We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Ha a gazdasággal foglalkozás a vészjóslás tudománya, leginkább a vadász-gyûjtögetô társadalmak gazdaságának tanulmányozásakor brillírozik. A szakkönyvek szinte kivétel nélkül azt fújják, hogy a paleolitikumban az élet kemény volt, zord volt, s egymásra licitálva festik le, hogyan lett mind vészesebb és vészesebb. Bennük lapozva, az ember nem is annyira azon töpreng, hogy hogyan lehettek képesek életben maradni ezek a vadásznépek, hanem inkább azon: lehet-e egyáltalán életnek nevezni azt, ahogyan éltek. E könyvek lapjain a nyomkeresôt az éhenhalás réme cserkészi be szünetlenül. Technikai inkompetenciája – hogy is lehetne másképp? – szükségszerûen azzal jár, hogy megállás nélkül kell puszta túlélésének lehetôségéért megharcolnia. Lélegzetvételnyi ideje sem marad, minimális többletre sem telik neki, így nem folytathat „szabadidôs tevékenységet”, nincs ideje „kultúrát teremteni”. S mindezen erôfeszítései ellenére, termodinamikai hatásfoka tekintetében (évi per capita energiaellátottságot értve ezen) minden más termelési mód képes túlszárnyalni eredményeit. A gazdasági fejlettségrôl értekezô munkákban pedig folyton-folyvást ô az „elrettentô példa”: rajta mutatják be, mi az a „közvetlen szükségletre termelés”.
More...
The aim of the article is to discuss the processes of continuity and change that take place within the space of an industrial town, connected with the functioning of their cultural areas. The subject of interest is the process of creating qualitatively new cultural areas, changes of perception and valorization of socially degraded and empty cultural areas that are being ascribed new functions and meanings, as well as the development, maintenance and proper development of historical cultural areas of an industrial town, constituting the cultural heritage of this category of centres. The phenomenon of changes and valorization, was analysed on the example of the processes taking places in three towns, constituting the composition of the Upper-Silesian aglomeration, namely Bytom, Ruda Śląska and Zabrze.
More...
The aim of considerations is the analysis of the cultural space of neighbouring places situated in central Slovakia, namely Banska Bystrica and Zvolen. Basing on historical and ethnographic data the attempt was made to show the existence of various types of borders between the centers in question (a geographic, political, economic, economic, cultural and linguistic one). The emptirical studies assumed that the way of perceiving and interpreting the influence of the the very borders on people’s daily life, as well as their former and current influence on the local / town identity of inhabitants will be captured. The emphasis was put on presenting the actions of the inhabitants having a competitive and cooperative nature that have shaped the present-day economic, social and cultural needs, as well as the influence of a domestic and local politics aiming at forming one regional centre.
More...
The aim of the article is to show the relationship between the Zandek housing estate and the community inhabiting it. Concentrating workers of Donnersamck steelwork, it used to be a perfectly functioning space of inhabitance. Nowadays, the inhabitants form a culturally diversified system. The problems are standard flats and social pathology. Though, it used to be the place of a specific culture. Today Zandek can be considered a cultural area because of the monuments placed here and an active nature of enthusiasts. Tradition, closed in the inhabitance space, helps to look for an identity and meet the needs of living in a safe and healthy environment. It is a factor stimulating the formation of formal societies that have a positive influence on the whole local community.
More...
A conclusion deriving from an attempt at “inscribing” the phenomenon of immigration into a local space, is the existence of an inseparable relationship between them. Territory segregation is used as a tool levelling social tension against an ethnic background. Immigrants usually inhabit postindustrial, and poor districts offering low standard flats in the local structure. In the case of the Polish immigrants in Holland, it is reflected in the phenomenon called Polenhotels, namely housing estates created on the basis of former monasteries, institutions for the handicapped or army storehouses where they are accommodated. Ghettoization locates particular groups of people (not only in a physical, but also discursive dimension) in a marginal position.
More...
Immeasurable symbolic values of a local space constitute the basis and motive for designing mental maps. Mental maps consist of universal elements (e.g. communication paths, area borders) and particular geographical categories (e.g. world directions, known and characteristic towns). The latter are the centre of connotations, and the source of metaphors for characterising local cultural areas at the level of mental maps. The analysis of Bielsko-Biała reveals representations of this town as Manchester, Vienna, and Berlin, as well as the representations of the fragments of spaces of other town such as Paris and New York. In each scale and in each case, mental maps reflect the socio-cultural characteristic of the local space.
More...
The article brings the Polish-Chinese relations being the result of the economic cooperation between the authorities of Jaworzno and Chinese investors since 2010 closer. The biggest Poland International Trade Centre (SCC) in southern Poland was created in Jaworzno. The aim of the research was an attempt to answer the following questions: 1) how did the Polish-Chinese neighbourhood influence the reorganization of Jaworzno?, 2) what was the source of creating stereotypes and local legends?, 3) what influence did it have on the quality of the neighbourhood?, 4) how did the Chinese adapt to the local social system?, and 5) how do the inhabitants of Jaworzno evaluate and adjust to the changes taking into account their fears, and hopes connected with the appearance of the emigrants of the Chinese origin?
More...
One of the forms of popularising the knoweldge on the past is local historical performances. They are ludic in character, but also perform didactic functions with regard to a younger and older generation. They transmit patriotic information in an attractive form, and influence the process of shaping a historical awareness of Poles. The historical performances presented in the article show the history of Cracow. They are very popular among the inhabitants, though, arouse some concern, too. They are an example of the trivialization of scientific knowledge that is more and more often serving the role of fun. Its ludic, popcultural presentation has become a fairly unquestionably used canon of pedagogy these days. Historical performances seem to be yet another piece of evidence of the cumulation of the process of making modern culture more ludic.
More...
The world has been experiencing the era of commemoration for several decades. The events and heroes, usually doomed to oblivion until recently, are being commemorated. Many monuments appear out of an initiative of social committees. Monuments create places important for towns in which social memory is celebrated. They are an affective reference to the past and a material basis of remembering. They bring the images of the past back, facilitate remembering, as well as judge the events and establish the heroes and anti-heroes of the history. Nowadays, a traditional approach to public monuments, marked by respect, are accompanied by unconventional forms of their usage, revealing the idea crisis of such monuments as sanctified places of memory.
More...
The article treats about a cultural landscape of the Nowy Dwór housing estate in Wrocław. Since its formation in 1938, the very estate has undergone deep topographic and ideologic changes: from the “racially elite” community at the time of national socialism, an “industrial colony” in socialism to the tower block it is nowadays. The aim of considerations on the past and present landscape of the housing estate is to understand the co-relations happening between people and the place of their inhabitance as a cultural phenomenon, and including it in a broader trend of cultural studies dealing with the places of memory, collective memory and cultural landscape.
More...
It is among others the town compositional system that is responsible for the coherence of a functional-spatial structure. Particular compositional qualities of the space determine the cultural dimension of the town. The borders run between particular urban development units of the town that in plans of its development constitute peculiar barriers, but also committments. Interpretation of borders within the composition of of the local space as barriers and committments, constituted one of the elements of compositional analyses made within the “Study of determinants and directions of the spatial development” for the town of Wrocław. The experiences derived from these analyses allow for formulating the implications that can protect the town from a chaotic fragmentarization. Each fragment of the town, thus, should meet the compositional requirements constituting a high cultural value.
More...
The advertisements of new housing estates convince us of a new quality of the flat environment. The aim of the text is to present a cultural image of new housing estates of blocks of flats built after 2000. A dominant organizational form are housing cooperatives there. They were described through the prism of the organizational culture. The analysis of the content of opinions on the housing cooperative Internet fora was made, namely the analysis of the topics important for inhabitants, methods of their joint actions, norms binding in these communities and ways of taking social control. The studies included 30 opinions from the housing cooperative Internet fora from Gdańsk, Poznań, Warsaw, Wrocław and Łódź.
More...
A change concerning a paradigm of perceiving an industrial local space has taken place for the period of the last twenty years. The very phenomenon happens not only in Poland , but also all over Europe, the example of which might be such places as the Slovenian Stara Elektrarna, Estonian Kanuti Gildi SaaL centre, Warsaw Stara Papiernia centre, Wałbrzych “Julia” or Bytom “Rozbark” Coal Mines. The artistic movement developing there takes over postindustrial objects transforming them into cultural centres. Thanks to revitalization, the restoration of towns aiming at transforming the buildings that are no longer used into dynamically developing cultural institutions. The aim of the article is to bring the changes of former “Rozbark” Coal Mine and Silesian Dance Theatre in Bytom closer.
More...
Present paper analyzes the writing and usage of memorial poems in 20th century Dumbrăvioara. The analyze is based on eight booklets, two fragments of booklets and several texts, written on individual sheets, all owned by nine persons in total. In the village of Dumbrăvioara in different cultural and political environment and in case of different social groups, the usage of memorial poems turned out variant. In the fi rst half of the 20th century grown-ups, even men in military service, kept memorial booklets. From the second half of the century we can witness a signifi cant social regression in the usage sphere: although booklets were in a high number, they were realized and used especially by pupils of junior school, so the seriousness of memorial poems sunk simultaneously with social dislocation. So, humorous, even blithe poems appear more frequently. Memorial poems actually show the workings of the connective structure holding groups and societies together, how a group realizes and communicates their own thoughts. For this reason I have identifi ed the memorial poem as the product of a group culture (counterculture). Memorial booklets form a special memorial community, which surround the owner, and infl uences the relationship between the persons scoring the booklets.
More...
The study presents the popular beliefs involving the revenants in four villages situated in the upper course of the Nyárád (Niraj) Valley. This character is one of the most active supernatural beings in the world of popular beliefs of the inhabitants of these villages. After showing the shapes, places, temporal circumstances and causes of appearance, deeds of the revenants, as well as the countermeasures meant to prevent its appearance, the author analyzes the functions of these beliefs. The relation between the revenant and the “haunted” person is ambivalent, nevertheless necessary, since the gradual departure of the dead from this world, the permeability of the offi cially impermeable borders and the interaction between the living and the dead are indispensable for the mental and physical health and equilibrium. The loss of popularity of this belief is not foreseeable for the time being, since, through its teaching and ceremonies, the Catholic Church itself indirectly supports and strengthens this belief, while, on the other hand, the anxiety, pain, uncertainty and doubts awakened by the thought of ephemerality of human life is also a nourishing soil for it.
More...
My subject is the appearance of milk as a symbol in the proverbs. ‘The land fl owing with milk and honey’ is clearly a good place to be, but we do not know any more why exactly ‘of milk and honey’. On the basis of a collection of Hungarian proverbs, supplemented by examples from three major European languages, I try to argue that the archtype of milk carries the same meanings in each of the cases. The arch-type being a basic tendency instead of a defi nite motive, I have tried to divide the meanings of milk into the categories of happiness, wealth, life, force, fecundity, grace and sacrifi ce - and I have tried to put the proverbs into these.
More...
For the population of Moldova, Roumania, traditionaly not the wheat, but the maize is the main source of carbohydrates. At the Hungarian csángós’ majority residence in the county of Bacău the sowing territory of cereals is only a third part of the maize. In this region the Hungarian csángós, like the neighbouring Romanians, almost exclusively reaped the cereal grain with serrated sickle until the collectivization occurred in the 1960s. Th is operation was carried out by women, the swath-layer of the cutted-off grain, the binding in halfs (“felek”) and the pile of it in crosslinkings (“keresztek”), heaps (“kalangya”) was men’s duty. Th ey harvested with the sickle always uphill, usually in family community, but for faster work oft en organized borrowed work, named “kaláka”. In the second half of the 20th century the transition from sickle to scythe, but the cutted-off grain was still collected in bundles with rake, like the hay. At the transition to scythe, they put on the scythe a kinde of rake-crook “gereblyés kankó” utility, whitch directed in lines the cutted strings. Th e scythe is one of the most respected csangó farm tool.
More...
The study treats the spreading and developing of rosary societies, especially the appearance of the Living Rosary Society from the Szeklerland in the 19th century. We tried to sum up the number of communities of rosary type which existed and organised in the parish churches towards the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia, supported on the inventories drawn up in the 1900 and 1928. In the inventories we found important informations about the institution of this community, also it gave us exact dates about the number of the members and the names of the leaders and the founder president. After a comparative study maded, we stated a 50% spreading in the archdeaconries – with two exceptionsknown in 1900.This proportion reached the 93% until the 1928. We have also found that in both inventories appeared different data of formation. Perhaps this is because the Dominican Order haven’t recognized the legitimacy of companies before they received the privilege in 1877 from Pope Pius IX (who ordered the rosary type companies under legislation, organization, leadership of Dominican order). So in the jubilee book, made by them have that date of formation when company leaders received legal nominations from the Dominicans. Finally we draw attention to the fact that inventories studied have some shortcomings, inaccuracies. So in the future we need to collect as much accurate data from existing records for a clear vision form the occurrence of rosary communities spreading from the Szeklerland.
More...