Rosatom's Activities in the Asian Market

Author(s): Hedvika Koďousková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As far as civil nuclear power development is concerned, the research identified several different groups of players in the Asian market: 1) mature countries with their own nuclear technology and services export programs (i.e., Japan, South Korea, and increasingly China); 2) countries which operate nuclear power plants, but have had otherwise limited participation in the nuclear sector due to being non-signatories to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (i.e., India until 2008, Pakistan); and 3) newcomers to the sector, who decided to address their rapidly growing energy demand by developing their own nuclear power-generating capacity (e.g. Vietnam and Bangladesh).

Activities of Gazprom in Asia and the "Eastern Dimension" in Russian Energy Policy

Author(s): Hedvika Koďousková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the 1990s and at the beginning of the 2000s, there were practically no major efforts of Russia to diversify its oil and gas exports beyond Europe. Except for some preliminary agreements between Russian private players with potential Asian consumers (see below), there were no gas purchase and sale contracts concluded as well as no major infrastructure constructed, which would connect Russian vast but untapped Eastern Siberian and the Far Eastern gas resources with Asian market.

Energy: Can Greening Be Reconciled with Blacking?

Author(s): Lidia Puka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The EU’s new Member States have taken an active stance towards European energy-security mechanisms, such as the Regulation on the Security of Gas Supplies. On the overriding question of climate policy, however, they have often been reactive. In the opinion of many European environmentalists, Poland in 2012 “defied” European climate policy. It opposed the introduction of a binding obligation to raise the benchmark for average EU greenhouse gas emissions from 20% in 2020, to 30% by 2030 (as compared to the 1990 levels). And it refused to give political significance to the European Commission’s Communication “Energy Roadmap 2050,” which presented five strategies towards the low-carbon transition of European economies. This was viewed as indicative of Poland’s, and the new Members’, role as laggards. In reality, however, Poland’s actions were indicative of a broader split on the EU’s emerging energy policy.

НЯКОИ АСПЕКТИ НА ПОЛЕЗНОСТТА НА ПРОДУКТОВИТЕ НОВОВЪВЕДЕНИЯ В СТРОИТЕЛСТВОТО

Author(s): Todor RAYCHEV / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The qualitative features of end user construction products have increasingly fostered insulation product innovations. Moreover, issues such as rapid overpopulation, the negative impacts of fast climate change, etc., have helped develop innovative concepts such as the circular economy and green transformation and have raised awareness about the importance of their wide-spread implementation in construction. This paper aims to explore innovative construction elements with enhanced features whose manufacturing may benefit society by increasing economic and social efficiency and effectiveness. This analysis will be conducted through the perspective of the chain: innovation – circular economy – green transformation in construction.

Poglavlje 27: Životna sredina

Author(s): Petar Đukanović / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

U EU se reciklira oko 60% otpada, a u Crnoj Gori manje od 10%. Svaki stanovnik Crne Gore godišnje “proizvede” 330 kg otpada, bez turističkog otpada, a prema istraživanjima ta cifra će do 2020. dostići 450 kg. U zemljama EU je, 2010. je stupila na snagu zabrana upotrebe plastičnih kesa u cilju smanjenja zagađivanja životne sredine. U EU zagađivač plaća i može biti krivično gonjen zbog zagađivanja životne sredine. Smanjenje rizika od ekoloških incidenata nije moguće bez značajnih investicija i izgradnje sistema upravljanja rizikom u skladu sa EU propisima i praksom; Pouzdan uvid u stanje životne sredine i nadzor nad primjenom propisa bili bi gotovo nemogući bez članstva u Evropskoj agenciji za zaštitu životne sredine i drugim relevantnim institucijama EU.

АНАЛИЗА ФИНАНСИЈСКИХ ПРЕВАРА У УСЛОВИМА ГЛОБАЛНЕ КРИЗЕ, СА ОСВРТОМ НА БОСНУ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНУ

Author(s): Tajana Serdar Raković,Svetlana Sabljić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Global tendencies and outbreaks, the Covid-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian crisis, as well as numerous problems in the corporate sector, have increased the risk of financial frauds. Businesses are still struggling to manage their business operations, generate cash and keep their businesses afloat. All of the above increases the pressure to meet goals such as profit, financial performance and market and stakeholder expectations. Managers and employees may be tempted to manipulate financial statements to avoid business failure. In order to successfully combat financial frauds, it is necessary to know and understand the concept, types and causes of frauds and the way they are carried out. According to the research results, the share of asset misappropriation in the total number of financial frauds in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 61%, while financial statements frauds and corruption number 21% and 18%, respectively. A successful fight against financial frauds isa combination of prevention, detection, research and undertaking of legal and control measures. The paper deals with the concept, types and frequency of financial frauds, methods for reducing the risk of frauds and opportunities for prompt and more efficient detection of committed frauds, with special reference to Southeastern Europe and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

OPPORTUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE EU INTEGRATION PROCESS FOR BIH

Author(s): Arijana Huseinović,Tarik Kupusović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The EU environmental policy does not address consequences resulting from various segments of development, but their harmonization with environment, which is a milestone of every economic, social and cultural development. The EU environmental policy has been implemented on different levels. Therefore, harmonization and implementation of legislation in BIH is an indicator of good government, as well as local self-government. Every decision, regulation and conclusion issued at any level should be characterized by short-term, midterm and long-term effects relating to the right of present and future generations to the equal use and management of limited natural resources. Although environmental policy has been identified as one of the priorities in the EU integration process, and legislation substantially harmonized with the EU legislation has been implemented in BIH, it is still insufficiently applied. The control level of implementing environmental permits and environment protection in general is relatively low. The responsible entity and cantonal (in the Federation of BIH) institutions insufficiently implement the required political, legal and institutional reforms in order to develop this framework. Neither national nor entity levels have undertaken significant steps for implementing programmes and strategies required by the signed agreements and contracts between the EU and BIH. Only few local communities show some dynamics and ability to join contemporary European trends in the environmental aspects of public utility infrastructure development and take advantage of existing opportunities that have been significantly increased after the Stabilization and Association Agreement EU – BIH has come into effect.

ECOLOGIZATION OF ECONOMY AS A TOOL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, MITIGATION CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES AND PRECONDITION FOR INTEGRATION PROCESS TOWARD EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Sulejman Redžić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Climate changes have been taking their share in last 30 years all over the world. Loss of soil caused by frequent flooding and soil erosion has resulted in increasing number of hungry people left without roof over their heads. Lack of fresh water is considered to be key issue nowadays. Conventional energetic resources are being lowered daily. All those facts were confirmed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of our planet. Ecological crisis is getting worse every day without possibility to get out of it. This imposes emergent and effective ecologization of human society on global scale. First of all, it is necessary to conduct ecologization within economic sector, which is obligatory task to developed, less developed countries and especially to the countries going through socio-economic transition. All investments should be planned and analyzed on ecological basis, taking into account rules and laws of the European Union (EU). The investment is considered to be ecologically acceptable if it applies waste-less technologies with low energy input and products that are environmental friendly, whereby the Pollution Prevention should be a dominant approach. This relates especially to forestry and wood-industry which is basic economy sector in Western Balkan countries. Major cost savings could be done within this sector, which would cut down our needs after woods and new sources of fresh water. The most present questions in the Western Balkan countries, especially in BiH, questions that mainly correspond with serious environmental disturbances and climate changes, are those of hydro energetic sector. Without any kind of sever previous ecological study, there are being destroyed even last streams by construction of flow-through hydroelectric power plants, and building of high dams for large hydroelectric power plants. Some large and ecologically questionable investments are planned within Adriatic equator (territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Besides, there is yet to be solved route of Vc-corridor in its most delicate shares. Water is being re-directed from one watershed into another. Irreverence of both ecological laws and demands jeopardizes the biodiversity, specific habitats, especially endemic forms of life. This imposes need after more distinct stand of the EU toward all countries seeking to become its member on achieving and implementation of required ecological obligations in each aspect. In other words, there should not be new investment done unless there is a visible ecological base for it. Every single Euro has to be additionally „turned into green“. Likewise USAID (United States Agency for International Development) has done it through its after-war recovery programs in BiH achieving the outstanding results. As a first steps in achieving of sustainability is ecologization of educational system.

INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND REGIONAL ELECTRICITY MARKET IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE

Author(s): Nela Vlahinić-Dizdarević,Saša Žiković / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The implementation and benefits of regional electricity market (REM) in Southeast strongly depend on institutional capacity in these economies. At the same time, the appropriate level of institutional resources is crucial for SEE countries in order to benefit from the REM. The first step of institutional reforms is the establishment of national regulatory agency in the field of energy. All SEECs have adopted the EU reform model and established formally independent regulatory agencies, but the same model copied on those implemented in developed economies obviously is not a guarantee for an effective regulatory process. The failure of regulation in many less developed countries is the result of underestimation of the importance of the institutional capacity and institutional differences across countries, while the process of unbundling has made the regulatory task even more complex. The barriers for the regulator’s independency can be related to a shortage in human and administrative resources, a lack of political support for the reforms and regulator’s close connections to regulated industry. The second step of institutional reforms necessary for building REM considers regional cooperation and regional institutional activities. SEE countries have implemented the harmonized, uniform approach influenced by EU Directives in the energy sector and this approach requires extensive subordination of national interests. Harmonization is especially important in order to attract private investors because they will invest only if there is a high degree of certainty about transmission network access, regulatory transparency and predictability. Therefore the common regulatory framework within the region with the coordination of regional planning would create benefits for all the SEE countries.

Актуално състояние на българската енергетика и стратегическата роля на ядрената енергия

Author(s): Ivan Hinovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

It is presented the actual status of the generation structure of Bulgarian power industry with accent to the contribution of nuclear energy to keep the security and sustainability of the national electrical grid operation, as well as its advantages proposing one of the best economically viable option for investments in this branch. Two of the most discussable investment projects for new nuclear builds are discussed. Different scenarios and variants for future development of this industry are considered including the new conditions and circumstances giving impact and determining the future of these projects. Internal and external factors creating posi tive economical and political conditions for the development of these technologies are reviewed. An algorithm of actions and management decisions for successful implementation of new nuclear builds in order to maintain the key role of this branch for the energy security is proposed. It is proposed in the tender documentation to be included few principal requirements to the equipment suppliers, as well as clear and grounded binding engagements.

Understanding Climate Risks: A Banking Perspective

Author(s): Panagiotis Mavridis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Climate change effects on financial assets, either from natural disasters or shifts in policy and technology, can no longer be disregarded. Despite the fact that most countries have committed to the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, the great majority of private and public financial capital is still being allocated to economic activities that are deviating from this direction or worse in some cases are in opposition to those goals. How much of a risk does this discrepancy pose for financial institutions and in particular, for financial stability? This paper aims at presenting key points on a banking perspective of climate risks.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN SOUTH MORAVIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPE FUNCTION AND THE PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND RESOURCES

Author(s): Marek Havliček,Hana Skokanová,Bořivoj Šarapatka,Renata Pavelková,Patrik Netopil / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on identification of rare landscape structures in model areas of South Moravia with traces of traditional and regionally conditioned ways of farming, assessment of their significance in the protection of agricultural land resources, environmental protection, and provision of eco-system services. The potential of future use of these areas, the possible sustenance of traditional ways of farming, or the possible renewal of extinct landscape structures are other key topics of the paper. The aim of the paper is to find the answers to the following research questions: What are the surviving rare historical landscape structures in the model areas with respect to the categories of land use, how are they being currently managed? How are the surviving historical landscape structures in the model areas protected in the view of the environmental and landscape protection? What are the options of renewal of historical landscape structures?

СЪЗИДАТЕЛНОТО РАЗРУШЕНИЕ В ПРОЦЕСА НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКО РАЗВИТИЕ

Author(s): Julia Dobreva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Author(s): Yanica Dimitrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report examines the theoretical connection between innovation and CSR and their opportunities for development in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of the Republic of Bulgaria. Based on the results of an empirical study among 300 SMEs implementing innovations in our country, opportunities for the development and implementation of innovations in CSR are outlined, which will increase the competitive performance of the Black Sea region.

ВЯТЪРНИТЕ ГЕНЕРАТОРИ, КАТО ОБЕКТ НА ОЦЕНКА

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The peculiarity of wind generators as an object of evaluation is that they are a complex system - equipment that has separate elements that can be subject to self- assessment, as well as the fact that the wind generator that produces electricity together with service equipment can be considered and evaluates as a business, through the approaches and methods used in the valuation of commercial enterprises. The second important feature is that the installed and operated wind generator are permanently connected to the ground through their foundations and are essentially immovable facilities. The necessary documents under the Spatial Development Act are being developed for it and construction and installation activities are being carried out. Therefore, in their assessment as an active object, two appraisal competencies are required - an independent real estate appraiser and an independent appraiser of machinery and equipment. When evaluating a wind generator or wind farm, an independent appraiser of commercial enterprises and receivables may be involved as an independent business.

ЗЕЛЕНАТА СДЕЛКА И ПРОБЛЕМИТЕ В ТРАНСПОРТНОТО ОБСЛУЖВАНЕ

Author(s): Nikolina Belcheva Dragneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

European legislation enables and encourages member states to implement projects, referring to Art.7 of Directive (EU) 2019/944 of the European Parliament - The Green Deal. In transport, the aim is to reduce emissions in the sector by 90%, to which all modes of transport must contribute. The green transformation of transport is directly related to the production and introduction of sustainable alternative fuels and intelligent traffic systems. The digitalisation in the transport sector and the opportunities provided by dynamically evolving technologies lead to an increase in the quality of transport services as well as to the overall improvement of environmental and economic indicators.

ЧЕРНО МОРЕ КАТО ИЗТОЧНИК НА СЛАДКА ВОДА

Author(s): Polina Gradinarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Desalination of seawater is already a fact. In the 21st century, the main goal is the extraction and production of fresh drinking water. In this summary we will consider the different methods for its desalination. As the main method we will consider the reverse osmosis. The types of membranes and their role now and in the future.

АЛГОРИТЪМ ЗА ТЕЛЕМАТИЧЕН МОНИТОРИНГ НА ЕЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИ АВТОМОБИЛИ

Author(s): Kristian Ventsislavov,Kamen Seymenliyski,Silvija Letskovska,Stoianka Mollova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the general principle of operation of a specific author's algorithm, which is implemented in a real working telematics system for electric cars.

ETICKÝ MANAGEMENT V REGIONÁLNÍM A KORPORÁTNÍM VODÁRENSTVÍ V ČR

Author(s): Jiří Nesiba,Josef Smolík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the issue of water management in the Czech Republic. Based on research, authors compare two management concepts with sight to the ownership of the water company. In some cases, water companies are owned and managed by regional self-government (ideal type of regional public water sector) and for others examples water companies are owned by private sector (ideal type international corporate water sector). The paper compares both approaches in the Czech water sectors by the methods of ethical management and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Therefore, beyond the scope of the law, how both types of management implement ethical instruments effectively in managing strategic material. The contribution explains the specifics of the Czech water development in the last twenty years and examines the situation in 2018/19. In the research, authors compared the water sector in 63 regional and district towns and according to three categories – economic (division of financial gain), CSR (code of conduct, social initiatives) and management quality (strategical planning). The article presents the results of their research. At the end of thesis they make recommendations for public administration how to implement more effectively the ethical management of water supply in the Czech Republic.

Koşullu Değişen Varyans Modeli ile Elektrik Tüketim Miktarının Tahmini

Author(s): Savaş Tarkun / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Electricity is a type of energy that plays an essential role in sustainable life and has a very high added value in various sectors. Electricity is one of the most critical actors in economic prosperity and growth, as it has strategic importance in socio-economic development. This type of energy, which cannot be stored due to its nature and must be consumed as soon as it is produced, has always been up to date in electricity demand forecasting studies since it is integrated with all aspects of economic development. At the same time, a single model does not always give accurate forecasts. In the study, the volatility of the electricity consumption amount for the period 2007:01 - 2020:12 was tried to be determined with the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model. The ARCH effect determines the electricity demand variable during the study period. This result caused the error term to lose its constant variance feature due to the significant increase or decrease in the electricity demand series. Therefore, this result shows a symmetrical effect on electricity demand. In other words, the ARCH (1) model shows that positive and negative shocks are related to the squares of prior period shocks, and volatility is affected by this relationship similarly. The study model calculated the ARCH coefficient as (0.55). Due to seasonal effects, it has been concluded that the duration of the volatility will not be very long, but it causes volatility.