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VYBRANÉ GEOGRAFICKÉ ASPEKTY DRUHÉHO BÝVANIA NA SLOVENSKU

Author(s): Tomáš Pšenka,Eva Džupinová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Cieľom nášho príspevku je predstaviť potenciál územia Slovenska pre jeden z tradičných spôsobov trávenia voľného času na území bývalého Československa a významnú súčasť domáceho cestovného ruchu, ktorou je druhé bývanie. Príspevok sa venuje priestorovému rozmiestneniu objektov druhého bývania a vyčleneniu potenciálne vhodných oblastí pre druhé bývanie, s dôrazom na chalupárenie. Hoci si uvedomujeme zložitosť problematiky a nedokonalosť použitej metódy vyčlenenia tohto typu objektov individuálnej rekreácie, pri analýze vychádzame z údajov o domovom fonde, získaných zo Sčítania obyvateľov, domov a bytov v roku 2001, pričom pracujeme predovšetkým s kategóriou neobývané domy v jednotlivých obciach Slovenska. Okrem existencie samotných objektov do skúmanej problematiky vstupuje aj ďalší dôležitý aspekt druhého bývania, a tým je dostupnosť potenciálnych cieľových oblastí zo zdrojových oblastí rekreantov, ktorými sú predovšetkým obyvatelia väčších mestských sídiel. V neposlednom rade nemožno opomenúť aj ďalšie faktory rozvoja druhého bývania v ťažiskových oblastiach, ktorými sú najmä prírodné predpoklady, ale tiež možnosti rekreačných aktivít v oblastiach s koncentráciou objektov druhého bývania.

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PROBLÉMY VENKOVSKÝCH OBLASTÍ A PŘÍSTUPY K JEJICH ŘEŠENÍ S DŮRAZEM NA CESTOVNÍ RUCHU

Author(s): Ondřej Petr / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

In introduction the approaches to defining rural space are briefly presented and some rural characteristics pointed out. This entry is followed by list of most serious problems of rural areas, especially peripheries. Article offers review of chosen approaches to rural development and diversification of agriculture. It mentions the significance of municipal authority and communal policy quality, the importance of ICT development and especially the role of rural tourism and it specific forms. Production regionalisation – creating network of local producers and promoting locally specific products can be a suitable way in todays world of globalisation, unification and anonymity of production. Environmental function of rural economy and taking care of lanscape is important as well. The article tries to find an answer on question, which steps is needed to do to make rural areas more attractive for inhabitants, young people, entrepreneurs or tourits and to stabilize rural economy and settlements. It is obvious, that rural development has many dimensions – economic, geographic, demographic, environmental, social, cultural, urbanistic, architectonic, but psychological as well.

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Vegetace a flóra na některých jihomoravských šibenicích

Author(s): Jan Lacina,Petr Halas / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

We tried to create an idea of landscape formation in the vicinity of gallows in Čejkovice, Ivančice, Tišnov and Lomnice at the time of their use with the help of the maps of Imperial Obligatory Imprints of a Stable Cadastre, local names, floristic data in old literature and above all our own field survey. Although the sites of the investigated gallows are located in different landscapes - from the Pannonian region to the eastern edge of the Hercynian region - all had previously supported a number of remarkable, endangered or extinct species of vascular plants. The common feature was the occurrence of steppe species spreading from the south, mainly due to agriculture and into the foothills of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. The current species diversity in the vicinity of the previously gloomy places is not so great, however, some memorable vegetation types and valuable species that are worth notice have been preserved.

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Landscape Fragmentation Around Us – Integrating the Issue into Educational Processes at Primary and Secondary Schools

Author(s): Ivo Dostál,Petr Anděl,Marek Havlíček,František Petrovič / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The steadily increasing landscape fragmentation and the reduction of permeability for wildlife are among the most negative impacts of human activity on the environment. In terms of education, these problems appear to be rather demanding, with the difficulty corresponding to secondary school standards. Considering the multiple interdisciplinary connections, the entire process cannot be sufficiently understood without a relevant amount of preliminary knowledge. Such a corpus of information is acquired especially through biology/ecology, geography and history classes, but links to other subjects can be found too.

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Mapping of urban geoheritage in city of Liberec using participatory research

Author(s): Emil Drápela / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

2019, in order to create an urban geoheritage trail in Liberec, it was mapped in the wider city centre. Considering the vastness of the area, mapping was carried out by volunteers who were interested in topic of popularization of geology but did not have the expertise of geological knowledge. This lack of expertise may seem to be a significant limiting factor, but in fact, it is a positive thing, as the knowledge of the mapping volunteer is at a similar (low) level to the future user of the educational trail. Thus, in the evaluation of geosites, the expert-layman barrier is eliminated and the benefit is the feedback of the future user. However, participatory research has its own specifics, which must be adapted to the methodology used. First, it is to ensure the homogeneity of the data that is collected by a large number of volunteers and which can be influenced by subjective influences. Furthermore, it is their professional value and practical application. Finally, yet importantly, the technical parameters of data that will be further processed in GIS. This paper describes the research methodology used and summarizes the experience with the use of participatory research for the purpose of mapping urban geoheritage in Liberec.

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Anthropogenic relief transformations – their knowledge and evaluation with regard to the uniqueness and cultural identity of regions

Author(s): Karel Kirchner,Lucie Kubalíková,František Kuda,Marek Havliček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within the development of new regional geography, the role of human geographic research in the study of regions is emphasized. Regional uniqueness, a consciousness of belonging to a particular region and regional identity also play an important role in the definition of regions. However, physical geography disciplines, e.g. geomorphology, can also contribute to the knowledge of these aspects with regard to the definition of regions. Currently, within the framework of geomorphology, attention is paid to the diversity of anthropogenic landforms. The knowledge and evaluation of these anthropogenic landforms, which are an important part of the historical elements of the landscape and are also referred to as cultural artefacts of the landscape, enables to supplement the cultural-historical values of the region and to specify the cultural identity of the region. On the example of sites – Staré Hradisko and Hostýn – we will present the specifics of secondary geodiversity with respect to the cultural identity of the sites.

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Geological paths – their use for the regional geography teaching

Author(s): Lucie Kubalíková,Emil Drápela,Aleš Bajer,Dana Zapletalová,Marie Balkova,Kamil Zágoršek,Karel Kirchner,František Kuda,Pavel Roštinsky / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Geological paths (geopaths, geotrails) represent a type of educational paths that connect sites which are interesting from the Earth-sciences point of view. These sites (e.g. outcrops, old quarries, historical buildings built of local stone or viewpoints) often represent the links between geodiversity and other phenomena within a region (which is in accordance with a holistic approach to geotourism). Thus, they can give complex information not only about the abiotic nature but also about biodiversity, history or culture of the region, usually through narrative. Suitable interpretation of geodiversity and its relationships to the biodiversity and cultural heritage allows to identify regional specifics, it helps to find the mutual connections between particular phenomena within the region and it supports the holistic perception of a given region. The contribution presents an example from the Brno city where the urban geopath can be used for teaching regional geography of Brno and its surroundings.

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Monuments of cultural heritage from the perspective residents – a case study of Mikulčice (Czechia) and Vlkolínec (Slovakia)

Author(s): Libor Lněnička,Lenka Dvořáková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Considering and deciding of future same territory is a complicated task requiring the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders and institutions. When it comes to deciding in the areas or sites under UNESCO patronage, it is a process sensitive to other inputs, comments, evaluations and attention from all sides. The following paper provides a description of the main results of questionnaire survey aimed at obtaining data on traditional natural and cultural values in carrying out the protection and care of UNESCO monuments. The model territory were on the Slovak side of Vlkolínec (for 25 years on the list of UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage) and on the Czech side of the Slavonic fortified settlement in Mikulčice, which is a potential candidate for registration on the UNESCO list.

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Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)

Author(s): Ivo Machar,Marián Halás / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.

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Didactic Aspect of Teaching Environmental Geography (The Draft of Environmental Geography Textbook for Primary Schools)

Author(s): Michaela Strišková,Daša Oremusová,Magdaléna Nemčíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, we can observe that there is still not sufficient amount of textbooks in various areas of Education. One of these areas is also Environmental geography which is an important part of geography lessons at primary school. Therefore, our main intention in this contribution is to introduce design of the textbook for Environmental geography. Textbook that we have created introduces and solves environmental problems on global, regional and local level in a very detailed way. The aim of the textbook is to applicate all of the dimensions of environmental geography into each class at the second grade of primary schools in Slovakia. We have created didactic material which helps teachers during their teaching, as well as material interesting and engaging for students. The proposed textbook could be motivating because of many additional illustrations, various games and tasks using not only classical, but also modern didactic methods.

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Environmental visualization of selected Czech regions: analysis of geography textbooks

Author(s): Petr Trahorsch,Roman Kroufek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the quality of environmental visualization of selected regions in Czech geography textbooks for primary and lower secondary schools. The method of quantitative content analysis of visuals was used. The categories of quantitative analysis were defined based on the content of the environmental and geographical curriculum, for example landscape type, emotional charge etc. The results show a relatively similar structure of environmental visualization between textbooks: emotionally positive visuals showing the protection of cultural-historical heritage and protection of nature dominate. The exception is the Moravskoslezský kraj, which is visually presented in a negative way compared to other regions. In textbooks there are a minimum of abstract visuals or visuals showing the tendencies of environmental components.

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PEOPLE, PLACE, AND THE PROGRAM: EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Author(s): Jan Činčera,Petra Šimonová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Drawing on the existing scholarship and the authors’ professional experience, this chapter discusses the external factors that influence outdoor environmental education programs: students, teachers and leaders, and nature. It examines some of the issues that have emerged in our research, such as the unpreparedness of student groups to learn in outdoor settings, the market-based framing of the relationship between schools and outdoor centers, and the ambiguous effects of pushing students beyond their comfort zones in the outdoors. The chapter concludes by highlighting some of the key decisions related to program design, namely the program’s length and the program’s linking with school curricula.

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FRAMING OUTDOOR EXPERIENCES IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Author(s): Jan Činčera,Miloslav Kolenaty,Roman Kroufek,Bruce Johnson / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

How our outdoor experiences affect us depends on the meaning we derive from them. This meaning may be influenced externally by the frames created by program designers or leaders. In this chapter, we look at the design of outdoor environmental education programs from the perspective of framing theory. Accordingly, we analyze the ways in which program designers and leaders work with surface and deep frames, and how they use these frames to communicate the main messages of their programs. Based on our analyses, frames are considered important by program leaders. However, the application of frames in the practice of outdoor environmental education raises specific issues. This chapter briefly presents some of these issues and discusses their implications.

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EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS: A SOURCE OF LEARNING AND CONFUSION

Author(s): Jan Činčera,Roman Kroufek,Bruce Johnson / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter focuses on program leaders’ personal theories of experiential learning. While the program leaders in our study all agree that outdoor environmental education programs should be experiential, the individual leaders’ personal theories of what and how students should learn by experience vary considerably. In this chapter, we identify three distinctive types of leaders’ personal theories and show that each type provides different answers for program design and implementation. We also analyze these personal theories’ weak points, their deviations from research-supported educational theories, and their other inconsistencies. Finally, we discuss the potential relationships between program leaders’ personal theories and the other crucial decisions regarding program design that were covered in the previous chapters.

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Taktické mapování bariér

Author(s): Tomáš Krejčík,Jakub Trojan,Robert Osman,Eva Nováková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The seventh chapter focuses on an illustrative demonstration of the application of tactical urbanism and tactical mapping on the example of the city of Brno. Here we used six related tactics. First, in cooperation with the Advisory Board for a Barrier-Free Brno, we identify the types of spaces of priority interest. Then (also in cooperation with the Brno City Advisory Board for Accessibility) we prioritize places and institutions that are key for people with disability. In the third tactic, we identify the spatial concentrations of these priority places (in order to identify priority areas). We then identify barriers in the prioritized areas through field research and categorize these into several classes. We then subject each barrier to an assessment of how challenging it is to remove — either in terms of the nature of the barrier or through the lens of ownership/management of the barrier. In the final sixth tactic, we design comprehensive barrier-free routes connecting priority institutions and focusing on removing precisely those barriers that would provide the greatest “benefit” (i.e., most help to make the route more accessible) in the spirit of tactical urbanism. The design of the tactical mapping process is not one-size-fits-all and openly deals with dead ends. For example, it has been shown that it is not necessary to use sophisticated instruments to successfully describe the nature of barriers (but a common smart phone will suffice) or that barriers cannot be narrowed down to point objects, but we must also work with linear barriers (such as missing guide lines, warning strips, etc.). It is also important to have a broader interdisciplinary team involved in tactical mapping — in addition to social geographers and cartographers, this includes barrier specialists (so that barriers in space can be clearly identified) and public administration representatives who are in charge of accessibility. However, it should be taken into account that this is an illustrative example working in a specific city.

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Brněnský archiv příkladů dobré praxe: proč ne Metodika?

Author(s): Robert Osman,Pavel Doboš,Daniel Kaplan,Ondřej Šerý,Stanislav Škop,Simona Surmařová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This chapter presents Examples of good practice for the creation of accessible urban space, which have been practiced by multiple actors in Brno city under specific circumstances and which can serve as inspiration and motivation for other municipalities in their barrier-free policies and practice. While being the source for inspiration can be their principal goal, another goal is to archive the good practice. The authors start the chapter defining themselves against methods guidelines for barrier-free space; methods are introduced as a certain conceptual tool for strict, systematic and universal creation of barrier-free/accessible space, which can be too binding and less open to eventual changes. On the other hand, Examples of good practice represent a different approach, open to eventual developments, unexpected phenomena and trying to inspire for creation of accessible space everywhere and every time, in pragmatic, unprecedented and diverse ways. As has been indicated above, Methods guides for barrier-free space can be bound by three universalities, which usually prevent experimenting and creativity. Examples of good practice aim to inspire and incent creativity, and thus represent a universal “will” to be creative, unhinged and active.

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EXPERIENCE-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING OF THE LOCAL LANDSCAPE

Author(s): Ivana Tomčíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of teaching at Slovak schools is to develop the knowledge, skills and competencies of pupils useful not only in school but also in everyday life. The teacher´s are challenged in how they disclose the content of the curriculum to pupils so that they are offered the opportunity to be active participants in the teaching process. One of the possibilities of such learning is experience-based learning. The experience arises in the active solving of real or model tasks. In geography, the local landscape offers space for the development of imagination, which the teacher can foster in the teaching process of personal experiences and pupils' experiences. A deeper knowledge of the geography of the local landscape is thus not only an objective but also a means of geographic education. Specific geographic phenomena and their relationships in the local country serve as a model for understanding the generally applicable contexts and regularities. They enable pupils to better understand and consistently acquire the natural environment, as well as the peculiarities and relationships between humans and the country. The aim of this paper is to describe the purpose and methods of experiencebased learning, to give thoughts on how to implement it in the teaching process methods and supporting active pupil learning. The learner's own active approach to learning is based on activities they perform, either through direct observation of geographic walks or excursions in the local country, or mediated in the classroom by solving various problems and project tasks.

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THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE AS A CULTURAL HERITAGE: MALÁ HANÁ

Author(s): Jaromír Kolejka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The parts of the territory with a preserved secondary (economic) landscape structure, originated around the middle of the 19th century, may be considered as existing segments of the pre-industrial landscape. Such territory has retained a similar character of plot distribution and land use of that time. These segments have been pre-identified in the contemporary cultural landscape according to the recent colour orthophotomap. The existence of that cultural heritage has been confirmed or excluded by comparison with the maps of the 2nd military survey and indicating sketches of the cadastral survey from the 1st half of the 19th century. The records were systematically carried out according to the cadastral units of the so-called working regions of Moravia. The segments of the pre-industrial landscape identified in laboratory research then underwent a field research, followed by the determination of their properties and the assessment of the state and the threats.

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NEW APPROACHES TO STUDIES OF EXTINCT PONDS

Author(s): Aleš Létal,Renata Pavelková,Patrik Netopil,Marek Havliček,David Václav,Hana Skokanová,Jindřich Frajer,Bořivoj Šarapatka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article deals with applying modern methods and related methodical approaches to spatial data and information collection in the research of extinct ponds in selected catchment areas in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The paper demonstrates an application of modern methods in cabinet and field research using selected examples. The methodical approaches concern mostly the processes of vectorisation and processing of database verification from archive map sources, spatial modelling and applications of lidar data, modelling and applications of RPAS. The results help to complete the missing information within the complex study of landscape development with special respect to water management of the catchment in the past. The acquired facts are the valuable source of data used in studies focusing on the improvement of water management in the current troublesome times.

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HEALTH GEOGRAPHY – THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF ASTHMA DIAGNOSIS

Author(s): Dana Hübelová ,Alice Kozumplíková,Jarmila Überhuberová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Non-communicable diseases are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The aim of the paper is to present the development of patients with asthma diagnosis and mortality on diseases of the respiratory system in relation to the emissions of major pollutants in 2006–2015 and the air pollution load expressed in five-year averages between 2011 and 2015. Model regions represent deliberately selected regions of the Czech Republic. The growth of the number of dispensarized patients with asthma diagnosis is reported by the whole Czech Republic and selected regions in the period 2006–2015. The highest share of growth by age groups has populations aged 20+. The number of patients with asthma diagnosis (per 100,000 inhabitants) significantly exceeds the Czech Republic in the Moravian-Silesian Region, while the low number of these patients is in the South Bohemian Region. These trends also correspond to the emission and values of the main air pollutants transferred to the burden of the territory, despite the improvement in their status compared to 2006 and 2015.

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