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Wpływ kopalni węgla brunatnego Bełchatów na zagospodarowanie przestrzenne gmin Rząśnia i Szczerców w ocenie mieszkańców

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 138/2014

The aim of this article is to describe the influence of the Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine on the spatial planning in the communes of Rząśnia and Szczerców in the inhabitants’ opinion. In the paper the author presented the main changes, that, according to the residents, occurred in the land use planning in the communes of Rząśnia and Szczerców from the outset of mining activity in their area. The author also indicated changes that are negatively perceived by local communities and inhabitants’ expectations regarding future changes in the spatial development of their communes. During the study the area of impact of the Szczerców pit was also determined. Analysis of the questionnaires showed, that, in the opinion of the inhabitants, the impact of the lignite mine on spatial planning significantly decreases with distance until it completely disappears. The most significant changes are visible only in those parts of the communes, which are in a direct contact with lignite mining area and are related with the operation of the mine. They include proximity to the excavation area, building of industrial facilities or construction of roads leading to the objects belonging to the mine.

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Zachmurzenie i burze w aspekcie ekstremalnych zdarzeń atmosferycznych

Author(s): Dorota Matuszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 139/2014

The paper discusses cloudiness in the context of the occurrence of extreme events using records from Krakow ( 1951–2012 ). The variables analysed included the maximum cloud cover, the number of cloudy and overcast days, and the structure of cloud cover. The study also analysed the numbers of days with the Cumulonimbus cloud and a thunderstorm in Krakow and its environs using data from the stations at Gaik-Brzezowa and Łazy ( 1991–2012 ). The number was found to have increased, especially in the cool half of the year, which may be related to the current climatic warming. However, the increase in the number of days with a thunderstorm was greater than in that with the Cumulonimbus cloud.

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Właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne i jakość wód podziemnych w rejonie Skawiny

Author(s): Marek Górnik,Anna Szczerbińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 140/2015

The paper presents the results of analyses of physicochemical properties of groundwater in the Skawina area. The concentration of ions was estimated by ion chromatography and the quality analysis conducted in accordance with appropriate law regulations. Water samples were collected in September 2011. Physicochemical properties were investigated in 21 wells and 9 springs. It was found out that these waters belong mainly to the four-and three-ion waters. The samples were characterized by a relatively high mineralization in most cases exceeding 500 mg·dm–3. In four water samples mineralization amounted to more than 1000 mg·dm–3. In addition, groundwater exhibited a relatively large variation in terms of physicochemical characteristics and, in most cases, a good quality.

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Synoptic case study of cyclone Yvette - May 2014

Author(s): Jan Degirmendžić / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2016

This paper analyzes the trajectory of the Mediterranean cyclone Yvette, pressure changes in its center and the evolution of selected meteorological fields during the life cycle of the cyclone. Geopotential, wind and divergence fields in the upper troposphere, vertical velocity, relative vorticity and wind fields in the middle troposphere as well as sea level pressure fields were analyzed. The cyclone lasted 6 days. The central pressure dropped to a minimum of 996 hPa. The biggest deepening rate reached ‒7hPa/12h. The impact of upper and mid-tropospheric circulation on the cyclone activity could be observed especially during cyclogenesis and maximum deepening stage.

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Znaczenie zimnych okresów późnego vistulianu w rozwoju rzeźby regionu łódzkiego

Author(s): Danuta Dzieduszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

The aim of the article is to show the significance of the morphogenetic processes which took place during the reactivation of cold stages during the Late Vistulian in the Łódź Region, in the light of the latest stratigraphical and paleaoenvironmental approach. The processes were activated in slope, fluvial and aeolian environments and operated under conditions of climatic unstability. The transitional nature of this period caused that processes characteristic of the periglacial environment, with the permafrost presence, overlapped with the moderate conditions. The cold periods were potentially favorable for morphogenetic activity, although their records are in the Łódź Region not as common as the effects of the processes that took place during earlier periods of the Vistulian.

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Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze Łodzi

Author(s): Adam Bartnik,Mateusz Marcinkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

This study is an attempt to determine the spatial variability of precipitation in the city of Lodz, within its administrative boundaries, and it’s a part of the larger project, which aims to develop an integrated river outflow model under a strong anthropopressure. Therefore, the hydrologic year was taken (from November 1 to October 31). To accomplish this task, the data recorded in 2010–2012 by various institutions operating within the agglomeration were used (fig. 1). Data strings from 24 rain gauges were used. However, the obtained sequences were characterized by discontinuity and the existence of various origin errors and different character. Therefore, the first task was to detect and fill the measurement gaps or to correct them. The ultimate aim of the present study was to obtain a cartographic representation of the spatial variability of precipitation in each year of the period 2010–2012 (fig. 3) and their average annual throughout this period (fig. 4), which made it possible to determine the spatial variability of water flow to the surface. Figs. 5 and 6 represent respectively the maximum daily rainfall and maximum hourly rainfall recorded in the investigated three-year period. Fig. 7 shows the average annual number of days with precipitation in the city area. Despite the very dense measurement network (which continues to be expanded) and a very high resolution of data, it was a difficult task, which required multi-step preparation and verification procedures. Data strings were incomplete or affected by errors of various kinds. One must therefore be aware of the imperfections of data collected automatically. Studies on spatial distribution of precipitation, their duration and intensity can be used to understand the causes and learn the scope of urban flooding. Creation of storm sewers control system which reacts in real-time to readings of automatic stations will avoid future losses related to sudden urban floods.

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Rekonstrukcja historycznej rzeźby za pomocą DEM obszarów przed przekształceniami antropogenicznymi – wybrane przykłady z Polski Środkowej

Author(s): Marcin Jaskulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The article is a presentation of the process leading to the creation of a terrain model of selected areas in Central Poland before anthropogenic transformations which took place half a century ago. The aim of this study was to reconstruction Digital Elevation Models (called DEM) of the area, which is not currently available for research using modern methods of gathering altitude information due to anthropogenic transformation. The work shows the exact criteria for the selection of source materials along with an indication of the frame of reference date of the map and contour line distance. The main part of the article presents two examples – the largest complex of open mining and energy sector in Europe – KWB Bełchatów and Sulejów Reservoir as a water reservoir for the biggest city of Central Poland – Łódź – a detailed description of the methodology for dealing with historical maps, and the course of work from the selection of appropriate maps, through their scanning, calibration and vectorization to the final result, which is to obtain a terrain model, treated as a historical one. This study highlights the advisability of such activities and the use of DEM models in practice and in the analysis of directions and scale of anthropogenic transformations of historic and contemporary relief.

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Atrakcyjność wizualna krajobrazu doliny Mrogi i jej sąsiedztwa w gminie Dmosin

Author(s): Natalia Mirowska,Stanisław Krysiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The main aim of this paper was an evaluation of the visual attractiveness of landscape of the Mroga valley and its surroundings in the administrative borders of the Dmosin commune. That evaluation was made by a photographic method of Cymerman and Hopfer (1988), modified by Hajnrych (2006). The method was based on an evaluation of 426 photographs taken at the 72 documentation sites located along the valley of Mroga river valley. On the basis of results of the assessment, it established five classes of visual attractiveness of the landscape were established, of which the largest share included areas of low and average visual attractiveness. Areas of high and very high visual attractiveness were few. A map of visual attractiveness of the landscape was made.

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OSVJETLJENJE TURISTIČKIH PEĆINA LED TEHNOLOGIJOM/RASVJETOM

Author(s): Edina Hasanspahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2016

This paper aims to present the situation in the caves of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the field of illumination. There are so many benefits of the LED technology but perhaps the most important is the one that brings huge savings which are going to be presented in the paper. The cave illuminating is one of the basic tenets of the speleotourism development, so the illumination with LED technology could significantly contribute to the speleotourism development. If we add the fact that more than a half of the Bosnia and Herzegovina area is covered with karst and a lot of caves, it would mean that there have to be much more projects of tourist caves arrangement in the future.The partner in this paper is German company “Cave Lighting CL GmbH & CO KG” (www.cavelighting.com), the company which conceded their data about solutions of LED lighting installation in the tourist caves.

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GRČKA ŽABA RANA GRAECA IZ PEĆINE UVIR

Author(s): Ersan Tiganj,Jasminko Mulaomerović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2016

Findings of the Greek frog are relatively rare in Bosnia and Herzegovina and every new complements areal of distribution. This short statement is about mentioned finding deep insidet he cave Uvir near Kladanj, about 650 meters from the entrance. The assumption is that the frog reached so deep into the cave after heavy rains in May and June 2015.

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PHYSA FONTINALIS (LINNAEUS, 1758) – NOVA VRSTA SLATKOVODNOG PUŽA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI (?)

Author(s): Jasminko Mulaomerović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2016

Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a freshwater snail whose presence in BiH were denied or confirmed by different authors. Findings from Guvnište spring, on the southern slopes of Bjelašnica, now certainly confirms his presence in our country.

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ANALIZA I PROCENA RIZIKA OD POPLAVA U PODRUCIJU ŽUPE (REČANE) OPŠTINA PRIZREN

Author(s): Zahir Arifović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 05/2015

The aim of this work is to protect the population, material and cultural heritage of the possible flood in area Zupa (Rečane) Municipality of Prizren. The author is in many aspects based on an analysis of the current situation and an assessment of the possible risks, which is described fully factual Condition terrain, hydrological and geographical position of territory, based on data collected on site and research.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Kyrgyzstan Mourns Victims of Landslide Tragedy

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 05/02/2017

Residents of village nearby heed warnings, escape second slide yesterday.

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Microscopic fungal assemblage colonizing deadwood in the Karkonosze and Tatra Mountains

Author(s): Wojciech Pusz,Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica,Katarzyna Patejuk,Cecylia Uklańska-Pusz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of microscopic fungi colonizing dead wood of birch, beech, sycamore maple and sorb (Karkonosze Mountains), and black alder, mountain pine, willow, Swiss pine, sorb, sycamore maple and birch in the Tatras. The mycological analysis was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in the foothills and in the lower and upper montane zones of the Karkonosze Mounts, Karkonosze National Park, and in 2016 in the Białka Valley and Chochołowska Valley in the Tatras, Tatra National Park. For both, Karkonosze Mounts and Tatras, the dominant microscopic fungi inhabiting dead wood belonged to the genus Trichoderma. The Mycobiota of dead wood in the lower classes of decomposition was characterized by a higher species biodiversity but the lower numbers of colonies isolated.

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Properties, application and degradation of plastics

Author(s): Agnieszka Szyszkowska,Dagmara Galas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the study was to present the role of polymeric materials in various industries. The article discusses the statistics related to the global production of plastics in the years 1950-2015. The paper presents the properties and application of polymer materials, and also made the characteristics of the processes of degradation of polymers, detailing the processes induced by chemical agents, physical and biological. Attention is paid to the characteristics of the biodegradation process. The work has also raised issues associated with the development of ever-larger amounts of polymer waste.

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Ekstremalne wartości wskaźników chwiejności atmosfery w Polsce i ich związek z mechanizmami ograniczającymi rozwój konwekcji

Author(s): Daniel Celiński-Mysław,Angelika Palarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The primary goal of the study was to examine the temporal and spatial variability of values of selected atmospheric instability indices over Poland for the period 2005–2014. The research involved six indices most frequently applied in convection forecasting – Convective Available Potential Energy, K-Index, Lifted Index, Severe Weather Threat Index, Showalter Index and Total Totals Index. The data from three Polish upper air sounding stations ( Łeba, Legionowo, Wrocław ), as well as SYNOP codes on present and past weather and reports on severe meteorological phenomena from the European Severe Weather Database were used in this study. It was found that extremely high values of the selected indices were characterised by strong temporal and spatial variability. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the days when no convective events were observed, despite extreme values of instability indices, demonstrated that the occurrence of isothermal or inversion layers were the most common mechanisms inhibiting the development of severe convective phenomena. Convection was also inhibited when the area was free from an influence of atmospheric fronts, convergence zones or low-pressure troughs.

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Miesięczne anomalie termiczne na Alasce (1951–2015)

Author(s): Agnieszka Sulikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The aim of this paper is to present both anomalously warm months ( AWM ) and anomalously cold months ( ACM ) in Alaska and to refine the linkage of Pacific Decadal Oscillation ( PDO ) with their occurrence. The study is based on mean monthly temperature data from 15 weather stations located in Alaska recorded during the period of 1951–2015. The anomalous months were defined as having an average temperature different from the long-term mean by at least 2 standard deviations. Temporal variability, spatial extent and temperature magnitude of AWM and ACM were characterized. In total ( considering all 15 stations ), there were 243 cases of AWM and 298 cases of ACM, which occurred during 100 and 123 months of the 65-year period respectively. AWM occurred most frequently in January and from June to August while ACM from February to April and in November and December. To some degree months with the biggest number of AWM were the same as months with the smallest number of ACM and vice versa. This indicates that during particular months synoptic and/or local conditions may be more favourable for the occurrence of positive or negative anomalies. Both AWM and ACM covered from 1 to 11 weather stations simultaneously, though the majority of the anomalous months of each type were observed at single stations or at two neighboring stations. Generally, the scale of the anomaly tended to be larger during ACM than AWM ( i.e. down to –17,0°C compared to maximum 15,6°C for AWM ), during winter than summer, and in the central part of Alaska than at the seaside. There is a clearly visible increase in the frequency of AWM and a decrease in the frequency of ACM after 1976 when PDO shifted from dominantly negative to positive values. Comparing two periods, 1951–1976 and 1977–2015, one can notice that in the latter the mean annual number of ACM in Alaska decreased by one-third and the mean annual number of AWM doubled. The spatial extent of ACM was also considerably smaller ( on average ) and of AWM – larger. In total about 80% of AWM ( ACM ) occurred during the positive ( negative ) values of PDO index. Monthly temperature anomalies in Alaska are mainly driven by atmospheric circulation patterns. AWM coincide with advection of warm air masses from the south while ACM tend to occur in association with northern cold advections. Local effects, which include radiative cooling, temperature inversions and local winds ( i.e. chinook ), also have a great contribution to the occurrence of anomalous months in Alaska.

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Wypływy wód podziemnych w dnach mis jeziornych na przykładzie Jeziora Raduńskiego Górnego (Pojezierze Kaszubskie)

Author(s): Roman Cieśliński,Jacek Piekarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The aim of the study was to locate and describe groundwater outflows in a selected lake basin. The second aim was to measure spring discharge and measure physical characteristics of the studied waters ( temperature, conductivity ). The time scope of the work comprised the period from January 2011 to September 2012. The spatial scope of the work included the area of Lake Raduńskie Górne located in the Kashubian Lake District in northern Poland. The study consisted mostly of fieldwork and reviewing archived materials. Four groundwater outflows were located in the course of the study. Their total discharge was 4.6 l·s-1 and ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 l·s-1. This produces an annual yield of about 145,000 m3·yr-1. This value is comparable to that for other lakes in the world. In effect, Lake Raduńskie Górne receives about 0.15% of its water from under-lake springs. This is a minute value in comparison with the lake’s total groundwater recharge ( 97 mln m3 per year ). However, it must be assumed that the actual number of under-lake springs is many times greater than that identified in the course of this study, which means that the share of water supplied in this manner is likely much higher and its effect on water chemistry and water levels in the lake is also likely much more pronounced.

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Skład chemiczny wód potoków południowego stoku masywu Babiej Góry

Author(s): Małgorzata Malata,Jacek Motyka,Adam Postawa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The chemical composition of the waters of mountain streams depends on natural and anthropogenic conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of physico-chemical properties of water in the streams in the massif of Babia Góra. The study selected fourteen streams located in the Babia Góra National Park and its buffer zone. Based on the results of analyses of macronutrients and micronutrients of ions, conditions determining the physico-chemical parameters of water were determined. The physical and chemical composition of stream waters proved to be conditioned by the geology of catchments, the process of dilution, water temperature and the type of plant communities as well as and the seasonality of vegetation.

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Integracja systemu zarządzania ryzykiem powodziowym i ochroną wód na przykładzie doliny Warty między Koninem a Obornikami

Author(s): Renata Graf,Kamil Jawgiel,Jan Łukaszewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The aim of the study was the analysis of the integration of a flood risk management and water protection system in a selected section of the Warta Valley with taking into consideration the guidelines of the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive. The structure of the valley is comprised within a distance of 201.1 km by stretches of: an urstromtal, between the towns of Konin and Śrem, and the Warta gorge stretch between Śrem and Oborniki. High environmental values of the valley are shown, related to the presence of conservation areas and, on the other hand, a high flood hazard risk, resulting e.g. from advancing land development in the valley and its low retention capacity. The Integrated Water Resources Management guidelines conception was used in the analysis, inlcuding pointing out the directions of relations between minimizing flood risk and protection of natural values of the Warta River and its valley. Spatial distribution of the flood hazard and risk in the Warta Valley was also analyzed. A detailed analysis covered activities of a technical and non-technical character intended to stop the growth of flood risk. In the field of water conservation, the considered objectives included: achieving and maintaining a good ecological potential of waters or the risk of failing to achieve it, which is determined by a high urbanisation ratio, draining of an open-pit lignite mine, extensive morphological change in the river bed and pollution discharged into the waters from land used for agriculture. The results proved that one of the most significant factors directly impacting the environmental condition and ecological potential of the waters is the activity related to flood risk reduction. Potential threats to the functioning of NATURA 2000 areas characterized by high natural values were also indicated.

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