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MEKÂNSAL PLANLAMADA YER SİSTEMİ YAKLAŞIMI; HAKÇA/GERÇEKÇİ PLANLAMA (H/GP)

Author(s): CANAN ZEHRA ÇAVUŞ,TELAT KOÇ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 09/2017

So-called the Earth system refers to the system which comprises all (solids, fluids, gasses, organisms and human as well) components of geosphere and theirinteractions. The consumption of natural resources and subsequent emergence of environmental problems led to growth of human’s interest to planning studies. Recently, developments in understanding of planning are represented by strategic and ecological planning approaches. In this contribution, we interrogate deficiencies in various planning practices and then we propose a morerational Earth system-based planning approach in the example of Turkey. It is thought that the present planning approaches are far from meeting the need for sustainable use of resources. A new “judicious/realistic planning approach” is proposed here considering the fact that human’s knowledge on natural and social sciences is based upon what they learned from their environs and environmental problems that occur around them. When Turkey’s natural resources is considered from the view point of sustainable use, it is possible to mention an obvious decrease in this sub-region. This exhaustion in the matter of planning should be taken into account in any future attempt that may be put on the agenda in Turkey. In this study, we anticipate that sustainable planning of resources of Turkey can be realized using our judicious/realistic planning approach on.

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Анализ Эколого-Экономической Эфективности Существующих Способов Утилизации Твердых Бытовых Отходов

Author(s): Oleksandr Voloshyn / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

Nowadays, achieving of sustainable development became impossible without effective, both from an environmental and from an economic view, solution of the problem of recycling of solid waste. The paper gives an overview of the ecological and economic efficiency of the main existing methods for utilization of solid domestic waste, namely, incineration in combustion plants, biothermal composting, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, use of combined methods. The essence of the widespread methods of utilization of solid domestic waste, their scope. The main drawbacks of the existing methods of solid domestic waste utilization were also outlined: such incineration in combustion plants is the most appropriate from the economic point of view, but poorly solves the problem of environmental pollution, because a significant part of harmful substances do not burn at temperatures used in incineration plants and the process is accompanied by a significant amount of emissions of harmful substances and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; when using a biothermal composting, debris, with all heavy metal impurities, radioactive and other possible harmful substances, is just applied to the fields as a fertilizer or in a greenhouse as a biofuel; when pyrolysis is used, the unit's capacity for the process to dispose of household waste cannot be large; to carry out the process of pyrolysis of such low-calorific fuel as solid household waste, considerable additional energy resources are required, which causes high operating costs; the process of plasma combustion to neutralize domestic waste is quite energy intensive, which is why it is not currently self-supporting at the moment.

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Główne linie podziału między Komisją Europejską a Polską w zakresie polityki energetycznej

Author(s): Tomasz Motowidlak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2018

Due to the dominant role of coal in the structure of energy production and the high dependence on gas imports from the Russian Federation and together with politicization of economic relations with this country, Poland is particularly exposed to the unfavorable influence of some European Commission’s policies and initiatives in regards to energy policy. The paper has shown that they mainly concern the gas market and climate protection and include, first of all, the drive to increase the supply of Russian gas to the European Union and to reduce CO2 emissions by energy producers. The reciprocal links between these policies and initiatives and the economic and political interests of Poland have been presented. The conclusions drawn from this paper may include the possible negative effects of these links and proposals how to direct our country’s energy policy in order to limit or avoid these effects. // Ze względu na dominującą rolę węgla w strukturze wytwarzania energii oraz dużą zależność od importu gazu z Federacji Rosyjskiej, a także na upolitycznienie relacji gospodarczych z tym krajem, Polska jest narażona w sposób szczególny na niekorzystny wpływ niektórych działań i inicjatyw z zakresu polityki energetycznej, proponowanych przez Komisję Europejską. W artykule wykazano, że dotyczą one głównie rynku gazu i ochrony klimatu i obejmują w pierwszej kolejności dążenie do wzrostu dostaw rosyjskiego gazu do Unii Europejskiej oraz do ograniczenia emisji CO2 przez producentów energii. Przedstawiono wzajemne sprzężenia zachodzące między tymi działaniami i inicjatywami a gospodarczymi i politycznymi interesami Polski. Sformułowane wnioski obejmują możliwe negatywne skutki tych sprzężeń oraz propozycje ukierunkowania polityki energetycznej naszego kraju, które pozwolą na ograniczenie lub uniknięcie tych skutków.

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Hollanda Hastalığının Etkileri: Rusya Örneği

Author(s): Levent Şahin,Dilek Kutluay Şahin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

Dutch disease is decline of other sectors with the development of natural resource sector in a country. Dutch disease was seen with being the leading sector and presence of natural gas resources in the Netherlands for the first time but the term Dutch disease was used in 1977. There are two causes of the Dutch disease. First one is discovery of natural resources in country. Second one is increase price of natural resources in the World. In the study, impact on economy of Russia’s oil production was investigated within the framework of Dutch disease. Datas belonging to Russia (2000-2014 period) were used while doing the study. They were taken from the World Bank, International Energy Agency and Russia Federation State Statistics Service. Descriptive method was used in the study.

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Bulgaria’s energy security in the context of energy dependence on the import of oil products

Author(s): Diana EFTIMOVA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Over the years Bulgaria has remained strongly dependent on its import of oil products mainly due to the lack of oil resources on its territory. This import dependence poses a significant risk for the country’s energy security. In this research we analyse Bulgaria’s energy security in terms of its dependence on the import of oil products. For the purposes of this research on the energy dependence we estimated the degree of Bulgaria’s dependence on the import of oil products it needs, as well as the degree of import diversification in terms of the number of suppliers and the diversification index. The results show an interesting trend – despite the large number of suppliers, the diversification index remains at levels that pose high risk for the energy security of the country.

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The role of the international atomic energy agency in maintaining nuclear peace and non-proliferation regime in the 21st century

Author(s): Tomasz Młynarski / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2017

The article is an attempt to explain the IAEA’s critical role in ensuring global nuclear safety and on the global nuclear governance system. The objective of the Agency’s operation is promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, including the use of energy to produce electricity, along with establishment of a system of safeguards to ensure that the countries do not use the peaceful assistance for military purposes.The aim of the article is to present the principles of the internationalsystem of nuclear safeguards and the role of the IAEA in maintaining nuclear peace and nuclear challenges of non-proliferation regime reform. The duality of nuclear technology (dual use) causes the need of strengthening the competence-control and institutional resources of the IAEA. It is necessary to oblige the Member States to cooperate with the Agency’s inspectors. The Agency should also develop a procedure to standardize the rules, structure, and legal restrictions. In addition the UN Security Council should react faster in the case of non-compliance detection. A separate issue is the internationalization of the fuel cycle.

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Розвиток відновлюваної енергетики як фундамент енергетичної безпеки

Author(s): M. M. Kuzmina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 30/2017

The concept of energy security of the country, its components, and the place of renewable energy in ensuring the environmental sustainability of production in conditions of sustainable development is analyzed in the article. The author focuses on the need to improve the legal regulation in this area and proposes concrete changes to the existing legislation.

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Footprinting, czyli mierzenie śladu pozostawionego w środowisku

Author(s): Jerzy Śleszyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The paper enumerates the strengths and weaknesses of indicators belonging to the family of footprint indicators. They follow the Ecological Footprint method and describe the anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment stemming from the functioning of production models and consumption patterns. The environment provides us with resources and also absorbs pollution. However, all these benefits are available to an extent limited by the capacity, resilience and stability of ecosystems. In the conclusion of the paper, recommendations for a more frequent and productive application of footprint indicators are offered.

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Удосконалення технології отримання технічного етанолу з альтернативної сировини

Author(s): Sergіj Petrov,Oleg Chaika / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 05/2018

The purpose of the article is to study the properties of fallen leaves as raw materials for the production of bioethanol; Improvement of the technology of recycling cellulosic raw materials into bioethanol in the most energy-efficient and ecological way. As a result of the study, it has been found out that the production of biofuels from renewable raw materials is characterized by features of innovative technology: the rapid growth of this sector of economy is accompanied by a significant increase in market share. The use of fallen leaves as raw material will eliminate the current conflict of interests associated with the use of food raw materials for the production of bioethanol, will prevent the withdrawal of resources from the sphere of food production. Significant positive factors in the production and use of biofuels are improvement of environmental conditions, reduction of the harmful effects of exhaust gases on the human body, reducing environmental pollution and, consequently, reducing morbidity and associated costs of medical care. The use of bioethanol as an ecobiopilot makes it possible to increase the octane number of fuel, and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of the engine. Thus, the use of bioethanol leads to a qualitative improvement of technical and economic indicators, which is also an indicator of innovation. The threat of reducing (exhausting) non-renewable sources of energy is also the factor that necessitates the development and improvement of biofuel production technology. The relatively low profitability of biofuel production is due to the low yield of the target product and the high cost of pre-treatment of cellulose raw materials. The method of obtaining bioethanol from renewable non-demanded raw materials - fallen leaves - was improved. The technique allows to increase the bioethanol yield due to more effective hydrolysis of hard-hydrolysable polysaccharides.Further development of the study of the differences in the microelement composition of leaves collected near environmentally-polluting industries and streets with busy traffic, on the one hand, and ecologically clean territories, on the other hand, has been further developed. With the help of spectral analysis it was established that the microelement composition of fallen leaves varies considerably depending on the place of collection. This circumstance should be taken into account when organizing the collection of raw materials for further processing of bioethanol.The results of the study can be used in practical work related to the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies for the processing of renewable unclaimed raw materials.Further research perspectives may be related to the deeper study of the relationship between the degree of contamination of the raw material collection area for the production of bioethanol and the trace element composition of the final product. Also, further research perspectives may be related to the specification of the degree of innovation of the proposed technology and the calculation of its economic efficiency.

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Energy Union: Europe’s New Liberal Mercantilism?

Author(s): Csaba Weiner / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Svein S. Andersen, Andreas Goldthau and Nick Sitter (eds.) Energy Union: Europe’s New Liberal Mercantilism? (International Political Economy Series) Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017, 253 p. ISBN 978-1-137-59105-0

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GOSPODARKA ODPADAMI A STAN ZANIECZYSZCZENIA ŚRODOWISKA NATURALNEGO W POLSCE W 2015 ROKU-PRZEGLĄD REGIONALNY

Author(s): Patrycja Ozga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

In this article, a comparison of current state of waste management in the Voivodeships has been conducted as well as the environmental contamination across Poland. This evaluation was conducted using computer-generated Voivodeships' rankings, which were created based on synthetic variable. The rankings were created using MUZ method.

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Wykorzystanie transformaty Fouriera oraz transformaty falkowej do analizy przebiegów odkształconych

Author(s): Jacek Bartman,Dariusz Sobczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The work is devoted to the problem of analysis of electric waveforms distortion. It presents the basis for frequency-based analysis using on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and time-frequency analysis using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).The final part of the paper presents the use of both methods for the analysis of current distortion by a machine CNC.

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STEROWANIE ZE SPRZĘŻENIEM ZWROTNYM OD SKŁADOWEJ AKTYWNEJ PRĄDU TRÓJFAZOWEGO

Author(s): Tomasz Binkowski,Bogdan Kwiatkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The control systems used in electrical engineering need an information about values of currents flowing in the controlled objects for the correct and safe operation . In the case of three-phase currents their momentary values change over time, often remaining in the moving phase relative to the voltage. This article presents a method of obtaining information about the active component, which is largely responsible for the load operation. The measured value of active component is used as a feedback signal in the process of adjusting current induction motor. The current measurement method described in the article has been modeled and examined in a Power Sim environement.

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TESTY ANOVA JAKO NARZĘDZIE WSPOMAGAJĄCE WERYFIKACJĘ HIPOTEZ STATYSTYCZNYCH

Author(s): Wiesława Malska,Bogusław Twaróg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The article presents the use of significance tests that support the verification of statistical hypothesis. Verification of statistical hypothesis is based on accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis of a predetermined level of probability α. This decision is made only on the basis of the results of the trial, without the study of the whole statistical population. Materiality tests are particularly useful in applied techniques, where results from a small or large random sample are generalized to the whole statistical population. This article uses selected tests that are available in the STATISTICA computer program. These tests are based on random distributions of random variables. An example of the use of the verification of the equality of mean values α for the issues related to the quality of electricity in the supply voltage circuits is presented. The results of random sampling are generalized with a probability equal to the significance factor.

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Optical Properties and Analysis of OJL Model’s Electronic inter-band Transition Parameters of TiO2 Films

Author(s): Nicholas Musila,Mathew Munji,Justus Simiyu,Eric Masika,Raphael Nyenge / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2018

Titanium dioxide is a wide band gap semiconductor responsible for the bright white appearance in most substances. This material has many unique properties due to its extra-ordinary chemical stability. TiO2 has a conduction band that closely matches the excited energy level of organic dyes hence it is used in fabrication of photo-anode electrode of dye sensitized solar cell. However, the optical properties and the density of states of TiO2 thin films determine the performance of dye sensitized solar cell fabricated from TiO2 photo-anode electrode. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to investigate the optical properties and the OJL electronic inter-band transition analysis of TiO2 nanoparticle thin films. Under the OJL model, the expressions of density of states were specified for the optical transition from the valence band to the conduction band. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods and deposited on a conductive glass substrate by screen printing and spray pyrolysis techniques. SEM analysis revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles were spongy and had unevenly sphere-shaped profile while TiO2 nanotubes had a skein-like morphology with abundant number of nanotubes intertwined together. This study showed that TiO2 thin films have both direct and indirect band-gaps. The OJL Gap energy (E0) values were observed to be between 30273.2356 and 31072.0000 wavenumbers which translated to band-gap energies between 3.744 and 3.843 eV. From these findings showed that TiO2 films prepared could be used in the fabrication of high performing dye-sensitized solar cell.

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ROZWÓJ ENERGETYKI WIATROWEJ W PRZESTRZENI SUBMIEJSKIEJ A PERCEPCJA KRAJOBRAZU KULTUROWEGO

Author(s): Berenika Ryszkowska,Tomasz Starczewski,Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The contemporary growth of wind energy, as a response to the increasing demand for energy, is related to the construction of new wind energy facilities, including those using locally available renewable energy sources (RES). The location of power plants, especially in places which to date have not been associated with energy production, has an effect not only on the change and/or diversification of the functions of an area, but also on the transformations of landscape structures and landscape perception. Most fears and widespread discussions regarding potential landscape transformations are raised by those among the new energy facilities that have an above-average size and an unusual shape (for a given area). Wind power plants are among such installations. They are located predominantly in rural areas, including in close vicinity of cities (suburban areas).The study aims to analyse the perception of cultural landscape by the local community in the context of the development of wind energy in the suburban area. The research area covers the city of Sztumand its neighbouring rural areas included in the urban-rural commune of Sztum, LAU 2 in Pomorskie Region (NUTS 2).

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Yenilenebilir Enerjide Kamu Politikalari ve Türkiye

Author(s): Turgay Berksoy,Dilek Akbaş Akdoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2018

The aim of this study is to examine the public policies made for renewable energies such as incentive and support mechanisms and evaluate the effects and efficiency of these mechanisms. In this study, the renewable energy policy in Turkey and incentive mechanisms used as a tool to conduct this policy was explained. In the empirical part, the relationship between incentive mechanisms and renewable energy was analyzed using panel data techniques. Annual data sampled from 28 EU member countries and Turkey for the years between 1990 and 2015 was used. Four incentive mechanisms, including feed-in tariffs, quotas, tenders and tax incentives, have been included in the model. Based on empirical results, among incentive mechanisms only feed-in tariffs and quotas have a significant and positive effect on renewable energy. An increase in either of these incentive mechanisms will lead an increase in the use of renewable energy.

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Utilisation of Copper Slag Waste and Heavy-Weight Aggregates for Production of Pre-cast Shielding Concrete Elements

Author(s): Wojciech Kubissa,Roman Jaskulski,Pui-Lam Ng,Jiajian Chen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Concrete as a versatile building material can provide physical and biological shielding against ionizing radiation. In addition to nuclear reactor covers, facilities requiring radiation protection are radiological and X-ray laboratories in hospitals or health centres. The function of radiation protection can be met by heavy-weight concrete, whose shielding properties are largely derived from the high-density aggregates. One of the possible construction methods of shielding walls in healthcare buildings is the use of pre-cast concrete blocks. For this purpose, research on a concrete having a density in the air-dry state of higher than 3200 kg/m3 using barite, magnetite and basalt as coarse aggregate and copper slag waste (from by-product of the process of copper extraction by smelting) as fine aggregate has been performed. The copper slag waste has been used, among others, as an abradant in the surface sandblasting process but after such usage it is considered to be a waste and as indicated by pilot research, it can be a good substitute for sand in concrete. Mechanical properties, water absorption and sorptivity of heavy-weight concrete so produced were compared with reference concrete prepared with crushed amphibolite as coarse aggregate and quartz sand as fine aggregate.

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Developing a Novel Levelised Cost of Electricity Model for Power Generation Plants

Author(s): Ndala Yves Mulongo,Clinton O. Aigbavboa / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is a metric that is largely employed by decision makers in energy sector to measure the cost performance of various electricity generating sources options. Unfortunately, the current LCOE model is naïve and is not inclusive enough since it is a mere summation of capital, Operations and Maintenance, and fuel costs. Hence, ignoring some elements that are crucial to business decision. An additional issue with the standard LCOE model is that it is only applicable to electricity production options, which use akin technologies with the same annual energy production (Megawatt-hours) as determined by capacity factor. To provide a fair cost assessment between various power production technologies and to address gaps containing in the current LCOE model, this study has developed a novel LCOE model that incorporates critical components to business decision such as, lifecycle greenhouse costs, Transmission and Distribution costs, and rated capacity replacement costs during power crisis. In this study, the novel model has been applied to six different electricity generation plants. Various analyses have been conducted including sensitive analyses to load factor, discount rate, and lifespan. The overall results clearly demonstrated that both fossil fuel power plants and nuclear technology are cheaper to build and generate electricity from than renewable energy sources. However, a conclusion was drawn up that due to the inexhaustibility aspect of renewable energy sources, thus, they should be given more weight. Because, they are sustainable in a long run as well as environmental friendly.

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USE OF FRACTIONAL CALCULUS IN MODELING OF HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS THROUGH EXTERNAL BUILDING PARTITIONS

Author(s): Ewa Szymanek / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2018

This paper is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of heat distribution in an external building bulkhead. It analyzes the variation of temperature across the width of the bulkheads including the impact of changing external conditions. Mathematical model used in the research is formulated based on a fractional differential equation, which was proven to be a useful tool for describing this type of process in previous paper.Numerical results are compared with experiment data for different bulkhead configurations.

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