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Tworzenie potencjału zasobowego i zdolności dynamicznych organizacji poprzez partnerstwo strategiczne

Author(s): Anna Adamik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/1/2017

W opracowaniu dokonano opisu struktury potencjału zasobowego organizacji i zaproponowano koncepcję jego tworzenia. Zasugerowano, by procesy tworzenia i eksploatowania potencjału zasobowego organizacji oprzeć na mechanizmie tworzenia wielopłaszczyznowego partnerstwa. Dla celów tworzenia zdolności dynamicznych, będących jednym z ważniejszych elementów potencjału, wskazano partnerstwo sytuacyjne z różnego typu partnerami biznesowymi. Analizy teoretyczne zobrazowano wynikami badań praktycznych zachowań funkcjonujących na terenie Polski MSP. Artykuł ma charakter koncepcyjny.

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REAL WAGE CONVERGENCE IN ROMANIA: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE BASED ON CLUB CONVERGING

Author(s): Olimpia Neagu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The study aims to explore the real wage convergence across the 42 Romanian counties from 1991 to 2016 by using the convergence algorithm developed by Phillips and Sul (2007). The process of divergence is identified in the period of 1991-2016 as well as a number of 4 convergence subgroups (clusters). Transitional curves indicate that over the long-run the real wage tends to converge. Policy implications of the paper's findings are also provided.

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Re-Examining Crowdfunding Success: How the Crowdfunding Goal Moderates the Relationship of Success Factors and Crowdfunding Performance

Author(s): Felix Pinkow,Philip Emmerich / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The factors determining the success of crowdfunding projects is one of the central issues for crowdfunding researchers. Quantitative approaches recognise the number of funds targeted as an important control variable. However, little is known about the impact of the funding goal on other factors that impact crowdfunding success. We hypothesise that the effect of crowdfunding success factors varies contingent on the funding goal level. A dataset of 338 crowdfunding projects from the largest German crowdfunding platform StartNext in the years 2015 to 2016 is analysed by conducting regression analyses controlling for varying funding goal sizes. We use the dependent variables success, the degree of success and the number of project supporters and control whether the effect of independent variables such as comments, updates and social media depend on different funding goals. Our study indicates that the impact of the investigated success factors, in fact, strongly depends on the funding goal levels of crowdfunding projects. By grouping projects into clusters of varying funding goals, we find that the impact of individual success factors changes and that the funding goal plays a moderating role for factors impacting project success.Implications for Central European audience: Many crowdfunding studies focus on the most popular US-based platforms like Kickstarter or Indiegogo. We examined projects on the largest German reward-based crowdfunding platform StartNext. These results help both researchers and future entrepreneurs in Europe to better understand supporter behaviour. We suggest that future entrepreneurs should be aware that factors influencing the success of a crowdfunding project strongly depend on the set funding goal, which should be adequately considered in future crowdfunding research.

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The Value-Based Pricing Determination Matrix for Pricing Method Selection

Author(s): Florian Steinbrenner,Jana Turčínková / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Several researchers suggest that value-based pricing (VBP) is one of the most profitable pricing methods for companies competing in today's business environment. Interestingly, the implementation rates of VBP are, however, rather low. Numerous barriers to the implementation of value-based pricing have been found by researchers already. Although, a theoretical model for determining whether value-based pricing may be a suitable pricing method for a business is yet to be found in the literature. This study aims to introduce a theoretical model to aid pricing executives in their pricing method selection. For this purpose, 20 semi-structured in-depth expert interviews with German pricing experts were conducted as part of qualitative data analysis. The experts were selected using a purposive selection method. Pricing experts were asked to describe the most important factors for determining whether a company may implement value-based pricing. We identified two main factors as being necessities for using VBP. The first factor named by the authors was the brand advantage (BA), and the second factor was represented by the delivered product benefits (DB) as perceived by the customer. Based on these two factors, a two-dimensional, quadrant-based theoretical model was developed and was named the VBP Determination Matrix. The matrix now evaluates a company's position within the matrix based on the factors BA and DB. It leads to direct calls-to-action for properly choosing the most suitable pricing method. This study's theoretical contribution was the development of a so far non-existing two-dimensional model for the determination of the suitability of value-based pricing. Business practitioners are now provided with an easy-to-use and highly applicable model to determine the initial suitability of implementing VBP. Senior management is given direct calls-to-action, whether an investment to implement VBP shall be made and whether to allocate resources.Implications for Central European audience: The VBP Determination Matrix is a highly applicable model recommended especially for business practitioners in pricing, marketing and management. Central European companies are recommended to utilise the model to benefit from its strategic recommendations to properly select the most suitable pricing method for profit maximisation and competitiveness optimisation.

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THE POSSIBILITY OF USING DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGIES AS PAYMENT INFRASTRUCTURE

Author(s): Nenad Tomić,Zorana Kostić / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

The Internet of Things represents a communication network that enables people to interact with things, machines and objects in the business and living environment. Adding the ability to perform transactions to the information component leads to the creation of the so-called Internet of Value. Modern payment processing mechanisms do not meet the needs of the Internet of Value. In order to achieve a fast and economical financial flow, it is necessary to overcome the fragmentation of traditional payment systems and adopt the organizational structure of the Internet. The subject of the paper is the characteristics of three distributed ledger technologies. The aim of this paper is to determine the possibility of their use in order to build a payment infrastructure for the realization of the Internet of Value concept. Although the issue of security of the new payment infrastructure is equally important, the paper will focus on three key performances of the observed distributed ledger technologies: costs, throughput and scalability. The qualitative analysis shows that none of the analyzed technologies in practice has adequate performance in terms of throughput and scalability. Most operational solutions, even in experimental conditions, achieve poorer results than theoretically predicted ones.

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Nierówności dochodowe w ujęciu Adama Smitha

Author(s): Urszula Zagóra-Jonszta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Income inequalities have accompanied societies for centuries, and today, despite the growing standard of living, they are deepening. The aim of this article is to present the position of the father of classical English economics, Adam Smith, on income inequality and to draw attention to looking for causes and justifying income differences. He noticed the growing gap between the richer entrepreneurs and landowners and wage labourers, although in the second half of the 18th century it was not yet the largest. It is often believed that the classics, being liberals, did not pay much attention to income inequality and did not pay it due attention. The article attempts to verify the hypothesis formulated in this way, although it is limited only to Smith’s position, however, it must be remembered that it was he who set the direction of research for his successors. This issue not only occupied the minds of great classics, but also prompted the search for its source and the possibility of mitigation, as well as its justification. The article uses the source analysis method, the comparative method as well as a simple description method.

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Ubezpieczenie pielęgnacyjne – publiczne czy prywatne? Gospodarstwa domowe w Polsce wobec oszczędzania na starość i na leczenie

Author(s): Ewa Cichowicz,Sylwia Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka,Damian Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article identifies the key factors that determine the saving behavior of Poles in terms of securing healthcare needs in old age and refers to the concept of private and voluntary long-term care insurance offered by insurance companies with the support of the state. The database for the analyses presented in the study was the “Social Diagnosis” study conducted in 2015 on a representative sample of 11.7 thousand households in Poland. Research shows that the use of medical services influences their de- cisions regarding the accumulation of savings for treatment, and moreover, similar factors, regardless of the reason for saving, affect savings for retirement.

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The regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020

Author(s): Zdzisław W. Puślecki / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2019

In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020. The Europe 2020 programme is the European Union’s growth strategy for the coming decade and especially for new budget perspective 2014–2020. In a changing world, representatives of the EU want it to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and its Member States deliver high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion. Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objectives — on employment, innovation, education, social inclusion, and climate/energy — to be reached by 2020. Each Member State has adopted its own national targets in each of these areas. Concrete actions at EU and national levels underpin this strategy. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the knowledge-based economy from the regional perspective and the program Europe 2020. The particular main concern is the increase of the importance of the knowledge-based economy in the region, the Triple Helix model constructed advantages, programme Europe 2020 and financial instrument of this programme — Horizon 2020.

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The development of the regional innovation system in Ukraine under decentralization

Author(s): Katerуna Vaskivska / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2020

The main concepts of the term ‘region' have been determined in this paper and the term ‘innovation' has been analyzed. The problem of regional innovation system's place and role in the development of a region and its internal potential in its competitiveness has been emphasized. Moreover, the diag- nostics model of innovation product implementation has been proposed as well as the comparison of innovation indexes, which are identified at the level of an individual country or a group of them. Finally, the Polish experience of the regional innovation system development under decentralization changes in the country has been explored.

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Оценка влияния агломерационных факторов на экономическую активность (микроэкономический анализ)

Author(s): Anastasia I. Sherubneva,Evgeniya A. Kolomak / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

While agglomeration effects are an essential element of the economic environment determining the decision-making on the capacity allocation and implementation of infrastructure projects, their impact in the East of Russia is questioned. Development conditions of Novosibirsk oblast can have a contradictory effect on agglomeration forces. The paper aims to obtain quantitative estimates of the impact of agglomeration effects on enterprise performance by analysing the SPARK-Interfax database for 2019. To this end, the visualisation of the spatial distribution of the sample data, average output and profit characteristics was performed. Additionally, the econometric analysis of the influence of agglomeration factors on enterprise performance was conducted. As a result, the microeconomic analysis showed a statistically significant impact of agglomeration effects on the productivity of firms in Novosibirsk oblast. A two-fold increase in the distance to the regional capital leads to a reduction in output and profitability of enterprises by 3.5 %. This finding supports the development and implementation of private and public infrastructure projects. The analysis demonstrated a higher differentiation of profit indicators in cities, as well as a significant drop in performance and efficiency of companies located in the immediate neighbourhood of the regional capital. The revealed patterns characterising the heterogeneous functioning of Novosibirsk economy can be considered by regional and local authorities when making decisions to support and develop business.

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VARIOUS CONVEXITIES AND SOME RELEVANT PROPERTIES OF CONSUMER PREFERENCE RELATIONS

Author(s): Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest,Tufan Tiglioglu,Yong Liu,Donald Mong,Marta Cardin / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The concept of convexity plays an important role in the study of economics and consumer theory. For the most part, such studies have been conducted on the assumption that consumer preferences are a binary relation that is complete, reflexive and transitive on the set 𝑋 of consumption choices. However, each consumer is a biological being with multidimensional physiological needs so that possible consumptions from different dimensions cannot be compared by using preferences. By removing that unrealistic assumption, this paper examines how the various concepts of convex preferences and relevant properties can be re-established. We derive a series of 10 formal propositions and construct 6 examples to show that (a) a weighted combination of two possible consumptions is not necessarily comparable with any of the consumptions; (b) not every convergent sequence of a consumer’s preferred consumptions asymptotically preserves that consumer’s preference preordering; (c) not all preferences satisfy either positive multiplicativity or additive conservation; (d) three types of preference convexities – weak convexity, convexity and strong convexity – can all be introduced into general convex spaces. This paper concludes with some research topics of expected significance for future works.

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Struktura przestrzenna przemysłu według intensywności B+R w okresie kryzysu gospodarczego. Przykład przemian zachodzących w aglomeracjach krakowskiej i wrocławskiej w latach 2018–2021

Author(s): Paweł Brezdeń,Dominik Sikorski,Karolina Smętkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The contemporary development of the knowledge-based economy makes it extremely important to analyze and evaluate the structures of the economy in terms of its degree of modernity. Hence, in periods of economic downturn, research relating to the innovativeness of business entities acquires particular importance in the perspective of the conditions of the economic development process.The purpose of the study was to analysis and assess spatial changes in the distribution of processing industry entities due to the level of its innovation in two Polish agglomerations (Kraków and Wrocław) in 2018-2021, i.e. covering mainly the period of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Changes in the spatial structure of the industry were presented using the classification of industrial processing according to R&D intensity in the system of high, medium-high, medium-low and low technology, both in static and dynamic terms. Quantitative methods were used to analysis and identify the degree of concentration and spatial specialization of the industry. The conducted research showed that the economic downturn resulting from the aforementioned crisis had little impact on the studied phenomenon. The changes recorded were analogous to the changes from previous years. The only exception were different trends in the distribution of low-tech industrial entities. Perhaps the consequences of the existing economic conditions resulting from the pandemic period will become visible only in the longer term.

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Entrepreneurship Support Instruments in Coastal Municipalities of Poland and Latvia: Scope of Application and Effectiveness

Author(s): Rafał Czyżycki,Elżbieta Ociepa-Kicińska,Jacek Rodzinka,Tomasz Skica / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Municipalities play a particularly important role, including in creating appropriate living conditions and organising the proper functioning and development of the economy. Taking into account the specifics of coastal municipalities, we verify how the activities of coastal municipal governments contribute to the development of local entrepreneurship in Poland and Latvia. Based on the results of the survey, 38,417 input data were analysed, giving room for comparisons to assess the effectiveness of analogous solutions applied in both countries and their consequences in the form of entrepreneurial dynamics. The results of our study indicate significant differences in changes in the level of entrepreneurship in coastal municipalities compared to other municipalities from the country. We also note that polish coastal municipalities are far more likely to carry out PPP investments and solicit new investors, while Latvian coastal municipalities are characteristically oriented towards foreign investors.

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Studying the Specificity of Coastal Cities in the Light of the Regional Business Spatial Community Concept

Author(s): Cezary Stępniak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study refers to the concept of Regional Business Spatial Community (RBSC) supporting the idea of sustainable development of SmartCity. The idea of RBSC is based on the possibility of using a map of the city through the application of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology combined with social communication tools thanks to which communities can be built. The article is based on the research material from the work on RBSC and the specificity of coastal cities was analysed through electronic observation (websites of cities) and direct observation based on visits to coastal cities. The analysis was carried out according to five aspects: organisational, functional, informational, spatial and technical. The study presents what specifics should be taken into account in the RBSC of coastal cities.

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Information and Communication Infrastructure as an Important Tool for Developing the Three Seas Initiative

Author(s): Maciej Czaplewski,Radka Nacheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the scientific literature in the field of regional economy and economic policy, the subject of the so-called Three Seas is often taken up. It is most often indicated that this area covers 12 countries located between three seas: the Adriatic, the Baltic, and the Black Sea. The need to accelerate the development of this structure is often indicated by expanding the Three Seas Infrastructure, especially energy, transport and information and communication infrastructure. The present article focuses on the latter one. The considerations based on literature analysis allow us to assume that for the assessment of modern information and communication infrastructure a special role is played by the following criteria: the degree of country coverage with fixed broadband networks, the availability of modern mobile networks in the LTE standard, and the speed of data download in fixed and mobile networks. To carry out a comparative assessment of the information and communication infrastructure of the Three Seas countries according to these criteria, the authors used the data presented by the statistical offices of these countries and the data of international telecommunications organisations. The assessment of the information and communication infrastructure of the Three Seas countries based on these criteria indicates qualitative discrepancies of these infrastructures, which is not supporting a suitable socio-economic development rate of this structure. Therefore, an important task is to reduce the discrepancies observed in the studied area. According to the authors, this will primarily require: – Further expansion of modern telecommunications fixed broadband networks, – Further migration of fixed-line operators’ networks of mobile operators’ networks towards the IP standard.

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Development Perspectives of Investment Funds in Republic of Macedonia

Author(s): Dragica Odzaklieska,Kosta Sotiroski,Marinela Todorovska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

This paper will discuss the importance of investment funds for the expansion of investment alternatives in the capital market in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as their role in collecting funds from small investors who often do not possess sufficient knowledge and financial resources to achieve satisfactory degree of diversification of their individual portfolio. It will also give a review of perspectives, measures and recommendations to encourage the development of these financial institutions in our country

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DEVALUATION AND CONSUMER PRICES

Author(s): David Umoru,Fabius Oshiotse Imimole / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this paper, we estimated the impact of daily and weekly exchange rate devaluations on consumer prices in Africa using 20 African nations as case studies which included Angola, Benin Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Chad, Congo Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Senegal, Togo, and Tunisia. This study used a multivariate DCC-GARCH model. Over the long and short terms, it was discovered that devaluation had a detrimental impact on consumer prices. The study obtained a 100% response of consumer price level to exchange rate devaluation. In particular, the dynamic response of consumer price level to devaluation of currencies was complete as 100% variation in consumer prices was totally accounted for by devaluation of currencies. With both daily and weekly data, the study established that devaluation is a direct and significant predictor of the changes in consumer prices in Africa. We observed volatility persistence with shifting conditional correlations for both consumer prices and currency devaluation. Except for Senegal, other countries studied showed that volatility of currency devaluation and consumer prices at one time or the other (short or long run or both) had recognizable patterns of behavior that can be associated with the other whether inversely or directly. All countries examined have movements in exchange rate devaluation and consumer prices time-varying conditional correlation. Additionally, innovations in a currency devaluation and consumer prices significantly increase impulse responses in themselves during future days and weeks.

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EFFECT OF MICRO-PENSION UPTAKE ON PERFORMANCE OF SMES OPERATING WITHIN THE INFORMAL SECTOR OF NIGERIA

Author(s): Kehinde Isiaq Olaiya,Bamidele M. Ilo,Abdul-Azeez Adeniyi Alao,Emmanuel Olufemi Adebayo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The objective of this research was to investigate the impacts of micro-pension schemes on small and medium-sized enterprises that operate within the informal sector of Nigeria. Data was elicited from one hundred and three (103) small and medium-scale enterprise business operators and their employees in Nigeria via the administration of a questionnaire. The study used a regression analysis model to test the stated hypotheses. According to the results, the adoption of micro-pension plans in Nigeria during the study period was significantly influenced by income level and financial literacy, but not by the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Therefore, it was recommended that in a bid to increase the participation of Nigerian SMEs in the uptake of micro pension schemes, efforts should be geared toward improving their level of education through various mandatory continuous education programs.

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Factors of Adoption of Electronic Commerce in SMEs in Mexico

Author(s): Gerardo Haces,José-Melchor Medina,Ramon-Ventura Roque,Julio-Cesar Macias,Hector-Gabino Aguirre / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

E-commerce has transformed the entire process of product sales between sellers and buyers, which has been of economic benefit for both parties. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main decisive factors of this adoption, integrating aspects of Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Through a quantitative method, data was collected and analyzed from 434 SMEs using a questionnaire. Findings highlight that the perceived ease and usefulness of e-commerce, influenced by perceived advantage and observability, are critical determinants in the decision to adopt these technologies. Additionally, it was found that management support and employees' knowledge of Information Technologies (IT) play a relevant role in this adoption. This study adds to the existing literature on technological adoption in SMEs, showing important insights for the northeastern region of Mexico and suggesting avenues for future research. The results are relevant for business decision-makers and public policy formulators, offering guidance on how to enhance e-commerce adoption in the SME context.

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Causality between Greenfield Investments, Regulatory Quality, and Economic Growth: Are the Western Balkans different?

Author(s): Azra Branković,Sahrudin Sarajčić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study aims to examine the causality link between Greenfield Investments, Regulatory Quality, and Economic Growth by using seven Western Balkan countries between 2003 and 2022. Johansen cointegration tests, the VECM model, and multiple empirical unit root tests are the foundation of the empirical analysis. The study's findings indicate that, in the short run, GFI-led growth in Albania and North Macedonia is supported. In the long run, the analysis backs the growth driven by GFI in Serbia and Montenegro and the growth driven by regulatory quality in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria. The findings support the growth driven by regulatory quality in most Western Balkan countries, reassuring national policymakers that encouraging improvements in regulatory quality and GFI inflows is warranted and will ultimately spur economic growth.

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