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The archaeological studies of the frontier zones of the Roman Empire are of particular importance due to the abundant excavated data that can be directly linked to historical sources and epigraphic evidence known for centuries.In the Lower Danube region of the Roman Limes, an area that has not been as extensively explored as the areas in Central and Western Europe, there are now a lot of new rescue and regular excavations. The new field data, which were obtained from details unearthed near the village of Sinagovtsi, Vidin region, only 15 km away from the ancient centre of Ratiaria, are important as they might help clarify the way of life in Antiquity if linked to and interpreted together with the already known epigraphic, historical and numismatic data.
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This book explores ageing in the Soviet Union from different perspectives: in the context of scientific, educational, and media discourses, in terms of social care and urbanism, and from gender and generational standpoints. In addition, Soviet ageing is in-novatively placed in a broader context. The volume is the result of a collaborative and interdisciplinary effort of researchers with deep and long-standing interest in Soviet history, as well as researchers who reside in the countries of the former Soviet Union.
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The text presents information about the Bulgarian emigration to Morocco and the founded Bulgarian school there. The research shows the authors’ findings considering the differentiation of mechanisms through which school lessons, outclass activities and informal communication ensure the maintеnance and transfer of Bulgarian language to the next generations, born or living in the host society. Language is considered as an active element of the Bulgarian cultural heritage in foreign ethnic milieu.
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The article aims to present an outline and analysis of the topics presented in the July and August 1939 issue of “Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” (“Polish Newspaper in Brazil”). These concerned informing the Brazilian Polish community about matters and interests crucial to the Polish state’s security.The article analyses all the issues of “Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” of July and August 1939, the available scientific literature, and other printed sources.It has been shown that “Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” was the leading periodical informing the Brazilian Polonia about matters important to the Polish state’s interests and security. On the eve of the outbreak of World War II, the dominant issues of interest to the Polish community in Brazil included the evaluation of the Brazilian government, Hitler and the Third Reich, and German actions towards the local population in the areas taken over by the German state in 1938 and 1939. The issue of the Free City of Danzig and German militarism in the region, which threatened the interests of the Second Republic and Polish citizens’ position, was also significant.
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From the historical perspective, Polish migration to Armenia intensified in the 19th century, when men were forcibly conscripted into the Tsar’s Army in the territory of the Russian partition. Since then, the dynamics of Polish mobility and its motivations have changed many times. As for the direction of the Caucasus, since the 1990s it has been closely associated with the population movement in the opposite direction, i.e., with the Armenian migration to Poland. However, we know relatively little on this subject, as most contemporary studies focus mainly on the analysis of historical processes, and the current migration movements are commonly referred to as “labor migration”. The following article is based on field research conducted by the author in 2015–2022. Their main axis was to learn about the ways of self-organization and functioning of the contemporary Polish community living in the Republic of Armenia. The article focuses on the description of individual phases of the annual rituals with which representatives of the Polish minority identify and the influence of Polish organizations on their celebration. The article covers both states, secular, and religious holidays. They create an interesting mosaic consisting of cultural and national identity, promotional and popularization elements, as well as the need for entertainment and social life in a local environment.
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10.19195/0867-7441.29.18The study presents Juraj Jánošík, a folk national hero and iconic folklore figure in the widest possible pop culture context as practically the only original Slovak pop culture phenomenon. It offers a historicizing cross-section of the diverse representations of Jánošík within the traditional artistic modes that canonize Jánošík, but predominantly focuses on treatments that shift and reinterpret the Jánošík myth almost to the point of complete emptiness, in the sense that Jánošík no longer functions as a semantically polyfunctional symbol within their framework. In chronological order, the study offers an overview of high and profane literary works dedicated to Jánošík, devotes a substantial part to Jánošík as a defi ning element of Slovak cinema, but also presents other models of adaptations in which Jánošík appears as a character in television shows, a musical hero, or a functional comic (super) hero.
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Vodnjan is a city on the Istrian peninsula. According to the 2021 census, it has 5,838 inhabitants, of which 59.7% are Croats, 15% Italians, 5.5% Bosniaks, and Albanians, Montenegrins, Roma, Serbs and other of the twenty two recognized national minorities in Croatia. The community of Italians in the town of Vodnjan (Comunità degli Italiani di Dignano) pays great attention to the cultivation of customs, historical heritage and cultural heritage, the love it has for traditional national costumes, music and songs, and also cultivates the coexistence, that is, the culture and traditions of all the ethnic groups that live in the town and in surroundings. The twenty first International Folklore Festival "Leron" took place from August 24 to 26, 2023. Through it, the City of Vodnjan and the Italian Community of Vodnjan promote multiculturalism, "the message of peace, friendship and brotherhood". The festival lasts from two to three days in August. It takes place in the Vodnjan square, where the folklore customs of various peoples are interwoven. On the streets of Vodnjan, a parade of colourful costumes, sounds of instruments, songs and dances takes place. The festival gathers folklore groups from various countries that present their folk dances and costumes. Thus, in addition to the Croatians, folklore groups from eighteen countries performed. For a few days, Vodnjan becomes a centre of multiculturalism where national diversity is presented and its own culture and traditions are nurtured. Within the framework of the festival, round tables are organized in which ethnological and ethnomusicological experts are involved. The end of the event itself is marked by the awarding of prizes. The organizers of the festival are the Italian Community of Vodnjan and the Italian Union in cooperation with the National University of Trieste, and the festival itself got its name from the traditional Vodnjan musical instrument leron, a stringed instrument similar to a cello with two strings. The archive of the Italian Community in Vodnjan was used to write this article. Folkloric groups are presented by country with the indicated year of performance. As a case study, the repertoire of Istrian folklore groups (sung, played or danced performances) performed in 2023 is analyzed in more detail. The aim of this work is to list the folklore groups that performed at "Leron" during the twenty one years of the festival's existence in order to preserve the archive of folklore heritage in the Istrian area. When people write about folk music in Istria, the Croatian tradition is mostly described. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the folklore tradition of Italians and Montenegrins in Istria to confirm the multiculturalism hypothesis at the Vodnjan folklore festival.
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W eseju podjęte zostało zagadnienie zmiany kulturowej zachodzącej w rezultacie coraz silniejszej obecności sztucznej inteligencji w świecie wartości ludzkich. W analizie odniesiono się do problemów, na które wskazują filozof nauki i matematyk John C. Lennox oraz inicjator badań nad sztuczną inteligencją Elon Musk. W szczególności podjęto zagadnienia zmiany statusu humanistyki w kulturze oraz formalizacji aktywności kulturowej i powszechnie przyjmowanego w związku z nią prymatu rozwiązań algorytmicznych nad doświadczeniem jednostkowym. W tym kontekście przedstawiono zagadnienie świadomości w odniesieniu do sztucznej inteligencji i „myślących” maszyn, a także wskazano, że praca tych maszyn jest zasadniczo różna od pracy umysłu ludzkiego, który nie podlega algorytmizacji i skutecznie funkcjonuje, dysponując nawet niewielką liczbą danych. Przywołano tezę Lennoxa o tendencji do stosowania w dyskursie na temat sztucznej inteligencji języka antropomorfizującego, który sprawia, że zatracamy pojęciowy dystans między rozumieniem umysłu a rozumieniem matematycznego konstruktu, którym są „myślące” maszyny. Wskazano również na – podkreślane przez Noama Chomsky’ego – różnice między nabywaniem języka przez człowieka, a uczeniem się go przez ChatGPT i zarysowano kulturowe oraz społeczne zagrożenia związane z zastosowaniem sztucznej inteligencji w celu prowadzenia inżynierii społecznej.
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