1859 YILINDAKİ ŞAMAHI VE ERZURUM DEPREMLERİ HAKKINDA RUSYA BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ ÜYESİ HERMANN VON ABICH’İN RAPORU 1859 YILINDAKİ ŞAMAHI VE ERZURUM DEPREMLERİ HAKKINDA RUSYA BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ ÜYESİ HERMANN VON ABICH’İN RAPORU

Author(s): M. Yasin Taşkesenlioğlu,Muhammed Taşkesenligil / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2020

The Caucasus, where the mountains extending from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, is almost divided into two parts, has been one of the expansion areas of Russia since the 18th century. Russia, which managed to dominate the entire Caucasus, including the South Caucasus region, which was called ZaCaucasia in the following century, not only politically and militarily, but also through scientific studies with the studies it has established within the Academy of Sciences, it has managed to create an inventory that concerns many disciplines, especially history, geography and sociology. Moreover, these scientific studies were carried out in the territory of other states, such as the Ottoman State. In 1859, upon the simultaneous earthquakes in Shamakhy and Ottoman-dominated Erzurum, the Academy of Sciences commissioned the German geologist Abich, who has been conducting research in the Caucasus, to conduct seismic surveys in these regions. This report, which was published in Russian shortly after presenting her field research to the academy in French, constitutes the most important part of our study. In the introduction part of the report before the conclusion of the field researches on the related earthquakes, Abich, who made evaluations about geology, emphasized the importance of the Caucasus region for this branch of science. Abich, who carried out his investigations on the Shamakhy and Erzurum earthquakes with the help of barometers and technical devices, also gave important information about the topography of the cities and the destruction they suffered. In the sections of this study other than the translation of the report, there is also an evaluation by us in the light of first hand sources regarding both earthquakes and the destruction caused by it.

20. godina rada društva

Author(s): Hamdo Tabaković / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/1977

Speleološko društvo Bosne i Hercegovina osnovano je 5. aprila 1956. godine u Sarajevu. Prateće društvo bila je Speleološka sekcija pri Geografskom društvu BiH, koja je formirana 12. oktobra 1954. godine i djelovala je sve do osnivanja Speleološkog društva.

65 de ani de cercetare în construcţii, arhitectură şi urbanism

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian

History of NIRD URBAN-INCERC: research in civil engineering, architecture and spatial planning.

A CULTURAL APPROACH TO EARTHQUAKE COPING STRATEGIES: EXAMPLES OF TURKISH FOLK POEMS AND MEMORATES

Author(s): Hülya Çevirme / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2020

The aim of this study is to ensure that the cultural dimension discussed among the strategies to cope with the earthquake and to propose the use of this cultural dimension in earthquake education. The documents of the study consist of Turkish folk poems and memorates. In the study, document analysis method, one of the qualitative data collection methods, was used; the data were interpreted with information obtained from descriptive analysis. As a result of the research, it has been observed that Turkish folk poems and memorates have supernatural, mystical, traditional beliefs and thoughts about earthquake. The positive cultural dimension related to the earthquake that is folk poems and in memorates is that unity and solidarity and glorify of the solidarity tradition. On the other hand, the negative cultural dimension is the belief that the earthquake is a punishment due to people violated the religion, tradition and custom. In addition, the social and political disintegrations that occurred during the earthquake were also interpreted as a negative cultural dimension. From this point of view, it is suggested that the cultural dimension of the earthquake is considered as an additional strategy in addition to the known coping strategies and is defined “cultural memory strategy”.

A demographic portrait of Romanian immigrants In California

Author(s): Dan Valeriu Voinea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The most numerous Romanian community in the United States of America is in the “Golden State”, California – a state that is a traditional immigration state since the beginning of the gold rush. Officially, there are currently over 60.000 people of Romanian origin established in California, although that number might be much higher because of two factors: undocumented migration and the loss of gradual loss of identity through each generation. Starting from as little as 15-16 families back in 1912 (Alecse, n.d.), Romanians established in California make up 14.5% of the 449,928 immigrants of Romanian origin living in the the United States of America (Voinea, 2014, 62). The aim of this paper is to analyze the current demographic portrait of Romanian immigrants in California, using data from the 2013 American Community Survey.

A review of balneary-climatic tourism in Suceava County and the related studies

Author(s): Justine A. Costanza,Luciana-Alexandra Costan (Briciu) / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

A brief review of the studies on balneary-climatic tourism in Suceava County highlights the existence of important resources in the study area for this type of tourism. Past and present tourist facilities for balneary-climatic tourism are described, with a focus on the unexploited potential. The tonic-stimulant bioclimate is specific to the greatest part of the territory because the mountainous area stretches from the western boundary to the eastern third of the county. Of high interest is the Vatra Dornei – Poiana Stampei area due to the numerous mineral waters and the peat bogs. The case of Cacica salt mine, which is used in the aerosol therapy and is an important tourist attraction, is discussed. The presence of hydrocarbon vapours in the mine hingers the beneficial effects of the salt deposits, but this subject was not analysed by local authorities in order to mitigate the issue. Pools with salt water are used by tourists in the study area, but other surface freshwaters are also useful for balneary purposes.

A TELEPÜLÉSEK FEJLŐDÉSÉRE HATÓ TERMÉSZETFÖLDRAJZI TÉNYEZŐK

Author(s): Anna Péczeli / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2020

The formation and development of settlements is a complex process, which is determined by various developmental factors. The study examines the impact of natural factors on waterfront communities. It is interesting to observe how natural aptitudes influenced not only the life of the town, but the town's main street line, its role and its additional options. Among other things the study wants to find out should at all or at least by some extent and through the example of the main street recognized natural factors that influence the development of settlements. Or to what extent does the main street reflects the characteristics and developmental stages of the settlement. In order to provide a more comprehensive answer the study examines settlements that have similar natural features, yet have different lifestyles. In this way the factors that determined not only the line of the main street, but also the further possibilities and development direction of the settlement are described. In conclusion, the study attempts to answer to a pair of hypotheses. One is in what extent do natural factors influence the development of settlements, whether the main street of the town is really reflecting the influence of settlement forming facts and whether it is true that »the main street is the mirror of the town«.

A View of Planning in Romania

Author(s): Josefina López Galdeano / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Action-collaborative networks of the region goverment on lend and forest fire restraint in Pelalawan District, Riau Province

Author(s): Mustiqowati Ummul Fithriyyah,Sri Suwitri,Yopie Warella,Febri Yuliani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The problems of forest and land fires continue to overshadow in Riau Province and Pelalawan District including the contributors of fire spots of forest and land fires. The handling and control of forest and land fires run during this time tend to be incidental and focus on the aspect of fire suppression only. The extinguishing and controlling of forest and land fires fire has been undertaken by several agencies in the local government organization of Pelalawan District. While the relationship between the agencies is more information share and informational relationship and the deployment of resource assistance is limited to the capacity of each organization during the occurrence of forest and land fires only, not led to a collaborative multi-disciplinary working approach (inter-organizational collaborative network) in the area of local government. This research aims to Described the management situation of forest and land fires that took place in Pelalawan District, conducting analysis and academic studies on the practice of Network Inter-Organization by controlling forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Pelalawan District, and formulating model Inter-organizational network-based organizations that can be applied to regional government of Pelalawan District in every bureaucracy organizations. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with reference to literature studies and interview reluct collection by (Agranoff & McGuire, 2003).

AESTHETIC PROPERTIES OF GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES: EVIDENCE FROM THE LAGONAKI HIGHLAND (WESTERN CAUCASUS, RUSSIA)

Author(s): Dmitry A. Ruban / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Beauty adds value to unique geological features because the former is important for tourist emotional satisfaction. Aesthetic properties of geological heritage landscapes (landscapes dominated by unique geological phenomena) should be distinguished from their aesthetic attractiveness. Field studies permit ranging all basic aesthetic properties according to their local importance. The same information allows realizing appearance of the properties, which can be either positive or negative. The aesthetic properties of a world-class geosite representing ancient carbonate platform and diverse karst features, namely the Lagonaki Highland (western part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains) are examined. It is established that the Lagonaki Highland has physical parameters that determine a specific set of aesthetic properties. Three most important aesthetic properties of the studied object are openness, pattern, and uniqueness. These properties match the expected tourists’ idea of beauty, and, thus, the geological heritage landscape of the Lagonaki Highland is characterized by significant aesthetic attractiveness, which is important for tourism development.

Air ionization - an environmental factor with therapeutic potential

Author(s): Liviu-Mircea Enache,Iulia Bunescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Environment is characterized by a significant number of physical parameters, among which is the air ionization. It is also important under biomedical aspect, because it exercises the beneficial influences of living organisms. In the introductory considerations, the paper presents some theoretical details of how air ions are generated naturally and are mentioned some biological effects produced by ions (especially by artificial ionization), the most important from therapeutically point of view. Then, are presented the measurement methods of this electrical component of the ambient air and some ion concentrations from different places, but also in some balneary-climatic resorts from Romania. In the final part of the paper are mentioned the conclusions, as well as some new possible explanations (based on quantum theory) on how the air ions act on living organisms.

Air temperature trend analysis of Târgu Mureș, Romania, between 1986- 2020

Author(s): Ion Buglea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

One of the processes with the greatest impact on humanity in the second half of the twentieth century was global warming. Detection, estimation and prediction of trends are important aspects of climate research (Hansen and Lebedeff, 1987). Trends have become the most frequently used technique to identify climatic variability on a regional and local basis (Amadi et. al., 2014). Trend is a long-term change (increase or decrease) in a time series (Ragatoa, 2018). In the current context of climate change, we considered that a study on the evolution of air temperature in the last 35 years is needed, especially since it is the first study of its kind for this area. The aim of this study was to highlight long-term trends (magnitude and direction) in terms of air temperature (average, minimum, maximum, anomalies), at different time scales (multiannual, seasonal and monthly), in the city of Târgu Mureș, between 1986-2020. The analyzed data series come from the archive of the National Meteorological Administration with the records made by the local meteorological station. The analysis was performed using MS Excel spreadsheets with MAKESENS software to evaluate trend and data distribution (Mann-Kendall, Sen's slope, Kurtosis and Skewness). According to the results of the Mann-Kendall test and the estimation of the slope of Sen, there were statistically significant positive trends in the warmer months (June, July and August). Average temperature values increased by up to 1.6° C, and the average slope varied by 0.049° C / 35 years. Regarding the multiannual average, with one exception (2011), the last 13 years have shown positive trends. Consequently, the average annual temperature in Târgu Mureș shows obvious growth trends in the last 35 years.

AN ANALYSIS OF HEAT WAVES IN BELGRADE AND NIŠ USING THE CLIMATE INDEX

Author(s): Valentina Drljača,Ivana Tošić,Miroslava Unkašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2009

У овом раду је извршена анализа топлотних таласа помоћу климатскогиндекса трајања топлотног таласа - Heat Wave Duration Index (HWDI), за Београд и Ниш. На основу дневних максималних вредности температуре ваздуха, одређена је дужина и јачина топлотних таласа. Анализе су урађене за зимску (децембар, јануари фебруар) и за летњу сезону (јун, јул и август). У Нишу је због израженије континенталности забележен већи број топлотних таласа(и зими и лети) у односу на Београду. Од средине 80-тих година топлотни таласи имају већу честину, јављају се у просеку сваке године (или се чак годишње јави и више од једног топлотног таласа), док су се пре 80-тих топлотни таласи просечнојављали једном у две године (Ниш лети), или чак једном у три године (Београд лети).

An assessment of in-channel alluvia (aits) in the Suceava River near Suceava city, NE Romania

Author(s): Gabriela Florescu,Andrei-Emil Briciu,Simon Mark Hutchinson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

A study was conducted to investigate the change in physical and geochemical composition of alluvial sediments in three selected aits along Suceava River, upstream and downstream of the Suceava urban area. Water chemical analyses were also carried out. Pit profiles were dug for each ait to assess the variability of sediment composition with depth. We used grain size distribution, organic matter and carbonate content, elemental geochemistry and magnetic properties to highlight vertical and horizontal variability of the selected parameters. Results show spatially distinct sources for the alluvial material deposited as aits, i.e., input of finer sediments in the upstream part (main river) and coarser material deposited in the downstream part (tributaries). Sediments and water downstream of Cetății Creek are characterized by high organic content, sulphur and heavy metal concentrations, resulting primarily from the discharge of the polluted waters of this tributary into Suceava River.

AN EVALUATION OF SUMMER DISCOMFORT IN NIŠ (SERBIA) USING HUMIDEX

Author(s): Milica Lukić,Milica Pecelj,Branko Protić,Dejan Filipović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The bioclimatic analysis of the central area of the city of Niš conducted in this paper is based on the use of the bioclimatic index Humidex, which represents subjective outdoor temperature that one feels in warm and humid environment. The purpose of this research is to observe the index change on a daily basis during the hottest part of the year (June, July, and August) over the period from 1998 to 2017. For the purposes of this analysis, hourly (7:00, 14:00), maximum and mean daily values of meteorological parameters (air temperature and relative humidity) were used, for the period of 20 years (1998-2017), which were measured at Niš weather station (43°19'N, 21°53'E, at an altitude of 202 meters). The findings indicate a gradual change in the bioclimatic characteristics of this area during this period, especially over the last decade. After 2007 there has been a decrease in the total number of the days described as “comfortable”. However, there has been an increase in the index values in all the other heat stress categories characterized by a higher or lower degree of thermal discomfort. The years 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2015, and 2017 stand out as adverse years.

An exceptional meteorological phenomenon, difficult to forecast.

Author(s): Ion Marinica,Andreea Floriana Marinică / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper highlights the emergence and rapid evolution in Oltenia of a Cumulonimbus cloud during a summer night, in anticyclonic regime and the disastrous consequences of the considerable amount of water resulting during the rain. “The disaster that swooped in the morning of 5.VI.2003 on the inhabitants of two neighbouring villages. Hundreds of households have been swept away by the rain caused by torrential rain. A cloud passed over the village of Ţîntăreni in Gorj, and above the village of Fratoștița, which belongs to Filiași, Dolj County, as if it had broken in two, letting the water flow over the village. The skies started down the valley, taking everything in their path - fences, stables, cattle, birds, horses, dogs. At 7.30 AM, the flood reached the commune of Tînțăreni, devastating hundreds of other households. The villagers say that the plague started at 4.00 AM in Fratoștița” (“Gazeta de Sud”). The paper is part of an extensive series of studies on the evolution of climate risk phenomena and climate change in Oltenia (Bogdan Octavia, Marinică I., Mic Loredana-Elena 2008, Bogdan Octavia & Marinică I. 2009, Bogdan Octavia, Marinică I ., Marinică Andreea Floriana 2010, 2017; Ion Marinică, Andreea Floriana Marinică, 2016).

An integrated geoarchaeological approach to Late Iron Age settlement at the Kaštelina hillfort (Lopar, Island of Rab, Croatia) using Amplitude Data Comparison (ADC) method and trial excavation

Author(s): Paula Androić Gračanin,Fabian Welc,Ana Konestra,Bartosz Nowacki / Language(s): English Issue: XXIX/2020

Geophysical prospection and small-scale archaeological excavation were undertaken on the site of Kaštelina, a Late Iron Age hillfort settlement located on the Stolac promontory in the northern part of Rab island (Kvarner Gulf, Croatia). Within the frame of the “Archaeological topography of the island of Rab” program, a Polish–Croatian team applied a series of multidisciplinary methods to study the occupational history of the site, its preservation, the nature of selected site features and future research potential. Ground-penetrating radar and magnetometer surveys, combined with the implementation of the Amplitude Data Comparison (ADC) method, led to the detection of remains of Late Iron Age building structures distributed over the northwestern side of the Stolac promontory. Archaeological excavations verifying the findings of the geophysical survey resulted in the discovery of a dwelling with associated outdoor features. A preliminary assessment of the outcome of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the site of Kaštelina emphasizes the importance of the collected data for a general understanding of Late Iron Age settlements and their internal organisation in a wider context.

ANALIZA GUSTOĆE PONIKAVA NA SJEVERNOM VELEBITU I SENJSKOM BILU

Author(s): Sanja Faivre / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1992

The analysis of the dolines density on the North Velebit and Senjsko Bilo is shown. On 947 km2 has been registrated 18 059 dolines. One of the basic characteristic is the regular ranges of dolines, principally in direction NW-SE, and the regular change of the zones of bigger and smaller density. This indicate that the influence of the fault zones is essencial. The disposition of the ranges of dolines density has an exceptional morphostructural importance. There are three main fault zones: 1. Melnice-Kuterevo NW-SE, 2. Krasno-Lipovo polje WNW-ESE, 3. Bakovac fault zone E-W. The highest intensity of the dolines density is related to a wider area of convergention of three mentioned fault zones i.e. to the SE edge of Senjsko bilo, weider area of Lipovo polje and Bakovac.

Analiza minerałów ciężkich jako metoda określania źródła osadów wodnolodowcowych w obszarze między Piotrkowem Trybunalskim, Radomskiem a Przedborzem

Author(s): Andrzej Barczuk,Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 103/2015

The paper presents results of the heavy minerals analysis separated of 39 fluvioglacial sediments samples collected at 19 sites in the Piotrków Trybunalski, Radomsko and Przedbórz area. A significant variability of transparent minerals (ca 14–82,5%) and opaque (ca 17,5–86%) have been shown in the set. Comparying to loess around Przedbórz area as to erosion resistance, transparent minerals were divided into five groups. Additionally, carbonates and phosphates as a local substratum index has been added to the classification of a group of 6. Spectra in all groups proved an advantage of Scandinavian detritic material, which was found some link between the resistance and the distance minerals and sediment transport dynamics and their age. Coming up to 40% of biotites and chlorites in glaciofluvial sediments interpreted as synsedimentary aeolian admixtures. Przedstawiono wyniki analizy minerałów frakcji ciężkiej wyseparowane z 39 próbek osadów wodnolodowcowych pobranych w 19 stanowiskach między Piotrkowem Trybunalskim, Radomskiem a Przedborzem. Analiza wykazała duże zróżnicowanie udziału minerałów nieprzezroczystych (14–82,5%) i przezroczystych (17,5–86%). W nawiązaniu do badań lessowych w okolicach Przedborza, minerały przezroczyste podzielono na 5 grup, przyjmując jako główne kryterium odporność na czynniki wietrzeniowe. Do klasyfikacji dodano grupę 6 – węglany i fosforany ze skał podłoża. Wszystkie próbki wskazały na przewagę źródła skandynawskiego materiału detrytycznego, przy czym stwierdzono pewne powiązanie między odpornością minerałów a odległością i dynamiką transportu osadów oraz ich wiekiem. Obecność tylko w nielicznych próbkach minerałów z utworów lokalnego podłoża dowodzi niewielkiej roli egzaracji w obszarze pogranicza Niżu i Wyżyn. Dochodzący nawet do 40% udział łyszczyków w osadach wodnolodowcowych zinterpretowano jako synsedymentacyjne domieszki eoliczne.

ANALIZA OPADÓW ATMOSFERYCZNYCH W UNIEJOWIE JAKO PRETEKST DO BADAŃ KLIMATU LOKALNEGO UZDROWISKA

Author(s): Marcin Gorączko,Mateusz Cukras / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The article presents statistical analysis of precipitation data for the period 1980–2015 collected at the Uniejów station belonging to the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management of the National Research Institute. The analysis identified rainfall characteristics in the long term and in annual, seasonal and monthly perspective. The conducted research has shown that precipitation is one of the most variable elements of local climate, not only in terms of quantity, but also periods of their occurrence and duration. Having up-to-date knowledge of seasonal and long-term cyclicality of precipitation, as well as the possibility of significant deviations from average values, seems to be particularly important for a city whose current economic development is mainly dependent on the inflow of tourists seeking recreation and open-air entertainment. Furthermore, only a proper identification of the specific characteristics of the local climate of Uniejów provides the necessary basis for its protection against the effects of anthropogenic impact on the environment in this region.