"Dark Age" et les Principaux Facteurs de la Formation des Anciens Albanais

Author(s): Neritan Ceka / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2001

In this Research I will try to give a picture of the genesis of the Albanians in a way a little different from the traditional one, which framed this process in the dark centuries of the Middle Ages (Vth-Xth) by making it easier to explain the linear Continuity of Illyro-Albania, but at the same time lending to the most fanciful theories about the origin of the Albanians.

"Die Mazedonische Frage" und die deutschen Historiker

Author(s): Elena Boyadjieva / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/1994

"Gaza Strip" - a Unique political area

Author(s): Gideon Biger / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Gaza Strip, a small area located in the South East shore of the Mediterranean sea in a unique political territorial entity which fro time to time catch the headline as rockets are sent from it to Israel and Israel retaliating by army force. It is part of the non - independence Palestinian Authority, not recognized as a separated area by no-one, behave independently toward the world. It was created by a series of political agreements, military activities, citizen wars, United Nation resolutions and agreements, more the 10 times during the last 100 years, and its future is still to be seen.

"Hammer Tarihi"nin Türkçeye Çeviri Teşebbüsleri ve Çevirisi Üzerine

Author(s): Tugba Ismailoglu Kacir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

This article reviews the writing and translating processes of famous book "History of the Ottoman Empire" of Austrian Baron Joseph Hammer-Purgstall, who is one of the most important orientalists in the German speaking area. Although this work had been translated immediately after the publication into several European languages, since the 1830s, could only be translated into Turkish just in part in the early 20th century. Even though the process of the translation of "Hammer History" into Turkish language targeted at the period of Sultan Mahmud II., the first serious translation was published between the years of 1911-18 by Mehmed Ata. Ata’s translation serve as a basis for all following translations. However, while Ata had translated the book instead of German language, through its French translation and all subsequent translations followed the same path, the turkish "Hammer History" has significant differences according to the original work. Whereas through translation to translate is already problematic, huge destructions and falsifications due to French translator Hellert’s disloyalty to Hammer’s book has been transferred to Turkish. In Turkey this unfortunate misguidance is caused to misidentification of "Hammer History" and attribution of Hellert’s personal additions and interventions to Hammer. In this article has been stated the writing and translating processes of Hammer-Purgstall’s "History of the Ottoman Empire" and the problems of translations with the help of Hammers personal memory, which is in the Archive of Austrian Academy of Sciences, the documents of Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, Hammer’s works and different translations of "History of the Ottoman Empire" and also secondary literature.

"Ich weiß, daß ich Bulgarien liebe" - ein Interview mit Dr. Istvan Lenard Madjar (Ungarn)

Author(s): Antoaneta Zapryanova / Language(s): German / Issue: 4/1995

"Itt van a` legvégső óltára Pallásnak"

Az Erdélyi Kéziratkiadó Társaság és az Erdélyi Magyar Nyelvmívelő Társaság története

Author(s): Péter Dávid / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 2013

This work shows how the 18th century scientific societies were established in Transylvania. Furthermore, it deals with the aims, the works, the ideology and the texts written by these societies. My thesis introduces how it was possible in Transylvania to find this type of societies with the support of the then-governor of Transylvania, György Bánffy. These institutions had the chance to be self-led, which was very strange at that time, given that there weren’t any similar institutions in Hungary.The first chapter of my thesis deals with the political situation of Transylvania in the 1790s and also with the diets that gathered at that time. The reason for this is that these diets bring forward the main issues of the whole Transylvanian society providing the context for the scientific societies’ purpose. This part of the dissertation highlights some political questions which were negotiated in the diet. Later these issues gave topics to the Manuscript Publishing Society and the Language Protective Society as well. One of the crucial questions is the relations of Transylvania with Hungary and Austria. There were some opinions at the diet of 1790–91 – using the chaotic situation after the death of Joseph II – which reinterpreted the relations between Vienna and Buda, Vienna and Cluj and also Buda and Cluj. A part of the thesis aims at analysing the relationship between the three countries based on some Transylvanian leaflets.At the 1790s diets there were both innovative and conservative ideas. The conservative ideas came from the Szeklers and the Saxons who were against paying taxes and joining the military. They also wanted to have their old privileges restored.This was the period when the Romanians first appeared on the Transylvanian political stage. They handed in the Supplex Libellus Valachorum which required privileges for the Romanian nation also referring to their ancient rights. The Supplex Libellus Valachorum would have given wider political rights and religious freedom to the Romanians if it had been accepted. Unlike the Romanians, the Armenians were successful. The cities of Szamosújvár and Ebesfalva handed in a petition to the diet to give them the right of becoming free royal cities. The question of nationalities inside Transylvania was a crucial problem outside the diets as well. This work shows how the 18th century scientific societies were established in Transylvania. Furthermore, it deals with the aims, the works, the ideology and the texts written by these societies. My thesis introduces how it was possible in Transylvania to find this type of societies with the support of the then-governor of Transylvania, György Bánffy. These institutions had the chance to be self-led, which was very strange at that time, given that there weren’t any similar institutions in Hungary.The first chapter of my thesis deals with the political situation of Transylvania in the 1790s and also with the diets that gathered at that time. The reason for this is that these diets bring forward the main issues of the whole Transylvanian society providing the context for the scientific societies’ purpose. This part of the dissertation highlights some political questions which were negotiated in the diet. Later these issues gave topics to the Manuscript Publishing Society and the Language Protective Society as well. One of the crucial questions is the relations of Transylvania with Hungary and Austria. There were some opinions at the diet of 1790–91 – using the chaotic situation after the death of Joseph II – which reinterpreted the relations between Vienna and Buda, Vienna and Cluj and also Buda and Cluj. A part of the thesis aims at analysing the relationship between the three countries based on some Transylvanian leaflets. At the 1790s diets there were both innovative and conservative ideas. The conservative ideas came from the Szeklers and the Saxons who were against paying taxes and joining the military. They also wanted to have their old privileges restored.This was the period when the Romanians first appeared on the Transylvanian political stage. They handed in the Supplex Libellus Valachorum which required privileges for the Romanian nation also referring to their ancient rights. The Supplex Libellus Valachorum would have given wider political rights and religious freedom to the Romanians if it had been accepted. Unlike the Romanians, the Armenians were successful. The cities of Szamosújvár and Ebesfalva handed in a petition to the diet to give them the right of becoming free royal cities. The question of nationalities inside Transylvania was a crucial problem outside the diets as well. Famous Transylvanian historians and the members of the Language Protective Society will work on this topic.From the reports of the diets, leaflets, petitions and private letters emerges a very colourful Transylvania, with several religious cults, nationalities and political ideologies. Among these, Governor György Bánffy, tried to create a “unified Transylvania”. Bánffy’s idea is based on the Transylvanian traditions and laws. That is why Bánffy’s programme became Transylvania’s official ideology. The main argument for his theory is that it may have succeded in controlling the contrasts between the multiple nationalities and religions. Bánffy’s aim is to reach peace among the nationalities by trying to reach a network of compromises. The scientific institutions, which are supported by Bánffy, will use the same ideology in their texts. The second chapter of my dissertation deals with the Manuscript PublishingSociety. It follows the tradition of those treatises which have been written about this topic earlier. It centers on the description of the structure and the aims of the institution. This chapter has two significant results. On one hand, it interprets manuscripts which have never been analysed before. On the other hand, it deals with the paratexts of Schesaeus-epic, published by the society. From these texts we can extract elements of the “unified Transylvania” ideology.The third chapter is about the Transylvanian Language Protective Society. I start the description with the analysis of György Aranka’s leaflets and the problem of the Hungarian official language. Based on these leaflets we can discover the main aim of the society: to develop the Hungarian language and to make its use possible in both political and legal communication. Moreover, its objective was to spread it among the different nationalities that live in the country. The chapter also figures out why the researchers and politicians considered this theory possible. This chapter describes the structure of the society, the changes it went through and its most important members. It differentiates the institutions, firstly from a circle of friends who gathered in 1803, secondly, from a scientific society which was founded and supported by Farkas Cserey in 1806. And thirdly, it intends to separate the Language Protective Society from the group which gathered in 1818, leaded by Gábor Döbrentei. This segment studies the Aranka-correspondence as the primary source for revealing the relationship among the members of the society.In addition, it analyses the reports of the societies in order to discover the facts that caused some changes in the structure of the institution, dividing its work into six periods. This chapter also analyses the “colourful” publication of the institution called The First Work of the Hungarian Language Protective Society. The aim of this book was to show that Hungarian language is appropriate for assembling several types of writing (e.g.: review, comical poems or odes).With the help of new sources, my paper tries to explain the reasons which led to the end of the Language Protective Society’s work in 1801. The last chapter of the thesis is about two texts in which the members of the Language Protective Society were extremely interested. These texts are the following: the Szekler Chronicle of Csík and a description of Transylvania which used the Szekler Chronicle of Csík. This description was compiled as a response against August Ludwig Schlözer’s Kritische Sammlungen. From the analysis of these works it turns out that the Language Protective Society also followed the theory of the “unified Transylvania” and tried to create representative documents that show the Hungarian as an appropriate language for legal, political or scientific communication. The description of Transylvania, which was written for thise purpose, defines the situation of the Hungarian, Szeklers and Saxon nationalities on the basis of traditional historical view. Using the Szekler Chronicle of Csík it considers the Szeklers to be the aboriginals of Transylvania who even helped the Hungarians to find their new homeland in the 890s. Another innovation of this description is that it also regards the Romanian nationality as residents of Transylvania.In the last part of the third chapter readers can get acquainted with the societies which were formed later and which tried to pose as successors of the Language Protective Society. Although these societies and their texts were created on the basis of other political ideologies, they aimed to inherit the support and the collection of their predecessor. They wanted to define themselves as the pursuers of the work of the late 18th century society. However, they wanted to hide the idea of the “unified Transylvania” which was very significant in the life of the Language Protective Society.

"Izgubljena revolucija: AFŽ između mita i zaborava", Chiara Bonfiglioli... [et al.]

Prikaz

Author(s): Amela Hadžajlic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2018

Review of: "Izgubljena revolucija: AFŽ između mita i zaborava", Chiara Bonfiglioli... [et al.], Sarajevo: Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost: CRVENA, 2016, 199 str.

"Je treba byť sústavný a mať snahu uzatvárať veci, dokončovať ich.“ Rozhovor s archeológom Bořivojom Nechvátalom

Author(s): Michal Holešcák,Jaroslav Nemeš / Language(s): Slovak,Czech / Issue: 1/2018

Bořivoj Nechvátal, PhDr., CSc., Emeritus Scientist, was born 4. January 1935 in Berlin, where his father held a position at an embassy as an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. When the occupation of the Czech Republic began in 1939, his family moved to Prague. From 1953 till 1958, he studied History and Prehistory at the Charles University. Since completing his studies in 1958 he has worked for the Archaeological Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (now AS CR). He was involved in the research of medieval glass, tiles, castles, early medieval burials and, above all, comprehensive exploration of Vyšehrad castle. From 2001 he has lectured at the West Bohemian University in Pilsen, and he was in charge of the course in medieval archaeology of Prague. In 1992, in cooperation with the Royal Collegiate Chap. of Peter and Paul, he founded proceedings Kráľovský Vyšehrad, which has, since its inception, presented 80 articles and studies concerned with history of Vyšehrad castle. He published 270 articles and studies within the field of his specialization in Slavic and Medieval archaeology (some of them were of monographic character). His works were published, for example, in Austria, France, USA, Germany and Ukraine.

"La buona figliuola" Carla Goldoniego a "Czekina albo cnotliwa panienka" Wojciecha Bogusławskiego

Author(s): Edyta Grzywaczewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

„La buona figliuola” („The Accomplish’d Maid”) is an opera buffa in three acts by Niccolò Piccinni and Carlo Goldoni. The librettist based his text on Samuel Richardson’s novel „Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded”. It was performed for the first time at the Teatro delle Dame, Rome on 6th February 1760 with an all male cast. It was a big success and „La buona figliuola” took Europe by storm. Every European opera house had this opera in its repertoire. The performances were in: Barcelona, Prague, Vien, Dresden, London, Berlin, Mannheim and Paris. This opera was probably performed even in Beijing by Jesuits in 1778. „La buona figliuola” was so popular in Europe that Stanisław August Poniatowski, the King of Poland, wished it for his coronation ceremony. The performance took place at the National Theatre on 7th August 1765, just five years after the world premiere. This opera was also very popular in Warsaw. People loved the story of a simple and good maid Cecchina. Seventeen years later, Wojciech Bogusławski, the director of the National Theater, translated and adapted Goldoni’s opera and named it „Czekina albo cnotliwa panienka” („Czekina or a Virtuous Maid”). He performed it in 1782 with big success. First of all, the article describes the historical context of the creation of libretto – the Carlo Goldoni’s biography. Next, it presents the story of maid Cecchina and the phenomenon of the description of the Polish theories of translation from the 18th century, the Polish version of the opera – „Czekina or a Virtuous Maid”, is presented. Finally, two versions of the libretto – the Goldoni’s and the Bogusławski’s, are compared.

"La revolution nationale" du maréchal Pétain dans les documents diplomatiques bulgares (le 17 juin 1940 - le 11 novembre 1942)

Author(s): Hristo Milkov / Language(s): French / Issue: 4/1995

"Lexikon českých historiků 2010", red. Radek Lipowski, Lumír Dokoupil, Aleš Zářický, Ostrawa 2012, ss. 632

Author(s): Jaroslaw Klaczkow / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2013

"Mare liberum" w myśli polityczno-prawnej Fernando Vázqueza de Menchaca (1512–1569). Uwarunkowania, korzenie, istota

Author(s): Patrycja Jakóbczyk-Adamczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

The discussion on the concept of the sea as an open space (mare liberum) or closed space (mare clausum) within the context of the principles of modern international law formulated in the seventeenth century, constituted a continuation of the disputes lasting since ancient times. Grotius’ thought, ground-breaking in many ways, drew upon the accomplishment of the Spanish law school of the sixteenth-century. During the period when Spain was taking control over the Atlantic routes, the representatives of the school that followed the scholastic tradition attempted to establish the validity of the principle of the freedom of the seas. The argumentation of F. de Vitoria’s disciples was devoid of theological polemics and political motivation. F. Vázquez de Menchaca presented his view on the issue of the status of the seas, the navigation right, and also indirectly trade, in a treaty called Controversiarum illustrium aliarumque usu frequentium libri tres, first published in 1564. His conception, being the result of his extraordinary erudition and intellectual independence, is characterised by unique originality and rationalism. Referring to the concept of natural law and its inviolability, mainly the principle of the common good and the idea of the international community, the author laid the foundations for the utilitarian doctrine, later systematized by the Dutch philosopher.

"MUS VIENIJA ALUS IR PERGALĖS"? arba SPORTAS IR LIETUVIŠKOJI TAPATYBĖ

Author(s): Ingvaras Butautas,Rasa Cepaitiene / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 17/2006

Having reached it’s strategic objectives (membership in EU and NATO), Lithuania encountered with the problem of trawl for a new societal development visions. That is why Lithuanian mentality, facing with such strong challenges, as EU-integration and globalization, is being in quest of national identity components “inventory” and reevaluation in the context of a new circumstances. In this regard sport, universally accepted as substantial component of national identity, becomes actual for knowledge. Unfortunately, in Lithuania by now academic writing on this subject astonish at its fragmentary nature and confine it mainly to the factography, while sport-minded individuals are professionally over engaged. Therefore preliminary research has shown, that sport, as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the field of interdisciplinary studies is non-existent in Lithuania. Considering what have been said, we may state decisively, that present article will be one of the first attempt to define and evaluate the role of sport in society and the sphere of politics in a more broadly way. It also will be the first attempt to search for roots of broadly entrenched stereotypes and assessments about involved subject.

"Pamięć – Tradycja – Trwanie. Szkice z dziejów Gniewkowa i okolic", red. T. Łaszkiewicz, Gmina Gniewkowo & Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne Oddział w Inowrocławiu, Gniewkowo 2014

Author(s): Zbyszko Górczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

"Panský dům" v Týnci nad Labem: vzestupy a úpadky jednoho domu

Author(s): Michael Rykl / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2016

The study of small-town houses is not a very common topic among researchers. The analysis of the development of the historical house "Panský dom" (literally house of nobility) in the town of Týnec nad Labem has been highly informative. The aim of the article is to show the individual development phases of house construction according to research into material and written sources. Reconstructions, the building use, as well as individual structural changes can be analysed from the late Middle Ages to the 20th century.On the basis of the research performed, it can be stated that the use and purpose of the building changed with each new owner, related to his social status (suzerain house; inn; house of reeve and aristocratic officers; uninhabited; house of a noble with a regular income that led to the construction of a dance hall; semi-agrarian farmers; the transformation to an apartment building and hotel; bakery; etc.). The function of the courtyard also adapted to the desires of the new owner and the quality of life the residents changed accordingly. The quality of life of its residents illustrates the ability to exploit the potential for the house (including loft, farm buildings in the courtyard, etc.), to express the fashion and trends of the particular period. The vision of the owner, the structural possibilities and especially the methods of modification that embody the fashion of the particular period can be appropriately illustrated. Individual structural modifications describe the ambitions and situation of the owners.In this case, it is not a "great" history, but it is a study of the traces of life left in the house that surrounded its owners. At certain points, general history overlaps with the micro-history of "Panský dom" and together they influenced the form of house construction. The research identified several building phases and reconstructions when the modus operandi accurately corresponded with the social status of the owners. The informative value grows from the early periods to the later periods, in proportion with the number of written sources, as well as the material source – the house itself.

"Politics of History" as a Threat to the Internal Peace in Ukraine

Author(s): Dieter Segert / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This article examines the role of the historical arratives and of the "politics of history" in the domestic politics of Ukraine. It compares the role of emotions within nationalistic and socialist ideological discourses about history. It gives an overview on different elements of national and regional identity in the country. It enquires mainly differences in self- identification, practical language use, pluralistic religious orientations, and media use. Some of the heterogeneities emerged in the past during industrialization of Soviet Ukraine. It suggests that differentiation is not objectively given but produced and exploited by political contestation for power. A main field of political polarization consists in the politics of history. It debates the outcomes of the laws on decommunization and the responsibility both of intellectuals and politicians for the nationalization politics. At the end the article stresses the possible alternative outcomes of history politics on the stability of the Ukraine as a nation state.

"Problema sediului" - o piedică în calea înfințării Muzeului Național de Istorie

Author(s): Cornel Constantin Ilie / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 23/2011

The idea of founding a national history museum was often circulated in the period after 1948. There were even issued a series of laws, seeking to implement this idea. One of the problems that have prevented the establishment of the museum was the lack of adequate space. In this article we will sec how the authorities tried to solve the problem, the proposals they made and the solution finally reached.

"Rerum patris Pii Hancke". O muzykaliach nyskiego dominikanina

Author(s): Ewa Hauptman-Fischer / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2013

The collection of Pius Hancke’s works includes numerous pieces written for the harp. Its outstanding repertoire and provenance distinguishes it from other monastic collections. The collection belonged to the monk who developed it during his whole life and carried it with him when changing places he lived in. Last 30 years of his life Pius Hancke spent in Dominican monastery in Nysa. Notes used during the liturgy (masses, litanies) certainly were used there and currently are the only testimony of the music culture of this monastery. Next to liturgical pieces Hancke’s collection includes a number of instrumental pieces for the harp with the accompaniment of other instruments and contrafacta of opera arias. The latter often include arrangements of harp parts, most probably made by Hancke himself. Scriptors’ names relate this collection to the unique manuscript containing Antonio Vivaldi’s Credo.

"Sacro pellegrinaggio". Visits to World War I Memorials on the Soča/Isonzo Front in the Interwar Period

Author(s): Petra Kavrecic / Language(s): English / Issue: 40/2017

The paper presents a case study of visits to World War I battlefield sites (monuments, sacred zones, cemeteries) on the Soča/Isonzo front. The focus is on acknowledging the motivations related to the construction of monuments and the role and interest of the Italian authorities when influencing and encouraging these visits. The paper will also attempt to determine the importance of this practice in the case of memorial sites at the Soča/Isonzo front. Additional issues addressed in the paper include how common visits to these sites were in the interwar period, who the primary visitors were and if and how this activity resonated in the tourism sector, and how tourism reflected the Italian national narrative in the contested border region.

"Spini trebuia să aduceți, nu flori!”

Author(s): Vasile Popovici,Alexandra Manescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2018