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Legal Aspects of Eco-Villages

Author(s): Orsolya Bányai / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper, I am going to analyse how much the current legal environment impedes or supports the establishment and maintenance of eco-villages in a Central European country, specifically Hungary. Although my analysis builds mostly upon Hungarian law, its main statements and consequences can be useful on an international level as well. It should be noted that according to the opinions of Hungarian social theorists (András Takács Sánta, Béla Borsos), who are deeply concerned with this topic, the Hungarian legal regulation does not relieve the situation of ecological communities at all. However, jurisprudence has not dealt – not even in a consciousness-raising way – with this problem until now. By this short paper, I would like to contribute to clearing up this debt (Fodor et al. 2016. 19–39). Below, I will firstly define the term eco-village. After that, I will make a short review of the situation regarding eco-villages in Hungary, and finally I will turn to their legal aspects.

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Promising Solutions from the Environment Protection Practices of Three Municipalities

Author(s): Attila Barta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study focuses on the environment protection practices of three Hungarian municipalities: Biharkeresztes, Dorog, and Debrecen. The reason why it does so is because the research this paper presents strove from the beginning to provide a more nuanced picture on local environment protection policies by gathering as much empirical (that is: local, first-hand) experience as possible, besides representative questionnaire-based surveys and written sources. To achieve this, members of our research team visited pre-selected settlements (municipalities), where they conducted focus-group interviews and collected sources available via fieldwork only.

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The Analysis of the Territory Economic Development Planning for Cultural Landscape (by the Example of Republic of Mordovia)

Author(s): Anatoly A. Yamashkin,Stanislav Yamashkin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article (on the case of the Republic of Mordovia) examines the geo-environmental analysis of the processes of the territory economic development planning for cultural landscapes. The landscape electronic map is perceived as a basic model of geographic information system. Author describes geo-systems of Mordovia; stages of their economic development, geo-ecological zoning.

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Impactul peisajer al utilizării surselor de ecoenergii

Author(s): Alina HUZUI-STOICULESCU / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The chapter presentes the impact of using eco-energy sources on the landscape.

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A Polish-Romanian perspective on how planning influences the dynamics of urban green infrastructure

Author(s): Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor,Lidia Mierzejewska,Andrei Mitrea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The importance of studying urban green infrastructure in planning is justified by its ecosystem services, contributing to the welfare of urban dwellers and urban sustainability. The present study uses an ecological approach to analyze the dynamics of urban green infrastructure in Polish and Romanian cities with Urban Atlas data in 2006, 2012 and 2018. To avoid ecological fallacy, the methodology includes analyses of individual cases studies. Findings show that urban green infrastructure corresponds to the four city nature types. All cities have lost or transformed their green infrastructure, with local variations. Natural and/or agricultural green spaces make up most of the green infrastructure, while landscaped areas constitute a small share, and are prominent in large, populous, and dense cities. The loss is proportional to the share of categories. Analyses of individual examples show that the involvement of environmental aware citizens is essential for planning a healthy green infrastructure. Local authorities play an important role in influencing planners to account for the green infrastructure. Planners must strive to keep the existing green infrastructure, ensure its continuity, and add more urban greenery; local authorities should account for scientific evidence concerning the role of urban greenery, and scientists should provide simpler, condensed recommendations.

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Intergrating Geography and Physical Education through Mountain oriented Education – Formal integration of MOE into Geography school curricula and Geography textbooks in Slovenian primary schools

Author(s): Mojca Ilc Klun / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Paper presents results of two research studies regarding formal integration of mountain-oriented education into Geography school curricula and Geography textbooks for primary schools. First study focuses on quantitative and qualitative analysis of Geography school curricula for primary schools, within which we searched for references, learning objectives, competencies and teaching methods, which are connected to mountain-oriented education. The second study focuses on analysis of Geography textbooks for primary schools, where we analyzed text and photographs, which are connected to mountain-oriented education. The paper presents important findings of how mountain-oriented education is currently presented within Geography lessons in Slovenian primary schools.

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Pre-industrial landscape of the Jeseníky region as a natural and cultural heritage

Author(s): Jaromír Kolejka,Eva Nováková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Small parcels of agricultural land are rare in the present landscape of Czech Republic and become the subject of interests of the state protection of the nature, the landscape and the environment. At the same time, such areas represent interesting subjects for the local administration as attractive tourist object. In the historical territory of Moravia (the eastern 1/3 of the Czech Republic), a regional inventory of areas with preserved ancient land use structure was carried out on all individual cadastral territories (focused not only on small parcels, but also on large aristocratic estates on agricultural and forest land originated before the main wave of industrial revolution Moravia, before 1850. The sites are still subjects to topic economic pressure on land consolidation. Their existence in the future is under threat and is decreasing every year both in number and size. The inventory results are presented on example of the Jeseniky region.

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INTRODUCTION: OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS – BRIDGING THEORY AND PRACTICE

Author(s): Jan Činčera / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Outdoor programs are a traditional form of environmental education. In this chapter, we open the main question of this book: How should these programs be designed to fulfill their potential? The chapter outlines the methodological approach applied, describes the Real World Learning Model developed to promote the quality of these programs, and introduces the programs we analyzed to find the answers.

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CONCEPTUAL LEARNING IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Author(s): Jan Činčera,Bruce Johnson / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, we summarize the relevant literature on conceptual development and link it with the practice of the programs we analyzed in our study. While we found many examples of good practice, we also identified certain limitations. Based on these findings, we discuss potential opportunities for connecting outdoor environmental education programs more closely with school curricula and for sharing some level of control over the programs between program leaders and school teachers.

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OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PARTICIPATING STUDENTS AND THE ACCOMPANYING TEACHERS

Author(s): Jan Činčera,Roman Kroufek,Bruce Johnson / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter returns to some of the issues mentioned in the previous parts of the book, reflecting on them from the perspective of the participating students and accompanying teachers. We found that students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the programs sometimes differ from what program leaders and designers might expect. Regardless of the high level of students’ and teachers’ satisfaction with the programs, the chapter opens a discussion of how their expectations need to be balanced with the programs’ aims.

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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: WEAVING THE THREADS TOGETHER

Author(s): Jan Činčera / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter weaves together all the threads defined in the Real World Learning Model and discussed in this book. It goes back to some of the questions tackled in the previous chapters, highlighting the main crossroads. In particular, the chapter reviews how decisions made about outdoor environmental education programs’ aims, distribution of power, framing of the learning experience, communication of values, and facilitation of experiential learning influence one another, and what impact they have on the other aspects of designing these programs.

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN SOUTH MORAVIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPE FUNCTION AND THE PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND RESOURCES

Author(s): Marek Havliček,Hana Skokanová,Bořivoj Šarapatka,Renata Pavelková,Patrik Netopil / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on identification of rare landscape structures in model areas of South Moravia with traces of traditional and regionally conditioned ways of farming, assessment of their significance in the protection of agricultural land resources, environmental protection, and provision of eco-system services. The potential of future use of these areas, the possible sustenance of traditional ways of farming, or the possible renewal of extinct landscape structures are other key topics of the paper. The aim of the paper is to find the answers to the following research questions: What are the surviving rare historical landscape structures in the model areas with respect to the categories of land use, how are they being currently managed? How are the surviving historical landscape structures in the model areas protected in the view of the environmental and landscape protection? What are the options of renewal of historical landscape structures?

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Venkovský cestovní ruch v kontextu reality venkovského a městského prostoru

Author(s): Jiří Šíp,Astrida Blanařová,René Petráš,Karel Nejdl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Venkovský (rurální) cestovní ruch, který lze považovat za jednu z doplňkových alternativ udržitelné existence venkovského prostoru, je produktem dlouhodobých kontinuálních restrukturalizačních procesů na venkově evokovaných snižováním nároků na plochy obdělávané zemědělské půdy i nároků na námezdní pracovní sílu v zemědělství. Potřeba pravidelné údržby kulturní krajiny vyvolává poptávku po nových alternativních programech včetně cestovního ruchu. Stále více rostoucí fenomén venkova a restrukturalizace jeho funkcí přináší pozornost odborné veřejnosti, která se začala podrobněji zabývat studiem restrukturalizací vzájemných vazeb a perspektivou trvale udržitelného rozvoje mezi venkovem a městem. Rostoucí počet výzkumných studií a regionálních analýz evokuje otázku, jak vymezit pomyslnou hranici venkova, jak oddělit venkovský prostor od městského urbanizovaného a suburbanizovaného území, jak jsou na sobě závislé, jak se navzájem propojují a jak roste fenomén cestovního ruchu na venkově. Tyto aktuální studie procesů inovací, marketingových technologií včetně digitalizace kontinuálně obohacují související mezinárodní i domácí terminologii cestovního ruchu, kterou je třeba optimalizovat. Velice často se dostáváme do prostředí formulačního chaosu, který evokuje nekonečnou diskuzi o používání českých a cizích terminologických označení v Česku.

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Změny využití venkovského prostoru Třeboňska cestovním ruchem očima místních aktérů

Author(s): Renata Klufová,Klára Vocetková,Zuzana D. Líšková,Mária Hrubešová,Michael Rost / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V posledních letech stále více roste v české geografické literatuře uvědomění venkova jako heterogenního prostoru. Tato diskuze se zdá být reakcí na prostorové procesy, které vedly k diferenciaci venkova v sociálním a ekonomickém slova smyslu od počátku 90. let. Britští geografové se snažili konceptualizovat rozsáhlé prostorové procesy ve venkovském prostoru probíhající od počátku 80. let v souvislosti s přechodem od keynesiánské ekonomiky k ekonomice neoliberální. Pod pojmem „rural restructuring“ se pak skrývá výsledek této debaty – někdy označované jako celistvý koncept, někdy jen jako soubor konceptů (komodifikace, produktivistický vs. postproduktivistický venkov, kontraurbanizace, rurální gentrifikace atd.). Cílem příspěvku je nastínit vývoj změn ve využití Třeboňska cestovním ruchem za posledních 15 let v kontextu postproduktivistické tranzice venkova a zjistit, zda lze v oblasti identifikovat (počínající) projevy rurální gentrifikace.r

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ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EU MARITIME DIRECTIVES IN UKRAINE

Author(s): Natalia Fedoronchuk,Oleg Rubel,Tamara Kukovska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main regulatory document establishing the basis for EU action in the field of environmental policy in relation to the marine environment is Directive 2008/56/EC (MSFD). The use of the marine environment, taking into account the ecosystem approach and the principle of integrated management, improves the environment, biodiversity, development of maritime industry. The Government of Ukraine has approved the Marine Environmental Strategy in order to implement the provisions of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive in Ukrainian legislation. This is provided by the environmental block of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU.

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PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Author(s): Yanica Dimitrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report examines the theoretical connection between innovation and CSR and their opportunities for development in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of the Republic of Bulgaria. Based on the results of an empirical study among 300 SMEs implementing innovations in our country, opportunities for the development and implementation of innovations in CSR are outlined, which will increase the competitive performance of the Black Sea region.

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ETICKÝ MANAGEMENT V REGIONÁLNÍM A KORPORÁTNÍM VODÁRENSTVÍ V ČR

Author(s): Jiří Nesiba,Josef Smolík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the issue of water management in the Czech Republic. Based on research, authors compare two management concepts with sight to the ownership of the water company. In some cases, water companies are owned and managed by regional self-government (ideal type of regional public water sector) and for others examples water companies are owned by private sector (ideal type international corporate water sector). The paper compares both approaches in the Czech water sectors by the methods of ethical management and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Therefore, beyond the scope of the law, how both types of management implement ethical instruments effectively in managing strategic material. The contribution explains the specifics of the Czech water development in the last twenty years and examines the situation in 2018/19. In the research, authors compared the water sector in 63 regional and district towns and according to three categories – economic (division of financial gain), CSR (code of conduct, social initiatives) and management quality (strategical planning). The article presents the results of their research. At the end of thesis they make recommendations for public administration how to implement more effectively the ethical management of water supply in the Czech Republic.

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Deprem Sonrası Çevre Kirliliğini Önlemek: Geçici Depolama Alanları

Author(s): Nazlı Nisa Güney,Berfin Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Deprem jeolojik bir doğal afettir. Depremin büyüklüğü, kırılan fay uzunluğunun ortaya çıkardığı enerji ile ifade edilirken, deprem sonucunda meydana gelen can ve mal kayıpları, yapısal hasarlar gibi unsurlar ise oluşan depremin şiddetini belirler (Ergünay, 2009). Ülkemizde, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık ve Elbistan merkezli büyüklükleri sırasıyla 7,8 ve 7,6 olan yıkıcı depremler yaşanmıştır (ODTÜ, 2023). Depremin meydana geldiği merkez bölgelerde 11’ e kadar ulaşan deprem şiddeti, Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Malatya, Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Adana, Kilis, Diyarbakır, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa şehirlerinde binlerce yapı enkazı oluşmasına neden olmuştur (AFAD, 2023). Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı yaptığı incelemeler sonucunda, yıkılmış ve ağır hasarlı yapı sayısının 164 bin 321 olduğunu tespit etmiştir (URL-1).

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The Beginnings of Medieval Towns in the Slovenian Lands and Their “Founders”: Controversies and New Interpretations

Author(s): Miha Kosi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the territory of present-day Slovenia, there are 78 urban settlements which were created or existed as early as the Middle Ages. Among these, there are 23 towns and around 55 boroughs or market-towns. Three towns – Koper/Capodistria, Izola/Isola, and Piran/Pirano – are situated at the Adriatic coast of Istria and belong to the Mediterranean cultural circle, with a continuity of habitation since the Antiquity. In their evolution and features, they crucially differ from inland towns. Three urban settlements evolved in Prekmurje during the 14th century, and their development was rather specific, typical of the Hungarian Kingdom. All the rest (72) emerged within the Holy Roman Empire – in the lands of Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, and Gorizia. In this study, I will refer to the inland urban settlements that emerged in the framework of the medieval Empire.

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Dubrovnik’s Burgus of St Blasius in the 13th Century

Author(s): Irena Benyovsky Latin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are a number of studies on the urban development of medieval Dubrovnik, which analyze the basic way of its expansion beyond the old city walls and its spatial formation to the north, which resulted in the final articulation of its urban area and the construction of the new city walls by the end of the 13th century. But regardless of these research results, the level of urbanization in 13th-century Dubrovnik is still a matter of debate among the historians, archaeologists, and art historians. An especially under-researched area is the situation of urban space regarding property or possessions, as well as the location and residential mobility of specific social subjects and their real estate, which are all crucial elements in understanding the city’s urban evolution. This article aims at analyzing the development of Dubrovnik’s burgus of St Blasius as it was transformed from an extra-urban territory into a suburb and then, at the turn of the 14th century, into a central area of the medieval city.

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