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The idea of founding a national history museum was often circulated in the period after 1948. There were even issued a series of laws, seeking to implement this idea. One of the problems that have prevented the establishment of the museum was the lack of adequate space. In this article we will sec how the authorities tried to solve the problem, the proposals they made and the solution finally reached.
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The collection of Pius Hancke’s works includes numerous pieces written for the harp. Its outstanding repertoire and provenance distinguishes it from other monastic collections. The collection belonged to the monk who developed it during his whole life and carried it with him when changing places he lived in. Last 30 years of his life Pius Hancke spent in Dominican monastery in Nysa. Notes used during the liturgy (masses, litanies) certainly were used there and currently are the only testimony of the music culture of this monastery. Next to liturgical pieces Hancke’s collection includes a number of instrumental pieces for the harp with the accompaniment of other instruments and contrafacta of opera arias. The latter often include arrangements of harp parts, most probably made by Hancke himself. Scriptors’ names relate this collection to the unique manuscript containing Antonio Vivaldi’s Credo.
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The paper presents a case study of visits to World War I battlefield sites (monuments, sacred zones, cemeteries) on the Soča/Isonzo front. The focus is on acknowledging the motivations related to the construction of monuments and the role and interest of the Italian authorities when influencing and encouraging these visits. The paper will also attempt to determine the importance of this practice in the case of memorial sites at the Soča/Isonzo front. Additional issues addressed in the paper include how common visits to these sites were in the interwar period, who the primary visitors were and if and how this activity resonated in the tourism sector, and how tourism reflected the Italian national narrative in the contested border region.
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This study represents an analysis of the United States-Romanian relations during 1961-1964, focusing on the background process that led to the elevation of diplomatic missions to embassy status in June 1964. Primarily based on documents from the American and Romanian archives, it reveals the path to diplomatic ties’ improvement during the Kennedy years and the Johnson Administration’s first year. While Romania was seeking to distance itself from the Moscow’s economic and political control and to strengthen its domestic and foreign position, the United States started to reexamine her relations with the satellite – countries from Eastern Europe. In this regard, the study explains how the US’ perception toward Romania started to change, what gestures and actions influenced this change and how the bilateral relations registered progress amidst Cold War crises and international tensions.
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Бокељски трговци држали су се, као и млетачки, начeла слободне трговине. Само што ово начела несамо да није било у сукобу са захтјевима трговачке солидарности, неrо ју је учвршћивало, будући да се ју у праксу проводило управ зато да се онемогуће насиља гусара уопће, а Турака у арбанашкоме приморју понапосе.
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The article is a new approach to the position King Ferdinand held in the Romanian society and among European royals. Respectfully spoken about in foreign newspapers, he was a dynamic and elegant presence in Romania. During his time politics, economy and culture had a progressive evolution and there were associated to the King’s vocation and intelligence skills of leadership.
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The article presents the role of memory, which is a base of book Singer. Landscapes of memory. They have been cited in the thesis theorists who deal with the issue scientifically memory, among other things, Pierre Nora. Biography Nobel prize winner based on the traces of the past - both material and the subjective memories. Agata Tuszyńska also analyzed literary creation Singer. It was noted how much writing Tuszyńska is associated with her own identity.
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This article analyses in detail a land register dating from the year 1733 (Sg. 1976) which was found recently in Rome, focusing on its contents and on the wider context of the contents. The manuscript brings furthermore a history of the convent in prose and in vers the translation of which consitutes a part of the article.
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Holokaust v českém samizdatu
This is a Czech translation of ‘“Vergangenheitsbewältigung” auf Tschechisch: Der Holocaust im tschechischen Samizdat’, which is published in Peter Hallama and Stephan Stach (eds), Gegengeschichte: Zweiter Weltkrieg und Holocaust im ostmitteleuropäischen Dissens (Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag 2015, pp. 237–60). The author analyses representations of the Holocaust in Czech dissident literature published as samizdat in the 1970s and 1980s. He concentrates on historical writings, but also considers journalistic contributions, memoirs, and works of belles-lettres, as well as translations of publications. In particular, the article considers two aspects that highlight the difficulties one faced and continues to face when trying to fully integrate the Holocaust into Czech national history. First, the Holocaust was often understood by the dissidents as evidence of the inhuman nature of totalitarian regimes. This interpretation, however, led to placing the persecution of the Jews by the Nazi regime on the same level as the persecution of the Czechs by the Nazi and Communist regimes. Second, if there was a reassessment or questioning of the Czech national master narrative, then topics such as home-grown antisemitism or the Holocaust were not addressed. The dissidents admitted that Czechoslovakia also had its question of guilt, but they related it to the expulsion of the German minority after the Second World War. The Holocaust, by contrast, did not generate any similar debate among the dissidents. The behaviour of Czechs during the Second World War, the attitude towards Jews, and domestic antisemitism were thus not questioned at all. The Holocaust has, according to the author, therefore tended to be overlooked or, at best, mentioned only incidentally in writing about twentieth-century Czech history – whether the authors published their texts in state-owned publishing houses or in samizdat.
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The constitution of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Kingdom of Hungary was established by the 1891-94 synod. This constitution had a tendency towards centralization and greatly restricted the autonomy of the church. The centralized administration rendered it possible for the leaders of the church to reduce the autonomy of Slovak Lutherans, who had majority in the Cis-Danubian district, by redrawing the borders of the districts. In the new districts the Slovak Lutherans found themselves in minority everywhere, losing their influence on decision making.This lead to the Žilina Declaration, which was signed by 68 north-west Hungarian Slovak congregations at the end of 1912 and the beginning of 1913. The declaration criticised the centralization and the concomitant tendencies towards Hungarian linguistic and the ideological nationalization of the church, and it even raised the issue of forming autonomous Slovak districts.The present study analyses the political context of the above mentioned document. The author uses primary sources because the topic lacks historiographical literature. The first research question of the study is whether the co-operation of the Slovak congregations was as an ad-hoc association or, rather, the result of the mobilisation of an institutionalized group. The second research question discusses the various representations of the relevance of the aforementioned congregational co-operation in the Slovak national narrative. In order to answer these questions the author relies on both political science theories and secularisation theories.
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This article explores the phenomenon of the ‘Green Cadres' at the end of the First World War in Austria-Hungary, with a focus on events in western Slovakia 1918-1920. The Green Cadres were bands of army deserters and radicalized peasants who hid in the forests and mountains of the monarchy during the last year of the war and then violently attempted to topple the social-political order in many localities as the state collapsed. The article suggests that they represented both the last major episode of peasant unrest in the region and a radical new attempt by the rural common people to influence the character of national and social politics in the interwar period. The nationalist dimension of this loose social movement appears to have been particularly strong in western Slovakia and may indicate some affiliation with the leaders of Slovak Catholic populism. On the other hand, the inability of nationalist elites to coopt the Green Cadres was in part responsible for their marginalization in narratives of Czechoslovak liberation as well as in contemporary historiography. On the basis of sources in Slovak, Czech, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and German, this study argues that the Slovak case of the Green Cadres fits into a broader transnational phenomenon, which sheds new light on the history of East Central Europe in the twentieth century.
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Texts from: "Sowjetskoje Gossudarstwo i Prawo", Moskau, Nr. 10, 1951 (Original title: Raswitije sowjetskogo sozialistitscheskogo prawa w tschetwertoj stalinskoj pjatiletke) "Sowjetskoje Gossudarstwo i Prawo" , Moskau, Nr. 10/1951 (Original title: Wsaimodejstwije prawa i nrawstwenllosti w sowjetskom sozialistitscheskom obschtschestwe) "Komso.molskaja Prawda1/,Moskau, 19. Oktober 1951 (Original title: Bes blagoslowenija uprawdoma)
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As a result of the archaeological research developed at the Roman settlement of Romula a fragment of a Roman pottery was discovered, which is nowadays preserved in the Museum of Caracal. Here the word ΓΑΔΑΤΗС was incised. D. Tudor considered it a Syrian anthroponym derived from the name of the god Gad, which lead to the formation of numerous Syro-Palmyrean anthroponyms. This opinion was shared by all those who, up to the time being, inserted this graffito in various epigraphic corpora of Dacia, considering it as further evidence of the Syrian presence in Roman Dacia. Yet, the supporters of such a viewpoint did not take into account all the available data which allows us to assert that Gadates is definitely an Iranian anthroponym attested on other sources as following: Xenophon’s Cyropaedia, The Letter of Darius to Gadatas, the Elamite Ka-da-da inscription discovered in the Persepolis fortifications, a Greek inscription from Delos and another Greek inscription from Antiphellos in Lycia pertaining to the Roman period. Xenophon’s Gadatas and the one mentioned in the Letter provide the Iranian character of the anthroponym. Within the Letter, Darius specifically name Gadatas ‘(his) slave’. We encounter this term in the Old Persian variant of the Behistun inscription as comprised in the collocation mana bandaka, meaning ‘my subject’ or ‘my servant’. It exclusively refers to the highest ranked Iranian individuals in the proximity of the Great King. Gadatas anthroponym is probably ahypochoristic derived from Bagadata, a very widespread name in the pre-Islamic Iranian world, having the same meaning with the Greek Theodotos and the Slavic Bogdan, i.e. ‘the Gift of God’. We do not know precisely where Gatates of Romula came from. He could belong to Syria as well, where the Iranian anthroponyms were natural, as the land had been subjected to the Iranian rule for more than two centuries.
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The present article explores the position of the United Kingdom of Great Britain towards its Straits and its rivalry with Russia in this Region. The change in the attitude of the United Kingdom towards Bulgaria is followed, that from a Russian satellite it becomes an ally. The role of England and its support for the union between East Rumelia and the Principality of Bulgaria. There is also place for Stambolov as a subjective factor in the Bulgarian-British relations.
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One widespread proverb in Bulgaria, knowing some different versions, says that “Man, who did not passed conscription is not a man”, “A boy, who failed to enter military service is second-hand man”, “A man, who has not walked as a soldier knows nothing”. What exactly is conscription according to public understanding of Bulgarians? What attitudes have the society to compulsory conscription? Frontier of what is the portal on the military unit? These and other issues related to conscription during socialism will be explored.
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The article tackles the issue of pun structures used in love designations (denominations, namings) in Petko Slaveykov’s Anacreontic songs. They have been interpreted as an impulse for a new cultural identity, an accomplished Renaissance articulation of human passions, sympathy sought, joy and delight in everyday life, and thus they have secured P. Slaveykov – at the level of reception and by virtue of the popularity of songbook lyrics, the initial accrual of “literary assets”.
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