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GLOBAL 2030 TREND DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Author(s): Sanja Mikić / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2015

In order to achieve equal society as much as it is possible, it is needed to put the goals the same for whole world. The main trends shape the systems of coming decades, with special references. The forces for governing the global transformation are reshaping the world ever more strongly and rapidly. The world is becoming steadily more complex, more challenging and more insecure. Modern information and communication technology, the part of global trend with certain standard has its own impact. There are also the standards in the field of social responsibility that has its place within the area of life quality.

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACHIEVING BALANCED FOREIGN TRADE

Author(s): Vera Krmpot,Aleksandra Gajdobranski / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

Today, very few countries decide on a fully liberalized foreign trade. Domestic companies, in countries with a trade deficit, find it hard to compete with foreign companies that are, more often than not, serious competition. In that regard, domestic manufacturers require protection by limiting imports and subsidizing exports. However, the use of such measures by the state in the contemporary international relations increasingly limited, primarily by the World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund. From the above it can be concluded that the possibilities to improve the position in the balance of trade are very limited. In this sense, foreign direct investments, which are exportoriented, would be highly desirable from the standpoint of reducing the high deficit in foreign trade.

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Porozumienie CETA lekarstwem na kryzys Unii Europejskiej?

Author(s): Magdalena Śliwińska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 02/2017

The natural consequence of the current trends in global economy is the rise of the so called “new generation”international trade agreements (TPP, CETA, TTIP) that encompass trade liberation and a range of different areas of economic and social life variously connected with trade. The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) signed between the EU and Canada in October 2016 has caused numerous controversies both on the political and scientific level. The question of the fairness of signing the CETA is not only about whether the EU as an organization wants to tighten its trade and investment cooperation with Canada and the possible effects of the agreement for both parties, but it is essentially a question about whether the EU wants to take a step towards global economic integration, and if so, then does it want to take this step right now, at a time when it is facing serious problems. For these reasons the aim of this study is to draw attention to the fact that this unprecedented agreement with a highly developed third state deeply interferes in the economic, political and social life of both parties and was negotiated and signed by the European Union in an unprecedented way amid its most challenging and complex crisis so far. The above mentioned unprecedented and complex character of both phenomena is crucial because it is impossible to assess the effects of the implementation of the agreement or to estimate whether it will contribute to overcoming or deepening the crisis within the EU. CETA is therefore a major practical problem with implications for millions of EU citizens, but also a scientific problem as it represents the dilemma of contemporary economics - who and under what circumstances benefits from trade liberalization and economic integration.

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Mapa drogowa jednolitego rynku wewnętrznego - założenia czy rzeczywistość?

Author(s): Joanna Stefaniak,Joanna Kuczewska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 02/2017

Contemporary economic problems, institutional transformation, subsequent enlargements, counteracting the effects of economic and euro area crisis are factors that have contributed to limiting the EU’s activity in developing a single market. In 2015 the European Commission presented a new strategy for strengthening the internal market which is to raise the effectiveness of its functioning. The aim of the article is to assess the progress in accomplishing the priorities formulated in the strategic documents of the internal market. The discussion focuses on issues related to the question whether programmes and measures aimed at strengthening the potential of the internal market have actually been implemented. When assessing the rate of the process of implementation of internal market strategy over a span of thirty years it can be concluded that it is the effect of factors that arise both on the part of the EU institutions and particular member states. Considering the experience of the EU so far in implementing specific strategies to enhancethe realization of an internal market it can be supposed that in light of the current social-political-economic events the very ambitious and comprehensive premises of the present single market development strategy will not be fully realized in the assumed time frame.

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Korporacje transnarodowe wobec wyzwań XXI wieku

Author(s): Magdalena Rosińska-Bukowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 104/2017

The aim of the study is an attempt to indicate how transnational corporations have changed asa result of waves of globalization. The author makes effort to demonstrate that pillars of development models TNC-orchestrators is their response to the challenges of 21st century.The article consists of three parts. The first one presents the evolution of transnational corporations (TNCs), seen as the consequence of changes in the economy. The efforts were made to indicate how the consecutive stages of globalization have determined the changes in corporations’ strategies. TNCs manifestation of the changes at that stage corporate globalization is the development of Global Business Networks (GBN). It was noted that they are a result of implementing the concept of integration as a method of improving the competitiveness of the participating actors – business integration model. The second part of the study is discussion on the substance of the changes in management models of transnational corporations which are to meet new challenges. The attention was drawn to a new type of entities – TNC-orchestrators, which because of its nature (pillars of development models), should be treated differently to a traditional business. In the last part of article the author presented pillars of development models TNC-orchestrators GBN as a case study forthe automotive sector (Toyota, Ford, VW).

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Development of global economy and international business: New network and networking ideas

Author(s): Borisas Melnikas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper presents an overview of new network and networking ideas as well as their impact on contemporary changes in economy and culture under conditions of globalisation and intensive development of international business. Networking processes and new network-based development tendencies in economy and culture are described and defined as a particularly important field of scientific cognition. The complexity and systematics of networking and network-creation processes are analysed. The main focus is on the idea that they could be perceived as one of the most important priorities of the modernisation of contemporary economy and culture, as well as of social, economic, and political development as well as scientific and technological progress. Promising directions of the scientific research on networking and networks are also characterised.

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Transportul maritim global, element cheie în dezvoltarea oraşelor-port moderne

Author(s): Dragoş Horia Buhociu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2012

The strong demand for Asian goods, especially tea, silk and China porcelain, along with need to avoid to Arab controlled merchant trails, pushed the Europeans to seek for direct maritime routes to Asia. They sailed around the world to establish key market spots, called entrepôts, which evolved to become modern port cities. Unlike the common freight or post ships, the passenger ships were focused on people and at the beginning of the 20th century passenger confort prevailed for the first time over speed. Maritime companies evolved in founding the modern cruise industry in the 1960s, fundamentally affecting port cities by modifications on their waterfronts.

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Competitivitatea sectorului european al construcţiilor

Author(s): Cristina ENULESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

The construction sector is a strategic importance for Europe, the production of buildings and infrastructure works will condition the economic activity of all sectors. Sustainable competitiveness reflects the ability to achieve and maintain the competitiveness of the construction industry, in accordance with sustainable development objectives.

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Principii de bază privind metodologia costurilor pe ciclul de viaţă al construcţiilor la nivel european

Author(s): Silviu LAMBRACHE / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

Making life-cycle cost methodology is an acknowledgment of the need for Europe-wide methodology for life cycle buildings costs. The aim of this study is to provide a methodological framework for the universal application of lifetime costs in the construction sector in the EU, without trying to replace specific approaches for every country. The study involves the treatment cost of a construction project in view not only design and execution period but also quantification of the subsequent operating and after use costs. The methodology of life cycle costs of constructions is used to compare alternatives that meet the same functional requirements, or to assess the impact of production, operation and decommissioning of an asset throughout its entire life cycle, especially financially and economically. The proposed methodology is primarily aimed at the beneficiaries of public sector in EU Member States but may be used by customers in the private sector.

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ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ОЦЕНКА ПРИЗНАКОВ ЭКОНОМИКИ ЗНАНИЙ

Author(s): Andriy Valyukh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The main indicators of the knowledge economy in Ukraine and abroad have been investigated. Studied a comprehensive indicator of overall knowledge economy index, which characterizes the level of development of an economy based on knowledge, in countries and regions of the world. He developed in 2004 by the World Bank as part of a special program "Knowledge for Development" in order to determine the ability of countries to create, receive and impart knowledge. The calculation of the Index is based on "Knowledge Assessment Methodology", which includes a set of 109-lei exponents combined into four main groups. Ways of improving the efficiency of the intellectualization of the world economy.

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УТИЦАЈ ГЛОБАЛНЕ ФИНАНСИЈСКЕ КРИЗЕ НА ЕВОЛУЦИЈУ УЛОГЕ ЦЕНТРАЛНЕ БАНКЕ

Author(s): Srđan Golubović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2017

The paper discusses the impact of the global financial crisis, initiated by the collapse of the mortgage market of the United States in late 2007, on the changed role of the central bank. The global crisis has changed the general perception about the modus operandi of policy makers. This particularly refers to the central bank as an institution which, in most countries, has been vested with the primary responsibility to implement the anti-crisis program. This qualitatively new role includes the expanded list of goals whose implementation was the responsibility of the supreme monetary authority. Thus, in addition to the generally accepted goal of ensuring price stability, a new goal is to ensure the stability of the entire financial system. Establishing and maintaining financial stability also implies new responsibilities of national central banks. In addition to their traditional functions, central banks have the key role in managing macro-prudential policy. Finally, the challenges of the global financial crisis brought changes in the domain of monetary Instruments. Apart from using the standard tools, central banks respond to the challenges of the global crisis by introducing non-standard monetary policy instruments, which inter alia include the so-called quantitative easing (QE) and direct monetary transactions.

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Ewolucja biznesu międzynarodowego w dobie globalizacji gospodarki

Author(s): Bogusława Drelich-Skulska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2017

The ongoing globalization and diversified development of regional integration processes in the modern global economy leave their mark on economic activity, especially in the international environment. For this reason, the author decided to prepare an article in which she aims to show the evolution of the research field of international business under the influence of both megatrends. The structure of the article is subordinated to this purpose. The first part describes the essence and characteristics of international business, and the second one presents the evolution of its research matters. In turn, the third part presents new research issues undertaken by international business resulting from current changes taking place in the global economy. Considerations are closed by a summary showing the possible directions of future research in the area under consideration.

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European cities in the face of sustainable development

Author(s): Niki Derlukiewicz,Anna Mempel-Śnieżyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Motivation: The paper rises the issue of sustainable development in the context of chal-lenges that present cities face. Development of innovative and sustainable economy is an aim for the whole society in the European Union. Three pillars of sustainable development: economic growth, environmental management and social inclusion are fundamental and occur across all economic sectors. Predominantly, they influence cities e.g. fast urbanization process, infrastructure, energy development as well as transportation. Cities in Europe are precursors of the transformation towards a low carbon and resource efficient economy. City authorities are planning and acting towards a more sustainable future characterized by investing in innovative, integrated technologies and services such as buildings, mobility, lighting and broadband communications. Aim: The aim of the article is to present challeng-es facing European cities in the light of sustainable development. The paper explores trends in regional policy undertaken by the European Union relating to sustainable development. The first part outlines the global vision of present and future goals of sustainable develop-ment in the world. The next part focuses on the cities and challenges they face referring to sustainable and smart development. Results: The conducted research shows sustainable development as still valid, important and topical. The research indicates that the structures of the EU are not the exclusively supportive and responsible for sustainable development in Europe. The entities such as cities play a very important role in achieving sustainability. Numerous European cities are still establishing programs integrating the energy, transport and ICT sectors in order to deliver more efficient services to their inhabitants. Finally, more and more cities are going to become smart in the nearest future.

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The economic consequences of leaving European Union by Great Britain

Author(s): Kamil Kotliński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Motivation: In a referendum on June 23, 2016, the British people voted to leave the Euro-pean Union. No nation state has ever left the EU. The theory and practice of European integration is rich, but scientific studies considering the opposite situation thus far do not exist. So the question of economic consequences caused by Great Britain leaving the Euro-pean Union is very pertinent. Aim: The aim of this article is to identify and discuss the direct economic consequences of Great Britain leaving the European Union. The analysis was performed for the United Kingdom and for the European Union. Poland is a part of the EU. Therefore, among the effects on the EU side of the research there is an emphasis on the results for Poland. The effect of budgets, trade and migration has been analyzed. Re-sults: The effects of the United Kingdom leaving the EU will be more unfavorable for the UK than for the EU. The amount of losses depends on the type of Brexit. A soft Brexit means a relatively slow negotiation designed to retain as close as possible a relationship with the rest of the EU. Access to the EU’s single market will reduce losses due to having as few tariffs as possible. A hard Brexit would mean getting out of the EU quickly, having no institutional or political relationship with the union, and regaining full control of UK borders. Therefore, a negotiated free trade deal with the EU would seem to reduce losses for everyone.

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Methodological problems with evaluating change efficiency

Author(s): Jerzy Paszkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Motivation: Changes result from a turbulent environment and internal situation of an organization. Rarely do changes happen spontaneously, usually they stem from decisions consciously shaped and taken by the management. Both the reasons as well as consequenc-es of changes appear on multiple grounds and areas, often strongly interrelated. This leads to far-reaching consequences, mainly difficulties in practical operations as well as conse-quences for studies, analyses and related scientific generalizations and the conclusion-drawing process in both domains. Aim: Purpose of this article is to present and make a critical analysis of the existing achievements in the area of evaluating change efficiency, and indicate opportunities and difficulties in formulating new, in particular synthetic, indi-cators of change efficiency. Methodology applied in this paper is deductive and based on collected data and their critical analysis. Results: Managers need synthetic measures that are hard to develop. Various methods may be used in order to do it, starting from simple and complex point scales and ending up with methods applied in other sciences, e.g. the Geneva method or its variations applied to evaluate the standard of living and develop-ment. Still this requires the isolation of main analytical measures, their upper and lower thresholds, in subsequent change or process areas, and the application of statistical meth-ods to calculate change status or effect. Such action requires longer change planning and preparation, readiness on the part of the managerial staff, and continuous monitoring with active participation of leaders and change managers.

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Badanie rozwoju publikacji z zakresu balanced scorecard na podstawie artykułów opublikowanych w polskich czasopismach

Author(s): Renata Biadacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 503/2018

The aim of this article is to present the state of academic achievement of Polish accounting in the field of balanced scorecard as one of the strategic management accounting instruments. First part of the paper presents applied research method. The second part summarizes the results of the study, i.e. analysis of selected publications in terms of accepted assumptions. The last part contains conclusion. Literature studies based on BazEkon database as well as Controlling and Management Accounting journals constitute research method. This article has cognitive values because it contains a synthetic overview of the state of balance scorecard knowledge.

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Начисленията като способ за изглаждане и хипотезата за постоянните доходи

Author(s): Svetoslav Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This study applies the Jones` model (2005) modified by Kothari, Leone and Wasley (2005) in order to analyze and calculate the discretionary part of the accruals, as to accept or reject the Permanent Earnings Hypothesis for a sample of Bulgarian public companies. The study concludes that the Bulgarian companies use discretional accruals to smooth their incomes, thus offsetting the lower income from the current year with higher (unaccounted) from the previous year and vice versa.

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Глобальний технологічний розвиток: ключові тренди та виклики для України

Author(s): Liubov Fedulova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2018

The article considers the sense of global megatrends of social development and characterizes the main technological trends and challenges countries deal with. The author has indicated and substantiated strengthening the role of international technology transfer and analyzed dynamics of the technological balance of leading countries. The author has examined the state and opportunities of technological development of Ukraine in the context of following the determined trends and developed propositions regarding the increase of effectiveness of the scientific and technological policy.

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Wyzwania rozwojowe Polski w okresie programowania 2014–2020 w kontekście unijnej polityki spójności ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem infrastruktury transportowej i inteligentnego rozwoju

Author(s): Adam Oleksiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The paper discusses the use of EU funds in the field of transport infrastructure andsmart development. It was pointed out that the distance in the level of economic developmentdividing Polish regions from the EU average is gradually decreasing, and the use of EU fundshelps all Polish regions to approach the average level of development of the EU. Although theconvergence process is uneven, it has been pointed out that the funds available under cohesionpolicy, allow, to a certain extent, to stop the process of regional diversifying in the regions.An analysis of the benefits Poland gained from the cohesion policy in the field of transportinfrastructure and intelligent development is presented . The possibilities of support fromstructural funds in the scope of investments aimed, among others, at strengthening research,technological development and innovation were studied in this paper. The EU strategicdocuments pertaining to the above-mentioned areas were also reviewed in in this study.

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Koncepcja globalnych dóbr publicznych we współczes- nych stosunkach międzynarodowych: od teorii do praktyki

Author(s): Dominik Kopiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 498/2017

Koncepcja globalnych dóbr publicznych (GDP) od dłuższego czasu intryguje badaczy stosunków międzynarodowych i ekonomistów jako potencjalna odpowiedź na liczne problemy globalne oraz transgraniczne wyzwania współczesnego świata. Jednakże mimo wzmożonej debaty akademickiej zaangażowanie społeczności międzynarodowej w produkcję GDP pozostaje wysoce niesatysfakcjonujące. Niniejszy artykuł, wychodząc od problemów definicyjnych i rozbieżności w interpretowaniu GDP, stawia sobie za cel znalezienie odpowiedzi na następujące pytania. (1) Jakie właściwości GDP wyjaśniają ich niedobór (i niedostateczną konsumpcję)? (2) Dlaczego finansowanie GDP okazuje się w praktyce trudne? (3) Z jakimi dylematami odnośnie do preferencji wiąże się dostarczanie GDP? (4) Jacy aktorzy stosunków międzynarodowych posiadają cechy predestynujące ich do świadczenia globalnych dóbr publicznych?

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