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On Strategic Spatial Planning

Author(s): Zora Živanović,Branka Tošić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The goal of this paper is to explain the origin and development of strategic spatial planning, to show complex features and highlight the differences and/or advantages over traditional, physical spatial planning. Strategic spatial planning is seen as one of approaches in legally defined planning documents, and throughout the display of properties of sectoral national strategies, as well as issues of strategic planning at the local level in Serbia. The strategic approach is clearly recognized at the national and sub-national level of spatial planning in European countries and in our country. It has been confirmed by the goals outlined in documents of the European Union and Serbia that promote the grounds of territorial cohesion and strategic integrated planning, emphasizing cooperation and the principles of sustainable spatial development.

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Narkūnų piliakalnių ir papėdės gyvenvietės keramika: elgsenos atspindžiai

Author(s): Vytenis Podėnas,Aleksiejus Luchtanas,Agnė Čivilytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 42/2016

The article presents a classification of the pottery dated to PIII–B2 /C1 and a spatial analysis of the pottery, bone, and metal artefacts found at the Narkūnai archaeological complex (Utena District, Leliūnai Eldership). First, a re-examination of Narkūnai’s prehistoric chronology was made using typological studies. Second, on the basis of 14 879 analysed potsherds and 1534 separately examined rim sherds, pottery styles were distinguished in the context of the development of early hillforts’ pottery. Last, by applying a behavioural archaeology theory, the paper analyses the formation processes of the cultural layers and the fragment of the representativity of the archaeological context. A spatial analysis allowed the fragment of the 2nd century palaeorelief to be distinguished, the abandonment process of a single building to be examined, and four asynchronous metallurgical activity areas in the ‘Didysis’ Narkūnai Hillfort to be identified. The latter reflections on prehistoric behaviour are discussed in the context of the appearance and abandonment of the early hillforts and the relationship of the local communities with early metallurgy in the East Baltic region.

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The interpolation of cadmium in soils of an urbanized territory of the steppe Dnieper region using geoinformation modeling methods

Author(s): S. O. Gunko,N.M. Tsvetkova,N. O. Neposhivaylenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

We collected data on the content of gross and mobile forms of cadmium in the genetic horizons of the main types of soils of the steppe Dnieper region in anthropogenically contaminated landscapes (for instance, the city of Kamianske). The content and distribution of gross and mobile forms of cadmium are shown laterally and radially. The highest concentration of cadmium content is noted for profiles 1 to 6, in particular for a root-saturated ground horizon (up to 50 cm). For soil horizons located at a depth of 50–150 cm, there is a slight excess (4–6 mg/kg) of the mean (2–4 mg/kg) for all urban systems. Minimal concentrations of gross forms of cadmium are observed along the soil profile of 25–29 (up to 1 mg/kg), but anomalous excesses are noted at intersections of major highways, which is characteristic for all arranged profiles. The distribution of mobile forms of cadmium for each araigned profile usually duplicates the situation of distribution of gross forms of heavy metal content. The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst's software capabilities in assessing the ecological status of the Kamianske soil according to the content of cadmium are demonstrated in the study. The results of interpolation of cadmium concentration (gross and mobile forms) on the territory of the city for the corresponding soil horizons are given. According to the conducted simulation, it has been established that the soils of almost the entire eastern part of the city (east of the soil profile of 1 to 6) are characterized by the content of the gross form of cadmium in the range of 3 to 4 mg/kg, except for the wooded ravine Vodyana, within the territorial boundaries of which the values of 2 to 3 mg/kg are forecast, as well as in the soils of the southern and central parts of the city. The interpolation of the results of measurements of cadmium content indicates that the abnormal zone is gradually decreasing by area, however, it maintains the maximum values for the city's territory.

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Acquiring and Processing of Field Information Based on UAV, GNSS and GIS Technologies

Author(s): Mihai Valentin Herbei,George Popescu,Adrian Smuleac,Alin Cosmin Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The present work consists in taking photogrammetric images with the help of the drones, making their mosaic and georeferencing of the orthophotoplan resulting in the national stereographic projection system 1970. The flight took place at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat, King Mihai I of Romania, in Timisoara. Also, 15 targets were measured in the 1970 stereographic projection, based on GNSS technology. To achieve these objectives, the following equipment was used: PHANTOM 4 ADVANCED drones, GPS GS08, the 15 targets as well as the ArcGIS, PIX4D, SKYCATCH (iOS) data processing software’s.

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Development of a Direct Calculation Algorithm of the Horizontal Strain Vector of the Studied Construction, Using Conditional Geodetic Measurements

Author(s): Gheorghe Nistor,Cristian Onu,Dan Pădure,Irinel Constantin Greșiță / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

Obtaining an improved construction quality, choosing optimal solutions from the socio-economic point of view, can be attained by completing the strength and stability calculation with laboratory experimental research on models and with measurements and observations on constructions at full scale, made by means of machines and high-tech methods. Geodetic methods, by the high precision of measurements as well as the methods for data processing and estimation of the quality of results, represent a basic system in the extensive process of experimental study of constructions, in many respects being irreplaceable. The paper introduces a direct calculation algorithm of the horizontal deformation vector of the studied construction, using precision geodetic measurements, the method of conditional measurements and a mathematical model to estimate accuracy results.

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Study of the Stability Over Time of Microtriangulation Network Station Points, Used as a Reference System for the Determination of the Horizontal Deformations Vector of the Studied Constructions

Author(s): Gheorghe Nistor,Cristian Onu,Dan Pădure,Irinel Constantin Greșiță / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The determination of the vector of horizontal deformations of the studied constructions, subjected to a complex of static and dynamic forces, is done by several geodetic precision methods, the most used in the case of massive constructions being micro-triangulation. It also includes fixed / station points, made in non-deflecting soils and outside the area of influence of the studied construction. From these, cyclic geodesic measurements are made to the control points fixed on the construction, which change their spatial position with the construction. Based on the angular and linear cyclical measurements, the vector of the horizontal deformation at each control point on the construction is determined. In this sense, the station points must have a fixed position in space, so that the differences between the cyclical measurements to be only due to the changes in the position of the studied construction.In conclusion, in each observation cycle it is mandatory to check / test the stability conditions in the position of the fixed station points, against which the positions of the control points on the construction are reported. There are presented some ways to test station point stability with respect to the reference and orientation points, within the time interval between two observation cycles.

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LiDAR Applications Based on LAKI II Project

Author(s): Iuliana Maria Pârvu,Iuliana Adriana Cuibac - Picu,Adrian Grigore Pârvu,Margarita Dogaru / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The evolution of technology has led to significant advances enabling the development of precision laser scanning technology. LiDAR technology involves scanning a surface with laser waves. The ability to process dense point clouds in an efficient and cost-effective manner has facilitated a multitude of 3D data acquisition applications. This paper presents the ongoing project “Geographical Information for the Environment, Climate Change and EU Integration” LAKI II and some applications derived from it. One of the applications is the flooding risk analysis using LiDAR technology based products. Another application is the fusion of data from different sensors for some historical monuments, like Oradea Fortress. Improving the final products for cities by generating higher resolution digital surface models is one of our future goals.

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Increasing the Accuracy Of Parameters For Hydrotechnical Nodes Determination Using GIS

Author(s): Petru Plesca,Viorica Mocreac,Gabriel Săndulache,Octavian Mocreac / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

At the moment on the territory of the Republic of Moldova there is massive evidence, elaboration of technical data sheets and rules for exploitation of lakes / ponds. These regulate the regulation of storage lakes / ponds regulating the general criteria for the exploitation of water accumulations regardless of the type of property built according to the requirements of the normative and legal acts in force for the purpose of their correct and sustainable exploitation and applies to anything natural person or legal entity that owns and manages reservoirs/ponds. For this it is necessary to collect parameters such as: dam dimensions, elevation of the dam, water discharge devices and bottom drainage. Efficient exploitation is achieved if accurate measurements of the area of the water mirror surface are at different levels, such as normal, hard and minimally acceptable, but we also need cadastral and legal data.

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Real Estate-Urban Geographical Information System of a Municipality

Author(s): Gheorghe Sălceanu,Gheorghe Nistor,Cristian Onu,Dan Pădure,Cristian Huțanu / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The Geographical Information System (GIS) is a modern software tool which allow the collection of referenced data; the storage; organisation; viewing; integration and interpretation of information with a spatial component; so that it the relations between them are understood and that the patterns and tendencies may be established. The Land Information System of a municipality is a very important and complex system; achieving a strong scientific and information basis accessible for the assistance of activities which support the decision-making process in local government; a major factor in making the qualitative level of geo-spatial information domains more efficient. The main purpose of the GIS project is to organise a coherent database that would contain information regarding the installations and equipment in the distribution network and to correlate the information with their position; represented through maps and digital plans.

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Integrity of Land Relations and Terrestrial Measurements Within the Multifunctionality of Cadastre

Author(s): Efim Zubco,Ion Botnarenco / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The need to develop land relations and the emergence of property relations highlighted some of their peculiarities and namely the spatial aspect of land relations. As part of cadastre; terrestrial measurements have been applied under the influence of law as a social category of land relations. Land rights have their peculiarities and namely: location; formation; development and protection. Any land right is obligatorily accompanied by its spatial aspect. The issue related to the land right connection to space is still current nowadays. The form and content of the land rights is in a permanent evolution as well as their location in space. Historically; the land right evolved from a simple spatial layout in a horizontal plane to the formation of the 3D and 4D property right. The object of our study relates to the interaction of land rights as a social category and the measurement process within the multifunctional cadastral system. Also the author mentions that; in the study; the land rights are examined through the prism of land ownership and land measurements as a need to identify physically the property right on the ground. In the cadastral field; land measurements have been developed including at the request of such processes as: land valuation; land use; protection of limited natural resources; etc.

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Land Registration and Multifunctional Integrity of Cadastre

Author(s): Ion Botnarenco,Efim Zubco,Sergiu Popescul / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

Land registration (real estate development) represents a key step in the development of cadastral process. The analysis of historical development of cadastre proves that „land registration” has completed the formation of cadastral process, its first step, and simultaneously, it marked the beginning of a new era of cadastre.The importance of registration process is also manifested by the fact that in many countries, land registration, has been long associated with the cadastre as a whole.Land registration has a significant influence in the process of economic policies formation. In this context, the principle of compulsory land registration or voluntary land registration occurs, which actively influence the respective fiscal policies.The whole complex of economic policies is under the influence of the principle of compulsory land registration. Through the prism of the registration process we can notice the formation of different models of cadastral process development.

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Development of Transformation Parameters Data Base for MOLDPOS Service

Author(s): Vasile Chiriac,Ana Vlasenco / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

Starting from 1999 a new Moldavian Reference System (MOLDREF99) based on the ETRS89 and Transversal Mercator for Moldova map projection was established. In order to provide real time position and navigation service on the territory of Republic of Moldova in 2011 GNSS Permanent Network and MOLDPOS service was developed. Taking in account that RTCM 3.1 transformation messages allows the MOLDPOS service to provide their users with all necessary data for positioning a grid transformation parameters data base from combined classical triangulation SC42 to MOLDREF99 and vice versa was developed, using a new method of grid calculation and interpolation of Helmert transformation parameters. Case study in the central part of Moldova showed centimeters level accuracy of coordinate’s transformations from SC42 datum to MOLDREF99 and inverse.

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National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Ivan Danii,Viorica Mocreac,Maria Ovdii,Pavel Ivancenco,Dumitru Cotovici / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

This article introduces the results of investigation and implementation of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure at the central and local levels. Adjusted spatial data, metadata and services created in accordance with ISO/TC211 standard. Creation of an NSDI Geoportal at the national level, and publication of the metadata catalogue for spatial data sets and network services.

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Geo-Gravimetric Quasi-Geoid Determination over Romania

Author(s): Cătălin Erhan,Ileana Spiroiu,Radu Dan Nicolae Crișan,Neculai Avramiuc,Miluță Flueraș / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

The project of modelling a quasigeoid for the area of Romania will run in stages, based on the relative gravimetric measurements made on the area of every county, in gravimetric points from the 1st and 2nd order gravimetric network, GNSS and precision leveling measured checkpoints and also new designed points (determined with GNSS/RTK). “Remove-restore” algorithm will be used for compiling the geo-gravimetric quasigeoid, used prior in the pilot project of modelling a quasigeoid for Bucharest area and also the method of collocation/minimum curvature for generating the anomalies grid.In this article are presented the main activities that took place in 2016 for creating the pilot projects in three counties of Romania and the results obtained till now as well as the perspective for the next years.

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Contributions to the Developing of the Register of Addresses in Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Vasile Grama,Livia Nistor-Lopatenco,Andrei Iacovlev,Marin Prodan / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

An increase in cross-border economical and social relationship between RM and European Union puts a demand for easy access to the information of the national system of Addresses in order to facilitate the free movement of persons, capital and goods. In the same time the primary objective of creating the Register of Addresses is to create the address system on the RM having a unique identifier and ensure quality support for elections and all companies operating in the republic make use of this system. Developing the register include legal component and technical component based on geographic information technologies. In this article presents a comparative analysis of two approaches 1) using ArcGIS platform module "Attribute Assistant" and 2) Web GIS platform built on open source components MapServer, OpenLayers, PostGIS for collecting, integrating and operating with geospatial data.

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The Management of Water Supply System Using GIS Aplication

Author(s): Iustina Lateș,Mihail Luca / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

The issue of the management for water supply systems is increasingly important considering the continuous evolution of settlements. Water supply networks must be in line with requirements of consumer. The quality of services must be monitored using GIS applications. This applications must be effective, rapid and updated. Programs like Autocad and ArcMap follow to realize thematic maps of specific areas. By using these programs GIS applications are effective if you are working on layers of custom work on areas of structure and operation. Layers requires the attachment of databank with different characteristics parameters. Management of water supply networks is effective by integrating of all information relating to it in GIS applications. They are able to accomplish thematic maps, reports and mathematical models in a short time.

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Extraction of Tree Crowns and Heights Using LIDAR Data

Author(s): Casiana Marcu,Florian Stătescu,Nicoleta Violeta Iurist / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

Nowadays LIDAR data is widely used in different field and provides a good means to collect information on forest stands. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is active remote sensing which uses laser lights to strike features and record the reflected pulses to generate the 3D model of objects and offers another source of information for tree detection. This paper presents Inverse Watershed segmentation, a new method for tree detection, where individual trees are detected based on the densities of high points which distinctively separates crown centers from crown edges. This method treat raster like a watershed using focal flow to determine local maxima (tree heights) and watershed delineation (tree crowns).

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Fractal Analysis on Cartographic Documents of Black Sea

Author(s): Iulian Nichersu,Iuliana Nichersu / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

For a coherent understanding and interpretation due to evolving spatial-temporal dynamic complex interactions between human population and the Black Sea coast, it is needed to tackle by a transdisciplinary approach, theoretically by integrating a model framework of analysis for changes, transformations, trends and adjustments/identification of system understanding. Observed variations in coastal morphology on monthly to decadal timescales are often difficult to explain in terms of physical processes operating on shorter timescales. One reason could be that the morphology evolves to high-dimensional, self-organized states. Circumstantial evidence for this would be indicated by fractal distributions of the dynamical variables. Black Sea Coastal fractal analysis as nonlinear dynamical systems, consists of lengthy processes whose variability and diversity are essential for the stability and capacity support unit. This analysis does not overlook the implications map, taking into account the relationship between technology and capabilities, following the same principles. Coastal fractal analysis as nonlinear dynamical systems, consists of lengthy processes whose variability and diversity are essential for the stability and capacity support unit. This analysis does not overlook the implications map, taking into account the relationship between technology and capabilities, following the same principles.The problem of finding a set of indicators to illustrate the state of the Black Sea coast, is extremely important in this context and more complex if is desired in GIS. The concept of geographic information system of the Romanian coastline based on the idea of presenting to managers and the general public in the form of maps, sets of indicators status. Status indicators Map is an integration of sectoral indicators considered to illustrate the state of the area studied. In most cases sector indicators have equal weight in the production status indicator and in this case by fractal analysis can highlight the state of the coastal system. Through this paper we discuss the results of such analysis fractal.

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The Remotely Piloted Aircraft System for 3D Modelling of a Cultural Heritage Building

Author(s): Corina Daniela Paun,Valeria Ersilia Oniga,Petre Iuliu Dragomir,Maximilian Diac / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

The Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) has become in recent years increasingly used in more and more fields of activity (engineering, restoration, monitoring, environmental protection or journalism) providing an important source of data. This new technology, becomes a low-cost alternative to classical aerial photogrammetry. Commonly known as UAV or drones, these equipments have rotors or fixed wings and offers the possibility to acquire data with professional (DSRL) or compact (for amateurs) digital camera and can fly in manual, semi-automatic or autonomous modes. The sensor high quality, high battery autonomy lead to obtaining a dense point cloud with RGB values, used to create the 3D model of the desired objective. In this paper, the 3D model of a historic building was created as a point cloud and mesh surface, which were automatically generated based on the aerial image block acquired with a low-cost UAS, namely DJI Phantom 3 Standard. The image block was processed using the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm, combining the computer vision and photogrammetry.

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Considerations on Topographic Parameters of Rehabilitation Sewer Collectors

Author(s): Mihail Luca,Flaviu Aurel Cătălin Crețu,Cristian Florin Scripcariu / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

Sewerage collectors into operation a high degree of wear, which increases the flow section degradation. Decay most important processes occurring in the foundation plate collectors by processes of erosion or clogging. Rehabilitation sewerage collectors are distinguished by the geometric shape and dimensions of the cross section. Rehabilitation technology can alter the shape of the flow section and longitudinal slope default collector. To determine the functional parameters must be known collector slope created through rehabilitation. Determining slope is achieved by surveying. Surveying is customized according to the size of the collector (collectors visited, collecting non-visitable). To visitable sewer collectors can take measurements inside correlated with those outside the homes of visit. The non-visitable sewers can take measurements on the outside, inside homes to visit.

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