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The paper analyzes and compares four theoretical approaches to the notion of nationalism as well as the following cognate notions embraced under its umbrella: nation, ethnic, religion. These approaches differ mainly regarding their axiological foundations, regarding the values accepted as socially significant. The typology applied to the research methods of identity studies is used here as epistemological optics of the analysis: 1) the essentialist approach, relating it to the ontological substratum, and 2) the anthropological approach, understanding it as a psychological construct. The importance of the analysis for the methodological foundation and self-reflection of the concrete ethnologic studies is emphasized.
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The article dedicated to the earliest film shows in Sofia studies the information on them in the periodicals as an evidence for the life in the capital city in the end of the 19th century. It reveals the richness of information on the style of living of the inhabitants of the capital of that time, on their customs and relations, on the level of their culture, the architecture of the city, its established traditions, even on the refinements of some crafts.
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The text discusses the nature and functions, the aesthetic and ethical vision of the comedy and its postmodern transformations; the social messages of the Bulgarian comedy film and the phenomenon of the movie script based on literary work. The article problematizes the relations between the commercial cinema product of high quality and the aesthetic value of the contemporary literary work which has turned into classic. The film of Dimitar Mitovski turned out to be a real competitor of the brilliant parody novel of Alek Popov. And the plot of „Mission London“ became a byword for the initially wrong model of the „Bulgarian transition period“. The ever¬lasting theme of We and the Others which has become a mental stereotype of every peripheral culture is presented in the spirit of our native traditions but also in an odd way, grotesquely realistically, sadly funny, put CKS OF A MOVIE.The text discusses the nature and functions, the aesthetic and ethical vision of the comedy and its postmodern transformations; the social messages of the Bulgarian comedy film and the phenomenon of the movie script based on literary work. The article problematizes the relations between the commercial cinema product of high quality and the aesthetic value of the contemporary literary work which has turned into classic. The film of Dimitar Mitovski turned out to be a real competitor of the brilliant parody novel of Alek Popov. And the plot of „Mission London“ became a byword for the initially wrong model of the „Bulgarian transition period“. The everlasting theme of We and the Others which has become a mental stereotype of every peripheral culture is presented in the spirit of our native traditions but also in an odd way, grotesquely realistically, sadly funny, publicistically carnival. The reader of the novel and the spectator of the movie ejaculate with one voice: this is impossible because it is...true! From Aleko (Konstantinov) to Alek (Popov) – it‘s all true...
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The antimonopoly protests in 2013 were the most popular in the last 16 years; at their height, between 100 000 and 150 000 people crowded the streets of over 35 cities. Although in only two weeks the government was overthrown as a result of these events and a few days later four new parties emerged from the streets, from the very beginning until today the revolts are being described rather as a spontaneous and non-organized moral and economic indignation. The present article questions this viewpoint by applying a deep analysis of the genesis and the development of the structures within the movement, particularly in Sofia, of the struggle for legitimacy of various groups, networks and leaders. By means of participant observation and in-depth interviews with central figures and protestants the text searches the answers to the questions who and how creates the events, the choreography, the route and the claims. The basic tool of the study is a series of „ideal types“ of the protest among which a negative and a positive type.
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This article discusses the new perspectives of warfare in the context of automatic weapons. Gaining distance from hostilities decreases the significance of the human body and increases the mathematical and technical approach to the other’s death. The enemy becomes a vague point in the visualization, which could be dealt with through algorithms and representations. The paper touches upon some questions concerning the future uses of drones.
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The concept of "meaning" is extremely important in the philosophy of language in the 20th and 21st centuries. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical basis and the uses of this concept in the post-analitic tradition and more specifically in the texts of Donald Davidson and Richard Rorty. Selected works of both philosophers and several short articles on the issue are analyzed in the process. Davidson's attitude towards the role of "meaning" has gone through some metamorphosis over the years, so I opt to present the theoretical framework of tjis earlier stage, which is closely linked to ideas of Tarski and Quine, and his relatively late stage where the idea of triangulation arises. At the end of the article, I describe Rorty's attitude towards the problem of the terms "meaning" and "truth". The inclusion of Rorty permits us to highlight the position of Davidson on the topic and clearly showes the problems of theoretical thinking in the field of philosophy of language.
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This article discusses a few aspects of the conception of one image found in the Lithuanian folklore and religious sculpture of the turn of 19th and 20th century. The author points out possible influences of the official Catholic Church liturgy, teaching, official religious art, devotional literature, sermons, chants on folklore and folk religious art. This article explores direct influences and the syncretism of these ideas in the peasant culture.
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This article attempts to present the significance of entrepreneurship in the professional life of actors. The results of a pilot research have been presented in the context of relationships between the arts and business. As described by the respondents entrepreneurship can be regarded as a a particular personality trait or a set of skills, or finally a certain attitude towards their personal and professional life. It has been linked to responsibility for one’s professional activities and to value creation, not only in the economic dimension. The article concludes with general remarks on some factors contributing to possible misunderstandings of the concept of entrepreneurship in the artistis professions.
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Hip hop, both in Poland and in the U.S.A., has broken with the image of an artist guided by the principle of ‘art for art’s sake’, which was very popular in the 20th century. For rappers, the commercial success is one of the proofs of their artistic success. Such a statement contradicts the value system of artists involved in the so called „high art”. In this article we reconstruct the worldview of American and Polish rappers, we describe how it was formed in the historical process and explain its relationship with the practices of rap music production. We also interpret the positive attitude towards money within the wider context of the development of creative industries. We illustrate our theoretical arguments with several empirical examples from Poland and the U.S.A. The article provides a detailed description of the process of the production and distribution of rap music which is based on the professional experience of one of the authors.
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The article starts from the contemporary political situation in Britain and the resistance to acceptance of immigrants from the former "East-European" countries. The situation looks strangely familiar; it turns out that the failure to accept the "other" has its precedent in one of the earliest travelogues about Bulgaria written by English travelers. The travelogue is presented in details: Residence in Bulgaria; or Notes on the resources and administration of Turkey: The Condition and character, manners, custom, and language of the Christian and Mussulman populations, with reference to the Eastern Question. Its authors are Stanislas St. Clair and Charles A. Brophy. The second part of the article makes typological comparison of the cultural situation of a phenomenon since the beginning of the XXI century: novels on the communist past of Bulgaria, created and published first abroad by Bulgarian immigrant writers. In this article is applied the methodology of contemporary postcolonial studies.
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The coexistence of people and societies marked by ethnic, social, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity is a subject that still generates controversies in contemporary societies. The “Ciganos’ situation” is an unavoidable issue that crosses the boundaries of different European countries, which leads to controversy and ambivalence in the so-called multicultural and/or intercultural societies characterised by the principle of universalism. In Portugal, despite the social and economic transformations that have occurred, the problems of exclusion and poverty among Ciganos persist. They are still considered the poorest ethnic group, with the worst housing conditions, lest schooling and the main target of racism and discrimination. The Portuguese Ciganos are not a homogeneous community. The diversity and plurality are not always easy to grasp by the glare generated by the adoption of interpretive perspectives that are reductively linear and deterministic of the Portuguese Ciganos. For the purpose of outlining a national picture of Portuguese Ciganos, a national study was developed that combines both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches. The central goal of this article is to present the main results obtained through a questionnaire survey carried out to Ciganos persons and to discuss the social and spatial continuities and differentiations among Ciganos in Portugal.
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Recent demographic changes such as ageing, low-fertility, and large out-migration from Eastern European countries, brought into discussion the vivid question of the future of intergenerational solidarity within families. In the context of increasing geographical mobility of young people in search for better paid jobs, the unmet need for personal assistance among the elderly, the underdeveloped system of care services, Romania knows new dynamics of intergenerational support. Contrary to perspectives that consider spatial proximity between adult children and their elder parents the indisputable enabling factor for intergenerational support transfers (Rossi and Rossi, 1990), emerging literature on transnational families highlights that such tight kinship relations continue to exist even across borders (Baldassar et al., 2007). Using recent data from the nationwide survey “The Impact of Migration on Older Parents Left Behind in Romania” (2011), this paper examines the complex dynamics of intergenerational solidarity involving adult children as transnational migrants and their elder parents who remain at home. The statistical models used indicate the migrants’ role as providers of remittances, but also the ways in which other forms of support are distributed among the dyads. Despite a possible presupposition that parents who were left at home might only be beneficiaries of support, the data show the opposite: elderly persons, depending on their age, were active providers of help as well.
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