴ τοῦ Κορανίου). The study is based on three core passages of his work: Through a philological examination of the work’s foreword, the symbiosis of secular and ecclesiastical power expressed in the so-called Programma is examined. Then, the Apology of the Christian faith is unfolded in its main lines of philosophical argumentation presenting Nicetas’ train of thought from the “power of God” to the “Trinity of the Godhead”. Finally, the polemic’s Methodological Passages are examined, in which Nicetas sets out the foundations of his subsequent argumentation against Islam. The opus magnum of Nicetas of Byzantium is one of the most influential within Byzantine polemics against Islam until the Palaiologan Era. The present study is intended to contribute to a closer examination of his oeuvre and to place it in the historicaltheological context of his time.

Osmanlı’dan Günümüze İstanbul Selâtîn Camileri ve Görevlileri

Author(s): İshak KIZILASLAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

In this article, the effective and authoritative position of religious officials and especially those working in Sultan mosques in social and political issues from the Ottoman period to the present has been emphasized. The duties other than imam and muazzin, which are peculiar to Sultan mosques, are explained. Another aim of the article is to examine the current situation of Sultan mosque officials in a comparative way with its historical position. This study will only examine the officials of the Sultan mosques in Istanbul. In order to achieve these goals, first of all, studies that have been made so far in the form of encyclopedia articles, archive documents, stand-alone books and articles about Sultan mosques and their officials have been examined. In order to be able to analyze the positions of these mosques and those who work there today, a survey and evaluation of the imams and muazzins who are currently working in Istanbul Sultan mosques are included.

İslâm Hukukunda Kadının Diyeti Meselesinin Fıkhî Yönden Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Fatiha BOZBAŞ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Women are more visible in economic and public life than before. This visibility has led to a change in the social perspective towards women in recent centuries. Some provisions regarding women, which are generally accepted in classical fiqh teachings, have started to be discussed again. It has also started to be seen that the existence of different perspectives has emerged within these discussions. The issue of the amount of the victim's diya, which is included in the field of Islamic criminal law, is one of the issues that has been discussed on a different ground recently in this context. The view that the diya penalty of a woman is half of that of a man has been generally accepted and practiced since the early periods of Islam. However, the issue, which has come to the agenda again with the conferences and articles written recently, has formed the basis of heated disputes. Considering the importance of the legal aspect of the subject, it is aimed to deal with the issue in detail in this study. Then, the evidences of the critical view that "the diya of a woman is the same as that of a man" will be explained. Finally, the points of disagreement on the subject will be determined, and a result will be tried to be reached by considering the opinions and evidences mentioned in the general framework.

MEKTEB I MEKTEPSKA POUKA ISLAMSKE ZAJEDNICE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI-ANALIZA, ISKUSTVO I PREPORUKE

Author(s): Enes Svraka / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

This article presents some basic information about maktab and maktab teaching of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina and analyses the data of maktab classes in academic 2021/2022., its, the application of the Teaching Plan and Programme and Ilmihal (the textbook). It also presents information about meshihats and umbrella organizations of the Islamic Community of the Bosniaks in the diaspora who have started the procedure of adaptations of the Teaching Plan and Program for the maktab class in their areas. The article focuses on the application of a single Teaching Plan and Program of the maktab class, the statistical analysis of the same, and some suggestions for its improvements. Another significant issue of the maktab class is the number of students attending it. Here we presented the data with the analysis of the number of enrolled students and regular attendees of maktab class in academic 2021/2022. This data is presented and analysed on the level of the organizational units of the Islamic Community: meshihats, muftiships, mufti offices, and the umbrella organizations of the Islamic Community of Bosniaks in the diaspora and on the level of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Regular reports on the teaching process are essential for the realization of the process, and the creation of new strategies for its realization and improvement. We have devoted a separate chapter to this issue here. The end part of the article offers some views of prospects for the improvement of the maktab class as well as some suggestions in this regard.

ORGANIZIRANJE I IZAZOVI MEKTEPSKE POUKE NA NIVOU JEDNOG MEDŽLISA

Author(s): Nevres Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

Maktab class is an organized activity with clearly defined goals. Achieving these goals is directly related to the organization, teaching, and evaluation of the maktab class. Thus it is necessary to make preparations and to have adequate plans that would provide conditions for the continuity of the maktab class teaching and leave space for improving its quality. Every positive result or achievement that is recognized and rewarded is a very strong motivation for even further endeavour. This article deals with the organization of the maktab class on the level of the Majlis of the Islamic Community in Maglaj presenting the challenges that are faced therein.

PRENATALNA FAZA ČOVJEKOVOG ŽIVOTA U SUNNETU

Author(s): Fadilj Maljoki / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

This article relates about the pre-natal phase of human life in the light of Messenger’s legacy. It comprises of two parts. The first part discusses Messenger’s teachings regarding the topic. These teachings are further classified into general directions and specific instructions. The other part of the article offers a scientific analysis of the subject matter. In fact, there is a number of traditions speaking of the physiological processes that occur in the pre-natal phase of life. These traditions are interpreted today in the light of scientific evidence and are also used as an argument in claims about the supernatural origin of the Sunnah.

POSLANIK U MEDINSKOM DRUŠTVU

Author(s): Ferid Dautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

In this article, we intend to elaborate on the role of the Messenger s.w.s. in Medina society. The life of Muhammad s.w.s. can be divided into two phases. The first is the phase before the revelation in Makkah where he was born, and the second is the phase after the Revelation began. The second phase of his life can further be subdivided into his Makkan and Medinan phases. Each of these phases has its own specific nature and characteristics, history, and its significance. The Makkah period of the Messenger’s life is exhausting, turbulent, unpredictable, and difficult, but at the same time, it is also marked with courage, patience, and missionary endeavours with individuals to whom he was transmitting the Message of Islam and thus bringing them up for the challenges that were to follow from within their families as well as from the mushrik society. The Medina phase is characterized by the formation of the Muslim community, a city-state, and the creation of the Medina Constitution. In Medina Allah Teala, reveals the ayahs that are to regulate relations amongst the citizens, other nations, and those within the Muslim community itself.

Oralność i retoryka świętych ksiąg. Na przykładzie tatarskiego tefsiru – pierwszego przekładu Koranu na język słowiański (polski)

Author(s): Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents, on the basis of a sixteenth-century translation of the Qur’an into Polish, the interpenetration of two planes in revealed books: the rhetorical and the persuasive one. In this context, the article points out the realisation of the directives of classical Arabic rhetoric, including the semantic principle, the principle of clear expression and the principle of sophisticated style. It also indicates the original orality of the Qur’an and the persuasiveness of its message achieved, among other things, by addressing the recipient, the establishment of the us vs. them opposition, the occurrence of evaluative and directive vocabulary, the introduction of colloquial speech, and the use of intensifiers of content. The collected material also demonstrates the complex relation between the scripturalisation of a language and the translation of a sacred text ( the Qur’an ) into Polish.

Ile jurysty w Piotrze Czyżewskim? Uwagi o prawie rzymskim w Alfurkanie tatarskim, siedemnastowiecznym paszkwilu na litewskich Tatarów

Author(s): Kacper Żochowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2022

Alfurkan tatarski prawdziwy na czterdzieści części rozdzielony (A Genuine Tatar Al Furqan Divided into Forty Parts) is a pasquinade on the Lithuanian Tatars written and published in the seventeenth century. Although it was published in Vilnius under the name of Piotr Czyżewski, there is a continued discussion as to who described the Tatars’ history, customs and position by placing them in a broad context, including a historical and legal one. The arguments presented in the Alfurkan he illustrated with examples from the works of ancient and medieval authors, including references to Roman law. The article attempts to answer to what extent those references were done accurately and with understanding. Thus, the article’s author first identifies the ancient legal content present in the Alfurkan; then, he considers the question of what the errors, manipulations and the specific choice of sources say about the Alfurkan’s author.

Kur’ân’ın Secili Söz Dizgelerinin 7. Yüzyıl Arapların Lügavî Örf ve Âdetleriyle Diyalektik İlişkisi

Author(s): Emrah Dindi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

One of the most basic stylistic characteristics of the Qur’ān is the agree-ment between syllables, sounds, lines and rhymes repeated at the end of the verses and give the same harmony. The question/problem “Are these words that have pleasant melodic structures and superior arts something that the Arabs of the 7th century Hejaz Region did not know, were not familiar with and did not hear, or are they expressions that existed in oral and literary types in their daily vocabulary formed and embodied within the framework of well-known lexical customs and literary tastes?” is discussed in this article. For this purpose, the study examines the seciʿ and rhyming word structures in the verbal and literary discourses of the Jahiliya period Arabs. Then, based on the data in the ancient Islamic Literature, it examines the dialectical relationship of the melodic structures at the end of the verses of the Qur’ān with the characteristics of the seciʿ and rhyming literary products in the poems of the Arab poets of ignorance, and for the choice that the Arab society made it a custom and habit at that time to observe at the end of the words, and whether some rules of comparison of the language were abandoned or not. Of course, although the dialectical relationship between the seciʿ expression structures of the Qur’ān and the literary tastes of the Arabs of that period was addressed in the former literature with a weak and feeble voice between the lines, unfortunately, this has not been examined in modern studies yet. For this reason, we hope that the present study, which we think is original and authentic, will contribute to this field and as a result of the study, in which the literature review method was used, whether the harmonious, rhythmic, melodic sound and meter structures of the Qur’ān at the end of the verses are related to the literary tastes, lexical customs and traditions of the 7th century Arabs, or rather, these expressions were unknown to the Arabs of that day, will be uncovered along with the question whether it existed in a wonderful, transcendent and transcendent language and style that they were not familiar with, or in a local, regional, cultural anthropological nature that was compatible and agreeable with their tastes and expectations in that time.