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ХИДРОЛОШКА АНАЛИЗА ВОДОТОКА У СЛИВУ СКРАПЕЖА

Author(s): Jelena Kovačević-Majkić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

Reasons for lack of hydrological studies in mountainous regions are: absence of hydrological measurements and the fact that measurements were not continuous. However, as mentioned areas are basic sources of fresh, unpolluted and useful water, itis necessary to carry out water regime researches and continuous measurements. Surface amount of water in Skrapež river bed was analyzed, as well as its regime and water balance. Water management problems were pointed out as well. This paper discusses problems connected to decreasing of water amount in the last 20 years of analyzed period, variations of discharge, threats to economy in periods of both low and highwater, and also points out the torrential character of the river. The possibilities of waterusage from previously unstudied Skrapež sub basins are pointed out as well. Research and utilization of these sub basins provided that high water quality is preserved, would lead to high level of solving the problems of water supply, irrigation and torrential rivers.

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CONTEMPORARY CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND FOREST FIRES IN DELIBLATSKA PESCARA

Author(s): Vladan Ducić,Milan Milenković,Milan Radovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2008

Considering the actual scenario of contemporary global climate changes and their possible influence on forest fires, the connections between temperature changes and precipitations on fires have been examined in Deliblatska pescara. The basic characteristics of fires have been analyzed in the area which is considered the most endangered in Serbia. The decreasing trend of annual number of fires was ascertained for period the 1948-2002. However, the trend of annual temperature and precipitation changes is not in accordance with the trend of annual number of fires. Some seasonal aspects related with the change of climate elements can not also explain the decreasing number of fires. A rising trend of annual fire spread surface have been ascertained,which is in accordance with air temperature rise at the end of the 20th century. However,five extreme values were far above the upper standard deviation, which was explainedby non climate factors (increase of surface under pine trees, mistakes during fire extinguishing and similar).

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РЕЉЕФ ПОДРУЧЈА ОПШТИНЕ АРАНЂЕЛОВАЦ

Author(s): Ljubomir Menković,Milan Košćal / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2007

Relief of the Arandjelovac municipality area was formed under the power of exogen and endogen forces. However, since the endogen shapes were largely reformed on the surface, the paper paid special attention to exogen – morphosculptural processes. Therefore, the relief types are defined according to processes that played the dominant role in exogen forming of the geological basis. Geomorphologic evolution of the relief has been tracked from the Middle Miocene until these days. The forming of shapes and the entire relief is explained by geomorphologic processes. The development and the intensity of the processes depended on geological built, climate neotectonic movements and other. In the course of the morphologic evolution of the relief, the geomorphologic process have, under the effect of climate changes and neotectonic movements, mutually exchanging and restoring multiply.

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АНАЛИЗА РЕЧНОГ РЕЖИМА И ВОДНОГ БИЛАНСА У СЛИВУ ЛЕПЕНИЦЕ

Author(s): Ana Milanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2007

Речни режим Лепенице у овом раду анализиран је на основутридесетогодишњег низа података о водостају и протицају 1975–2006, док су за анализу водног биланса коришћени подаци из периода 1961–1990 г, због дисконтинуитета у мерењу падавина на кишомерним станицама у овом сливу. Коришћен је метод Љвовича за анализу водног биланса на основу којих је изведено више закључака. Резултати анализе водног биланса за слив Лепеницеуказују на неповољан режим храњења реке подземном водом. С обзиром да се ВС Баточина налази се на 7,3 km од ушћа, мишљење је и да би значајно било поставити водомерну станицу и у изворишном делу реке, као и на већим притокама (Драчи, Угљешници, Грошничкој реци, Ждраљици), јер оне имају велики утицај на водни режим Лепенице. У раду је дато и више предлога за побољшање речног режима и водног биланса у сливу Лепенице.

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GEOGRAPHICAL SPECIFICITY OF THE RIVER'S REGIME IN BULGARIA

Author(s): Nelly Hristova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

This paper presents the types of river regime based on the three characteristics and two categories. The types are isolated from the number of cases with a high water and low water phases. The subtypes were detached from the duration of a high water and low water phases. There are three types (and seven subtypes) of river regime in Bulgaria. Mildness-Continental type is with spring high water phase, summer-autumn low water phase and transitional water during winter.Continental-Mediterranean type is with winter-spring high water phase and summer-autumn phase of low flow. Transitional type is with spring-summer high water phase and increase in flow during November and December, steady low water phase from July (August) until October and with the winter low water phase.

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АГРОКЛИМАТСКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ЛЕСКОВАЧКЕ КОТЛИНЕ

Author(s): Radomir V. Ivanović,Nataša Martić-Bursać,Mrđan Đokić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2007

The biggest south Morava river valley and one of the biggest valleys in Serbia – the Leskovac valley represents an area which is typically agricultural. In agricultural production, wheat and maize participate with 60%, and vegetables (mostly potatoes and peppers) participate with about 16%. It is also a huge producer of fruits and vine. However, the yield of these cultures is not big. In order to get bigger yield, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of these cultures growing conditions where the agro-climate studies have a significant place. The work is concerned with the characteristics of climate in Leskovac Valley and they are shown by basic climatic elements (air temperature, sunny days and precipitation) for the period from 1975 to 2000. According to then, specific agroclimatic indicators were made – the length of the vegetational period, the sum of active and effective temperatures, hydrotermic (HTK) and heliotermic (HeTK) quotient and bioclimatic index (BKI).

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ОСНОВНЕ ГЕОЛОШКЕ И ГЕОМОРФОЛОШКЕ ОДЛИКЕ ПРОСТОРА ОПШТИНЕ ЉИГ ЗА ПОТРЕБЕ ПРОСТОРНОГ ПЛАНИРАЊА

Author(s): Milovan Milivojević,Jelena Ćalić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2006

Ljig municipality is situated in central Serbia, in the area of low hills at the southern rim of the Pannonian basin. The paper gives the overview of geological composition of municipal territory (through listed lithological elements, with lithological map), as well as the basic types of groundwater aquifers (intergranular, fissured and karstic). Geomorphological part of the paper offers the hypsometrical analysis (hilly areas at the altitudes from 200 to 500 m a.s.l. are dominant), as well as the relief exposures (northwestern, western and northern exposures are dominant), with the accompanying maps. Apart from that, there is a genetic overview of relief: it was formed by fluvial processes (dominant type), mass-movements, and karstic process. In the conclusion, the potential use of particular geomorphological units is described, with the practical suggestions. The dominant river valleys are in the function of transport infrastructure, while hills are favourable for fruit-growing. Landslides are the main limiting factor in the areas of contacts between valley slopes and alluvial plains. Gullying character of most river courses, as well as dangers from floods, are the limitations as well.

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КЛИМАТСКЕ ОДЛИКЕ ОПШТИНЕ ЉИГ И ШИРЕ ОКОЛИНЕ

Author(s): Ana Milanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2006

Territory of Ljig municipal is located in Podrinje-Colubara region and belongs to the temperate continental climate with continental rain regime. This is hilly mountainous area with 848 m altitude (Rajac Mountain) and 723 m relative height, in which are deeply incised (up to 500 m) valleys of Ljig River and its tributaries. These geomorphologic features cause air streams direction in this territory, and because of that some parts of Ljig municipal have temperate continental climate (like valleys) and some of them have severe continental climate (like Rajac Mountain). Тhe peak of precipitation is at the end of spring and beginning of summer - in May and June, and the driest months are February and October. The great influences on climatic changes in Ljig municipal and its area have north low parts of Panonian area, which are open for penetration of damp and cold air streams from north, northwest and west. This mountain area on south part of Ljig municipal is some kind of “dam” for cold air streams from south, so they are considerable colder on this territory. On the base of available data in period 1961-1990 from Meteorological Annuals of Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia climatologic overview is presented.

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ХИДРОЛОШКЕ ОДЛИКЕ ОПШТИНЕ ЉИГ

Author(s): Jelena Kovačević-Majkić,Milan Radovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2006

Ljig municipality has a dense hydrographic network, composed mostly of the streams within the Ljig River basin. However, the quantities of water in these streams are relatively small, and characterised by great irregularities during the year. Moreover,in the last ten years of the research period, there has been a noticeable decrease of water quantities. The most significant river in the area is the Ljig River (48.9 km long), which is the largest tributary of the Kolubara River. The spring of the Ljig River is situated within the territory of the municipality, while the length of the stream on this territory is 30.13 km. The most significant tributaries of Ljig are Kacer, together with its tributary Kozeljica, as well as Dragobilj with Dragobiljica (Lalinacka Reka), Zerevac and Godevac. Among all the springs in Ljig municipality, the most important is the karst spring in the village of Ba, which is considered as the main spring of the Ljig River. It is used for water-supply of the town of Ljig and the village Kadina Luka. There are many water-management problems in Ljig municipality. The most prominent are the problems of erosion, gullying streams and floods, water-supply issues, as well as insufficient water-management infrastructure.

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HELIOCENTRIC ELECTROMAGNETIC LONG-TERM WEATHER FORECAST AND ITS APPLICABLE SIGNIFICANCE

Author(s): Milan Radovanović,Vesna M. Lukić,Nedeljko Todorović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2005

Heliocentric electromagnetic long-term weather forecast represents new methodological approach in studying of weather development. Accomplished results can have exceptional significance for needs of tourism and many other activities. Furthermore, since forecasts made for Belgrade can be tested to any place in the world which has daily meteorological measurements. For example, for all tourist manifestations, which are held in the open, application of this method can be of priceless value from economic, i.e. managerial aspect. Every further advancement of the used method in the context of modelling, as well as its practical use in any way, can give significant movement in the area of organizational needs. Contrary to former “classic” long-term weather forecasts (models), which have smaller and smaller reliable possibility with increasing of weather factor to which they are related to, in starting phase it was shown that heliocentric electromagnetic long-term weather forecast has relatively high degree of precision also in the third month. Regarding rainfalls, former electromagnetic long-term forecasts were also characterized by, conditionally said, partial success. Yet it seems that unrealizations that had occurred can not decrease the significance of applicated methods. On the contrary, they only confirm correctness of the basic assumptions, furthermore since moments on which one has to pay special attention have been recognized, in order to achieve even more precise results in the future forecasts. This paper analyzed two cases of long-term forecasts based on heliocentric electromagnetic approach.

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VARIABILITY OF SUMMER-TIME PRECIPITATION IN DANUBE PLAIN, BULGARIA

Author(s): Nina Nikolova,Stanislav Vassilev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2005

Over the recent years the climate extremes like as drought and floods becomemore often and have negative impact on human society. That is way it is very important to know the peculiarities of precipitation variability. The paper investigates precipitation variability during summer time in one of the most important agriculture region in Bulgaria – Danube Plain. The summer-time is determined for the period May – October. The study is based on monthly precipitation total for the period 1961-2005. The precipitation variability is analyzed by comparison with the period 1961-1990, determined by World Meteorological Organization as “contemporary climate”. In order to investigate the precipitation variability the various indices lake as Percent of Normal, Rainfall Anomaly Index and Cumulative Anomaly have been calculated. Two wet spells (1865-1983 and 1993-2005) and one dry spell (1983-1993) have been identified. The Kriging interpolation has been applied for presenting spatial distribution of precipitation variability.

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STATISTICAL PROCEDURES APPLICATION AND RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF PRECIPITATION ON MOUNTAIN STARA PLANINA

Author(s): Boško Milovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2005

In this paper, brief review of few statistical procedures, which can be used in climatological researches is given. For some of them, statistical formula is shown. As a numerical example, we have choose mean annual and decadal data for NAO index and amount of precipitation on wider area of mountain Stara planina in period 1951-2000. On a first place, homogeneity of precipitation data from 11 stations which are located on mentioned area is tested by usage of Man-Whitney’s test. Fullfilment of lacking data is done with three different methods. By application of different statistical procedures we have try to determine which one of them is the most convenient in explanation of precipitation spatial distribution and connection with NAO index. Application of parametric and nonparametric procedures, shown that there is statistically significant correlation between NAO index and amount of precipitation on both, annual and decadal scale. Relation between amount of precipitation and slope exposition on mountain Stara planina is examined. Linear trend of precipitation is calculated and its statistical significance on a decadal scale in mentioned period is tested.

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ХИДРОТЕРМАЛНЕ ПОЈАВЕ У ПЕЋИНИ РИСОВАЧА У ОКВИРУ МАСИВА ВЕНЧАЦ ШУМАДИЈА, СРБИЈА

Author(s): Janina Wrzak-Tomić,Andrzej Manecki / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2004

In the Risovača cave are found, for the karst, atypical alteration in the limestones structure. Also, morphogenesis of the object can not be logically interpret. Those differences are result of hydrothermal process in initial phase of karstic cycle. And then activity of hot water and hot emanations brought up to the metasomatism and destruction of rock, enormous excrete of ornaments and later, ceiling collapse and fill up of cave room.

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Severe winters during the Maunder Minimum and large scale drivers in Eastern Europe

Author(s): Carmen-Andreea Bădăluță,Monica Ioniţă,Gheorghe Bădăluță / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

sdfds fds fdsfsdfsd fdsf sdfsdf dsfsd fdsfsdIn this study we have developed an index which accounts for the occurrence of extreme cold winters based on documentary index and their social impact from Eastern Europe, over the Maunder Minimum period. In total, 41 harsh winters were extracted for the period from AD 1645-1715, and it’s the longest one, on record, over this area. Our investigation shows that the harsh winters occurrence rate is variable in the three areas of Eastern Europe and it`s spans in two periods: the Early Maunder Minimum (EMM) and the Late Maunder Minimum (LMM). The results obtained show that the number years of harsh winters has increased considerably during the EMM (AD 1645– 1665) and have an occurrence rate ~ 0.83/year. During the LMM we observe a small decrease in the occurrence rate (~ 0.52/year). However, during the transition period between EMM and LMM in Ukraine and southwestern part of Russia the harsh winter occurrence rate (from ~ 0.15/year to ~ 0.45/year) show the maximum (~ 0.45/year), in opposition to the Carpathian regions where the minimum is recorded. The opposite trend in the harsh winter occurrence rate could be the product of different action of large-scale atmospheric circulation or the Carpathian Mountains barriers.

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Assessment of land use changes and landscape fragmentation in the tourism area of Cacica and Vatra Dornei

Author(s): Vasilică-Dănuț Horodnic,Petruț-Ionel Bistricean,Dumitru Mihăilă,Vasile Efros / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper is intended to evaluate the effects of the development of anthropogenic activities on changes in the way of land is use and in the fragmentation of the landscape in the tourism areas of Cacica and Vatra Dornei (Suceava county). The proposed methodology includes the combination of geographic and cartographic data available, geographic information systems and landscape metrics. Using patches as landscape elements, a series of two-level (class and landscape) hierarchical landscape metrics were chosen to quantify the surface, number and size of landscape units that define the surveyed territory, homogeneity or diversity of the landscape. The ArcGis 10.2.2 software was employed to present the spatial distribution of land use changes over the 22 years (1990-2012) following the processing of the database provided by the European CORINE Land Cover project. The statistical results of the landscape metrics were obtained using the FRAGSTATS 4.2.1 software. The results highlight that, in Cacica landscape, the spatial pattern of land use and cover was dominated by a broadening of agriculture and semi-natural areas to the detriment of artificial surfaces and forests lands. On the other side, in the case of Vatra Dornei, the most prominent landscape changes were represented by afforestation and urbanization. The present study reveals a decrease of fragmentation for Caccia and an increase of fragmentation for Vatra Dornei which obviously contributed to the modification of the local landscape structure. Therefore, research findings underline the importance of supporting the geo-diversity of landscapes as they can provide additional tourist income and support the proper use of land.

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Mineral magnetic properties of sediments in Dragomirna Reservoir, Suceava County, Romania

Author(s): Andrei-Emil Briciu,Gabriela Florescu,Marcel Mîndrescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Sediment cores from Dragomirna Reservoir were extracted in 2012 with two different corers. Downcore susceptibility and remanence of magnetic minerals in the sediment composition were measured to assess their likely sources and pathways of deposition. Variability in the computed magnetic parameters shows the incrementa et decrementa of human footprint on reservoir sediments from 1964 until 2012. This period corresponds to the ascension and decline of industry and agriculture in Suceava metropolitan area. The high sedimentation rate dilutes the magnetic signal in the sediments, but, even under these circumstances, this reservoir proved to be a useful environmental archive.

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Ecologically dangerous phenomena and processes on the territory of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

Author(s): Nataliia Bielova,Oksana Nespliak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Negative ecological processes that develop on the territory of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast are observed. The qualitative and quantitative indexes of anthropogenic transformations of natural complexes of area are described. The average monthly variations of air temperatures of months such as January and July are analysed for the investigated territory and the prognostic tendencies of climate changes are shown until 2023. The volumes of emissions of separate contaminants are given in atmospheric air and water bodies. Influence of Burshtyn TEPS on environment is analysed.

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Climatological issues about the number of summer days (t ≥ 25 °C) on the territory of the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Anatolie Puțuntică / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This article presents the results of climatological research about the number of summer days on the territory of the Republic of Moldova during 1960-2012, collected from 16 meteorological stations. For this analysis were used indexes such as: annual and multiannual regime, monthly regime, maximum and minimum number of summer days with the temperature ≥ 25 °C, being determined the regions of maximum and minimum intensity of the number of summer days. It was fixed the general tendency of increasing the number of summer days, correlated with regional and global climatic changes.

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Comparative measurements of water and air parameters in stream corridors of Suceava County, Romania

Author(s): Andrei-Emil Briciu,Luciana-Alexandra Costan (Briciu),Dinu Iulian Oprea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Monitoring of water temperature and air temperature and relative humidity was carried out for four streamwaters (Suceava, Vițău, Brodina, Dorna) and the surrounding air in stream corridors of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains during summer months of 2011 and 2018. Measurements with high temporal resolution reveal average water and air temperatures (in the selected time intervals) that ranged between 12°C and 16.8°C and, respectively, between 13.8°C and 17.2°C. The monitoring sites offer cool to warm bioclimatic conditions, with the mention that the bioclimatic comfort is reached during daytime in the forests that borders the studied streamwaters. Streamwaters in valleys below 700 m above sea level have warm waters (temperatures greater than 21-22°C) during the afternoons and ideal for bathing or swimming, especially in reaches with deeper water (such as Suceava River). Also, neither cold, nor warm waters can often be found in all sites during summer months.

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Characteristics of the Hănești tornado

Author(s): Dumitru Pancu,Sebastian Pancu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The study of tornadoes on the territory of Romania is recent. That is why we turned to American geographical literature, utilizing the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale which represents the intensity of tornadoes in the United States of America (2007) as well as Canada (2013) based on the damage they cause (damage indicators, or DI). Each damage indicator is correlated with a particular estimated wind speed, depending on their degree of damage (DoD), and lastly the tornado is associated with the maximum intensity of all indicators. Six damage indicators have been analysed. In the case of the last two (27 and 28) it can be clearly seen that wind had reached speeds of 128 - 134 mph, equivalent to 206 - 215 km/h. This means that the tornado that occurred in Hănești was an EF2, being in the interval of 178 - 217 km/h (111 - 135 mph).

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