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Угроженост акумулације ''Завој'' ерозивним процесима - Методолошки, сазнајни и заштитни аспект -

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović,Stanimir Kostadinov,Sanja Mustafić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

In this paper land erosion has been investigated from its temporal and spatial variability point of view. The aim of the application of contemporary soft wares and satellite observations was to create an adequate data base which allows faster and more adequate possibility for monitoring the intensity of erosive processes, as well as meaningful decision for application of different ways of anti erosive techniques of the most dangerous areas. Geomorphologic mapping of erosive processes using plane and satellite images has allowed rational planning of field observations and, at the other side very detailed establishing of the intensity of previous erosion. A new approach applied in this paper during data processing of all relevant parameters influencing erosion is based on using of software Geomedia 5.2 (Intergraph).

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Ochrona zasobów i stosunków wodnych na obszarach podmiejskich

Author(s): Paweł Jokiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2001

The following article contains some remarks of the coordinator of the scientific theme undertaken by the research group of the Łódź University Department of Hydrology and Water Management concerning the problems of monitoring, economy and protection of water and its resources in suburban areas of big cities. It shows the main aim of the undertaken research and the means of its performance including the location and character of the explored drainage basin in the suburbs of Łódź. More details as well as introductory results of the research will be given in the next articles of this volume.

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Okresy suche i wilgotne w Łodzi w XX wieku

Author(s): Agnieszka Podstawczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2008

The aim of this work is to present the results of total daily precipitation series, which had been registered in Łódź in 1904-2000. In the structure of daily precipitation conditions the days without falls (54.2%) and with falls of 0.1-4.9 mm (36.1%) were dominant. Total maximum daily precipitation changed perennially from 14.2 mm to 103.5 mm. The longest continuous peńods of dryness in Łódź lasted 45 days, whereas the longest periods of continuous falling lasted 31 days. It was observed that 40's and 50's were the years of the most frequent dry periods. Maximum length of continuous precipitation periods shortened from 30 days in 30's to 14 and 15 days in 80's and 90's. Looking for long lasting tendencies of the time changeability of precipitation characteristics by using non-parametric test by Mann-Kendall and non-parametric Sen's method, which is used for calculating regression coefficients in linear trends equations, shows lack of statistically significant tendencies. This happens in case of daily capacities and extreme total fall, as well as total annual number of days without and with falling being equal or bigger than 5 mm and ~ 10 mm. Positive trends, statistically significant on a level of 0.05 characterize dryness indices in February and April, while indices on a 0.01 level are characteristic for August.

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Środowiskowe skutki melioracji i regulacji rzek w dolinie Bzury w okolicach Łowicza

Author(s): Elżbieta Kobojek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2004

The article shows the influence of land reclamation and regulation of rivers on the transformation of the environment in the Bzura pradolina near Lowicz. At the beginning of the 19th century the Bzura river was of an anastomosing type.

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Zmiany środowiska doliny dolnej Luciąży w holocenie

Author(s): Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2004

The subject of the research is the lower Luciąża river valley, located in the central part of Poland. Differentiated geological structure, resulting from base tectonics and relief inherited from middle-polish ice sheets, influenced significantly natural complexity and differentiation of human influence on the valley. In the result of warmth and flora's incoming, a change in the river character has occurred (from the braided to the meandering one), already in Late Glacial, probably in AllerOd (before 10 9Z0 BP). The frrst fossil mineral record of human activity in the valley is a frreground level in the meander residual in Kludzice, dating from 3 6Z0 BP (the turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages). Partial burning of the valley resulted in cover plant conflagrations and intensified surface flow. The climate cold trend in Subboreal (5 OOO-ZZOOBP) increased wind impact. On the deforested bottom terrace sandy aeolian covers had formed before Subatlantic (until Z 200 BP). In Subatlantic (l 330 BP), organic sediments and sandy alluvial soils were created, as a result of climate warming. In historic times the man influenced the valley ever more intensively. Settlements were build, for example the embanked one in Rozprza, dated at 7t1l century. One of the main transportation routes of the Piast monarchy also led through the valley. The period of the Little Ice Age (1450-1750) and the then climate cooling and raising of the ground water level made people leave the valley and enter the plateau area. Luciąża river has been used for energy production. Largest changes have occurred during the last 100-170 years. The construction of railways and modem roads, deforrestation and building of two reservoirs - Sulejów and Cieszanowice artificial lakes has begun. Economic activation during and after the 2nd World War (melioration and hydrotechnical constructions) was of a great importance.

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Ökologische Bedeutung und Naturschutzpotential linienförmiger Biotope der Agrarlandschaft

Author(s): Michael Link / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2004

Grass and herbal dominated small line structures possess high significance for the conservationof species and biotopes in the actual cultural landscape of Germany. This papercategorizes and specifies herbal ridges, central stripes of lanes and pasture fences. Thesebiotope-types are then differentiated to herbaceous seams.The floristic and vegetational composition of herbal line structure elements is analysed atfour different levels, which are: species inventory, floristic types, phytocoenoses and nanovegetation complexes. Each level is characterized by its species and biotope conservation value.While floristic types are useful for ecohabitat aspects and species conservation, nano vegetationcomplexes are advised for work on large areas.The ecological significance of a herb-dominated small line biotope depends decisively onthe production intensity of the land use above it (uplier), its cultivation state and its breadth.Line structures serve as refugial habitats. Starting from here the recolonization of adjacentgrasslands and arable ground takes place. In order to perform this function in the future,preservation of these line structures is needed. An extensivation in agriculture over large areaswill secure these efforts. Biotope-binding measures without large area extensivation of agriculturewill only delay the destruction of the line biotopes left.Care should be spent on the methods used to maintain line structures, especially whetherthey are realistic. The effective shelter of herb-dominated small line structures is difficultbecause information on their composition lacks. Agriculture plays an important role in themanagement of these structures.

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Zmiany koryta dolnej i środkowej Wiernej Rzeki od XVIII wieku

Author(s): Mariusz Chrabąszcz,Tomasz Kalicki,Paweł Przepióra,Marcin Frączek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2017

The aim of this work is to show the influence human activity on small retention and channel changes of the Wierna Rzeka River in last centuries. The Wierna Rzeka River is located in the south-western part of the Holy Cross Mts. region in the Polish Uplands. The Wierna Rzeka River is left tributary of the Biała Nida River. It is classified as a 35.7 km long upland river with an 2.32‰ average slope. The 313.8 km2 large basin has an elongated shape with a meridional extension. The catchment area was located in the south-western part of the Old Polish Industrial District. From the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century there were at least four forges on the Wierna Rzeka River. There were also water mills built on the former forges infrastructure. The most of mills on the Wierna Rzeka River was built in the second half of the 19th c. and at the beginning of the 20th c. The activity of the forges and mills led to changes in the development of the riverbed and created a pattern of anthropogenic anastomosis. Those changes are documented in archival and cartographic materials. In the second half of the 20th c. the water mills activity was stopped. On the floodplain many remains of metallurgy and mills infrastructure facilities have survived, embankments, canals, mill ponds. Currently, on the Wierna Rzeka River in the abandoned mills area, there are sections of anastomosing channel pattern. As a result of the renaturalization process, many anthropogenic forms disappeared and the drained water reservoirs became part of the floodplain.

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Charakterystyka hydrologiczna i hydrochemiczna wód Moszczenicy w przekroju Gieczno

Author(s): Michał Górecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2017

Since the beginning of the hydrological year of 2016, hydrological and hydrochemical measurements of the Moszczenica River have been taken. Currently, relatively low water flow and water level have been observed. Significant suburbanization of the drainage basin and the particular way of water management influence physicochemical properties of water. Indicators characterizing the Moszczenica as a polluted river are phosphates and, to a lesser extent, ChZTMn. It is visible in both seasonal parameter changeability and relation between their concentration and flow. Over the last quarter of a century, despite the increasing anthropopression, the values of PEW, PO43- and O2 do not indicate any significant changes.

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Charakterystyki fizykochemiczne wód obszarów podmokłych w granicach aglomeracji warszawskiej na przykładzie Horowego Bagna i Jeziora Kruczek w gminie Marki

Author(s): Sylwia Grzędzińska,Maciej Ziułkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2017

In order to limit the pressure and preserve the natural environment in the immediate vicinity of the Warsaw agglomeration was created the Warsaw Protected Landscape Area. It includes, among others, forests of the Marki area, forming a buffer zone of protected areas, including the Horowe Bagno peat bog and the Kruczek Lake. The area of the reserve is nearly 44 hectares, of which the surface of the basins formed in the peat pits is about 17.5 hectares. Both hydrographic objects, due to their location, are within the range of potential pressure from the northeastern part of the city of Marki and the national road No. 631. In addition, the construction of the expressway S8 from Warsaw towards Białystok seems to be a big threat. This paper aims to document the hydrochemical condition of the Horowe Bagno peat bog and the Kruczek Lake before the launch of the S8 express road. The basic physicochemical parameters of water in both objects: pH and proper electrolytic conductivity will serve this purpose. For measuring in the winter-spring season 2015/16, 6 measurement and control points were selected, with 2 points located on the shore of the Kruczek Lake, and the remaining 4 were located in the Horowe Bagno peat bog reserve. In the preliminary stage of the research, the size of anthropogenic pressure was identified in the area of the Marki commune using the method by Nachlik (2006). It has been found that there are no significant threats to the aquatic environment in the water-sewage economy. The results show that the Horowe Bagno peat can be classified as high in pH and transient in terms of PEW. The peat bog and the lake represent two distinct hydrochemical objects, probably due to the basin and alimentation and different contribution of atmospheric and land supply. One of the most important manifestations of anthropopression is the penetration of precipitation wastewater from road No. 631. It can significantly increase after launching the S8 express road adjacent the peat bog, in particular without adequate protection measures.

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Nowe aspekty badań nad chemizmem gleb aglomeracji łódzkiej w oparciu o metody GIS

Author(s): Wojciech Tołoczko,Aleksander Szmidt,Maciej Wiaderkowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2017

The study assumes the use of old printed maps for conducting spatial analyses in the GIS environment. Information, in the form of point data on concentration of trace elements in soils of the Łódź agglomeration, was digitalised and then interpolated. The article includes descriptions of subsequent stages of operations performed in order to obtain digital results, as close as possible to data included in the geochemical atlas. The resultant geobase will be used for conducting spatial analyses aimed at delimiting areas of various degree of both heavy metal pollution and nutrient richness.

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Analysis of Geospatial and Temporal Distribution of Storms as a Natural Disaster

Author(s): Vladimir Cvetković,Dragan Stojković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of the research - the research has been undertaken in order to determine the geospatial and temporal distribution of the number and consequences of storms in the global geospace in the period from 1900 till 2013. Design/methodology/approach - The paper applied statistical methods. In addition, a statistical study was conducted by taking the raw data of all natural disasters (25,552) in mind, Excel "file from the international database on disasters (CRED) in Brussels, after which they were analyzed in the same program for statistical analysis of data SPSS. Inventions - Statistical analysis of the results clearly indicate that the number of storms on the rise, as well as the severity of their consequences. Research limitations - it cannot be said that an international database on natural disasters included absolutely everything that happens in the world, given that it was created thanks to the submitted national reports on natural disasters in the period from 1900 till 2013. So the question that arises is whether the most underdeveloped countries submitted their reports. Practical implications - bearing in mind the increasing trend in the number and severity of natural disasters in the world's geographic space, the results are a good argument to launch a serious reform of the system of protection and rescue against natural disasters in countries around the world. Social implications - Results of research impact on raising awareness among citizens on the severity of the consequences of meteorological disasters on people, the environment and their property. Original value - in local Serbian literature there are no scientific papers on this approach analyzing storms. These results are original, bearing in mind the scientific method used to analyze the data obtained from the Center for research of disaster in Brussels.

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Problematyka hydrologiczna w programie ochrony środowiska miasta Kielce

Author(s): Tadeusz Ciupa,Roman Suligowski,Szymon Ciupa / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 28/2017

The paper presents hydrological issues included in the current Environment ProtectionProgramme of the City of Kielce, along with its environmental impact assessment. The tasks relatedto the aquatic environment prevail in this Programme which has been drawn with the use of thesustainable development indicators of pressure, state and response. The performed analysis hasshown that among 229 tasks of the Programme, 57 are related to surface and underground waterenvironment and water management. Separate tasks, included in individual partial plans, have alsobeen assessed in order to estimate their potential impact on environmental components. Theirimplementation will significantly influence the state of city’s environment – primarily the waterenvironment (82.5%) and also the soil and ground surface (35.1%). Preventive actions proposed inthe Programme might have both positive and negative impacts on fauna and flora biodiversity.There have been three priority task groups (A, B, C) identified in the Programme that point to theimportance and urgency of implementation of the tasks concerning water protection and otherenvironmental components along with reduction of risks to citizens’ health. The most importantand urgent tasks (priority A) include: reducing the high burden caused to aquatic environment byinsufficiently purified wastewater; reducing the surface runoff growth; preventing the degradationof water in the area of the main aquifer; reactivation of the surface water monitoring system.

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LEAD-RICH SEDIMENTS FOUND IN SOME SPRINGS OF THE DINARIC KARST OF CROATIA

Author(s): Frančišković-Bilinski Stanislav,Bilinski Halka / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2014

A summary of the current body of knowledge on lead-rich sediments found in some springs of the Dinaric karst of Croatia is presented. The karstic aquifers of Gorski Kotar (Frančišković-Bilinski et al.; 2013) and of the Biokovo Mt. (Matić et al.; 2012; 2013) were investigated on two occasions in the year 2010 as important sources of drinking water.The aim of the present work was to highlight the locations with lead-rich sediments; where concentrations of Pb are significantly higher than 250 mg/kg; what is the limit value which might cause significant toxic effects. In aquifers of Gorski Kotar highest Pb concentration of 734 mg/kg was measured in sediment taken at the Kupa River spring. In Biokovo Mt. aquifer highest Pb concentration of 5440 mg/kg was measured in sediment taken from Izbitac spring; one of captured springs being used for water supply of Makarska region. Elevated Pb concentrations in sediments of upper Kupa valley could be due to anthropogenic air-borne pollution from broader region; while elevated Pb concentrations in Biokovo Mt. spring sediments are probably of natural origin. But; to prove exact origin of Pb on both locations deserves much more additional investigations. In the current paper discussion of the existing knowledge of possible lead partitioning between the aqueous and solid phases is presented. This ultimately has ramification for lead mobility; bioavailability and toxicity. At the end a recommendation is given to monitor these Pb-rich springs over longer periods of time with respect of sediment and of water quality. Up to now the authorities of National Park Risnjak and of Water Supply Company of Makarska were not interested in current results; neither in further research of lead origin; its transport and possible health hazard.

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Relationship between Mean Annual Temperatures and Precipitation Sums in Montenegro Between 1951-1980 and 1981-2010 Periods

Author(s): Dragan Burić,Vladan Ducić,Jovan Mihajlović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In the second half of the 20th and by the beginning of the 21st century the area of Montenegro was dominated by positive air temperature fluctuations and negative precipitation sums. This paper analyses a 60-year period (1951-2010), with the aim to determine air temperature and precipitation deviation between the two 30-year periods: 1951-1980 and 1981-2010. Calculations of mean, mean maximum and mean minimum temperature have been done, as well as annual values of precipitation sums. All three temperature parameters, particularly maximum values, show that the 1981-2010 period was significantly warmer in relation to previous three decades. Significant changes in mean annual precipitation sums between the two observation periods have been recorded on the coast and, locally, in the western part of the country. The results also showed that there was a significant increase in positive deviations of mean maximum temperature in most parts of Montenegro during the 1981-2010 period in relation to the 1951-1980 period, while changes of this type in other observation parameters were mostly minor.

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Climate Classification and Drought Analysis of Mersin

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Çelik,Ali Ekber Gülersoy / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

Studies show that the southern regions of Turkey, within which also Mersin is located, would be greatly affected by possible climate change. According to a report published by NASA, the most severe droughts of the last 900 years are being witnessed in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. In this context, the study of the drought of Mersin in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin is of great importance. In this study, the drought analysis on, and the Thornthwaite climate classification for Mersin and the surrounding area was carried out (1965-2014). The Standardized Rainfall Index (SPI), Normal Percentage Index (PNI) and Erinç Drought Index were used in our study. Drought analyses on monthly, annual and seasonal scales were carried out. According to the Erinç drought index, extreme climatic conditions have been experienced frequently over the past 15 years. For example, the results of the SPI analysis show that there was a lack of precipitation in Mersin across all months of the year 2008. Again, 2009 became the driest year of the last 55 years. After 1968, the years 2001 and 2012 represent the most humid climatic conditions in Mersin. However there is a significant negative trend, especially throughout the winter months. 2001 and 2012 have been the most humid periods in recent years. If the monthly SPI values of these periods have been examined, it can be seen that the humidity of 2001 originated from heavy rainfalls which had occurred in December. The precipitation which fell in December 2001 was the highest rainfalls the last 55 years. Another drought index used in our study is PNI. The PNI was calculated using monthly rainfall data of 1965-2014 belonging to the Mersin station. It is seen that PNI results were consistent with those obtained from Erinç and SPI models. The year 2008 is recorded as being arid according to the PNI analysis. According to the PNI analysis, the year 2008 was observably arid while moist conditions for the year 2012 are worthy of note.

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Карта: геопросторна парадигма

Author(s): Vesna Ikonović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2006

There are different definitions of map. There is no one which is accepted in whole world or at least from the most cartographers. In the paper it will be given several definitions which are, at the best way, (according to the author’s opinion) reflecting essence of map as a model of reality. Map as a universal meaning of researching can’t serve only for representing particular geospace (spatial system) or some its element, or to give only clear view about geographical dispersion of objects, phenomena and processes, but have to make possible studying the patterns of that dispersion, as well as their mutual connections and conditions.

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WYKORZYSTANIE DANYCH FOTOGRAMETRYCZNYCH DO TWORZENIA ZAŁOŻEŃ DO PROJEKTU SCALENIA GRUNTÓW

Author(s): Jacek Pijanowski,Izabela Piech,Barbara Posiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Arrangement-agricultural works including land consolidation process enable comprehensive rural areas development. However, these procedures are complicated, laborious and time-consuming.To properly plan the tasks that aim to adapting the spatial structure of the area to needs of its sustainable development it is necessary to thoroughly investigate the development area. Great potential in this area possess photogrammetric data and analysis based on it. The aim of this article is to present possibilities of using photogrammetric data for arrangement-agricultural works. Case study concerns analysis for Chodów village with using point clouds and orthophotography gained within ISOK program. The result is a map showing comprehensive analyzes of the terrain. The research draws attention to the occurrence and location of potential problem areas. The article shows a quick way to generate inestimable analyzes for creating assumptions for the land consolidation project, using free software.

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Baráti segítség és önerőre támaszkodás. Magyar geofizikus expedíció Kínában 1956–1962

Author(s): Péter Vámos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2017

A group of Hungarian geophysicists played a pivotal role in exploring and discovering oil deposits in the Songliao Basin, which later became known as Daqing, the largest oil field in China. The article examines this eminent example of Sino–Hungarian cooperation against the backdrop of the radicalization of Chinese politics and growing tensions between the Soviet Union and China. Taking the Hungarian geophysicists’ expedition as an example, the study explores the historical setting of early exchanges as well as the daily practice of scientific and technological interactions between China and Hungary, one of the closest East European allies of the Soviet Union.

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Prehistoryczna transformacja rzeźby na stanowisku archeologicznym Rychnowo V w zlewni górnej Drwęcy

Author(s): Tomasz Kalicki,Mariusz Chrabąszcz,Igor Maciszewski,Paweł Przepióra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 107/2018

The results of geoarchaeological and archaeological research at the Rychnowo V site are presented. The archaeological site is located on the moraine plateau between two subglacial tunnel valleys currently drained by the upper Drwęca and Grabiczek Rivers. Relief of the moraine plateau is varied by hollows on post-glacial depressions of varying size and degree of filling. These lakes were formed in the Late Glacial and were filled in the Holocene by organic and clastic deposits. At the archaeological site, several settlement phases have been identified related to the Lusatian (main phase) and Wielbark cultures, Early and Late Medieval and Modern periods. Not found in the site permanent or long-term settlement. The site should be considered as group of rather short-lived camps. The most numerous traces of Lusatian culture are not a single phase, but rather multiple returns to the same area at short intervals (the homogeneous ceramics). The activity of the people of Lusatian culture (connected not with cultivation but grazing) at the beginning of the Subatlantic led to slope erosion and soil fossilization in endorheic depression.

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Screening of pollution for the reclamation of industrial land: Evaluation of geological background data

Author(s): József Denső,Amadé Halász,Viktória Poór,Dénes Lóczy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The paper focuses on the results of rapid, combined multi-techniques in field measurements influenced by the geological background, which allow the survey of extensive polluted areas and decision support systems. The investigated area (former briquette factory) is highly contaminated by Total Petrol Hydrocarbon-types (TPHs). Heavy metals were investigated with GC-MS, turbidimetric, Raman-spectroscopic method, and with XRF. Qualitative assessment of alkanes, alkenes and alkines as well as aromatic compounds was determined by Raman peak analysis. The areas contaminated with Cr, Zn, Co and carcinogenic hydrocarbons, are in most cases absorbed in the coal powder matrix.

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