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UTILIZING LANDSAT-8 SENSOR OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGE DATA FOR HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION MAPPING WITHIN ANKA SCHIST BELT, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Author(s): Ibrahim Aliyu Kankara,Umaru Aliyu Ohinowi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Exploring for mineral deposits within the Anka Schist Belt involves the use of traditional geological techniques such as geochemical and geophysical studies that are very expensive and time consuming. There is therefore need for a better alternative that will provide accurate and reliable information with cost effective and time efficient solution. This effort seeks to explore the potential of remotely sensed digital data in highlighting mineralized zones through hydrothermal alteration studies. Landsat 8 OLI data covering the investigated area was used to detect and map locations of hydrothermal alterations. Image processing methods used were spectral enhancement, false colour composites, band rationing and Principal Component Analysis. Results of false colour composites of band 5: 7: 3 highlighted generally locations of hydrothermal alterations. Band ratios of 4/2, 6/7 and 6/5 revealed the presence of ferric iron minerals, clay rich minerals and ferrous minerals respectively. Principal Components (PCs) of two sets of images (2, 4, 5, 7 H-image and 2,5,6,7 F-image) depicting iron-oxide and hydroxyl mineral deposits as bright pixels were generated. Colour composite of H, F and H+F images enhanced the location of the mineral deposits, by showing areas of mineralization in dark blue (Fe rich), bright yellow (clay rich) and white (Fe and clay rich areas) pixels. Field coordinates of mining locations were superimposed on the remote sensing generated mineral map. The results were found to be in tune. This study recommends the use of remote sensing and geospatial technology in mineral studies through hydrothermal alteration within the basement complex rocks of Nigeria.

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Spatial Dimensions of Regional Innovativeness in Romania

Author(s): Szilárd Madaras ,Lehel Györfy / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

This paper contains the analysis of regional innovation performance in the NUTS 2 regions of Romania, based on the European Innovation Scoreboard evaluation for 2011 and 2019, and the identification of the most significant influencing factors of county-level R&D activity, for the 1997–2018 period. The Regional Innovation Index (RII) provides a profound characterization for Romanian regions regarding their innovation performance, which was studied using the GIS (Geographic Information System) methodology in relation with the regional R&D activity, GDP per capita, and entrepreneurship innovation. In the following, the Romanian R&D activity is analysed at the county level. The influencing factors of R&D expenditures and employment in Romanian counties were studied based on two panel regression models and using exogenous variables, for economic development, entrepreneurship, education, and infrastructure.

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Spatial Distribution of the Rural Development Programme in Relation to Population Retention between 2015 and 2019

Author(s): Csaba Szabó / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

The common agricultural policy accounts for more than 38% of the European Union’s budget. In the 2014–2020 cycle, 8.9 billion euros went in Hungary to the first pillar and 4.1 billion euros to the second pillar for rural development, the mobilization of which was coordinated by the Rural Development Programme. The second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy plays an important role in catching up with the lagging and depopulated Hungarian countryside. It serves key objectives such as sustainable environmental management, strengthening and diversifying the rural economy, or a fair standard of living. In my dissertation, I explore the territorial distribution of the payments of the rural development programme between 2015 and 2019 and how it affects unemployment and incomes.

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Research on the Topology of Earth Dam by using GNSS Technology

Author(s): Mihail Luca,Ioana Agapie (Mereuță) / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2022

Monitoring and assessment of the operational safety of hydrotechnical constructions made of earth and local materials requires geodetic measurements at specified intervals. Among these hydrotechnical constructions are the earth dams which have many negative events. A high percent of accidents in Romania occur at small earth dams. Monitoring the topology of earth dams is done by classical geodetic methods. But, in recent times, new technologies have emerged to track the topology of earth dams, of which GNSS technology stands out. Research conducted with GNSS technology, to monitor the geometric parameters of a dam in the Moldova area, has highlighted the reliability of the method by the accuracy of the results and reduced working time. Fild research conducted at the Podisu Dam in Iasi county, in conjunction with documentary studies on the evolution over time of the topology of the earth dam showed important changes with an influence on the stability of the construction. Interpretation of the data obtained by measurements showed a change in the geometric shape in the horizontal plane and in cross sections. The method of measurements performed using two GNSS receivers was used in the research.

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Considerations on the Use of Geodetic and Satellite Methods in the Study and Monitoring of Building Behaviour

Author(s): Gheorghe Nistor,Cristian Onu,Irinel Constantin Greșiță,Dan Pădure,Maximilian Diac / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2022

Two groups of methods are being used during the complex process of studying the behavior of the buildings: physical and geometrical methods. Within the first group of methods, the setting up of the instruments is made directly inside of the studied building moving thus together with the latter and revealing this the relative values of the deformations. The second group containes the geodetic and photogrammetric methods by whose mean we are determinating the position of some fixed points of the buildings, with reference to the immobile points which are positioned around the building, being this able to obtain the absolute values of the de formations and displacements of the considered building. The use of the geodetic and photogrammetric methods do not exclude the use of the physical methods, more than they are strongly related and completing one another. Within this paper are made some considerations concening the use of the geodetic methods for studying the behaviour of the buildings, presenting the fact that these methods are representing a fundamental system within the experimental and in situ studying process, and that these methods cannot be replaced. Due to the high precision of the measurements and estimating of the accuracy of the results, the geodetic methods ensure the obtaining of the most realiable values of the parameters characterising the state of stress and deformations of the buildings.

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Problem Based Learning vs Challenge Based Learning in Geodetic Engineering

Author(s): Ana Cornelia Badea,Gheorghe Badea,Aurel Florentin Cătălin Negrilă,Petre Iuliu Dragomir / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2022

In this article we propose a comparative approach of what Challenge Based Learning vs Problem Based Learning means, as well as examples of the possibilities already applied in the Geodetic Engineering Domain, at master's and doctorate level. The CBL concept is analyzed from the perspective of creating a real link with market actors, public or private entities. The strong and weak points of CBL are identified from this perspective. A feasible work flow is identified, which leads to a win-win collaboration between universities and relevant actors.

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Classifying LiDAR Point Cloud Using Bentley Microstation Terrasolid and ArcGIS Pro Software Products

Author(s): Anca Patricia Grădinaru,Ana Cornelia Badea,Petre Iuliu Dragomir / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2022

In order to obtain accurate 3D City Models, some of the most important steps are geospatial data acquisition and the processing of this data. Aerial laser scanning (LiDAR-Light Detection and Ranging) is one of the most used methods of data acquisition and the main concern is classifying the point cloud in order to assign a class to each point. The classes of interest for 3D city models are the ground, buildings and possibly the high vegetation class which may interfere with the buildings. In this article, we aimed to highlight the main steps that are necessary to classify LiDAR point clouds. We chose two software products, one developed by Bentley – Microstation Terrasolid Suite and the second by Esri – ArcGIS Pro.

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Monitoring the Stability of Earthdams using Local Geodetic Networks

Author(s): Ioana Agapie (Mereuță),Mihail Luca,Paul Marian Gherasim / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

Monitoring the behavior of earth dams over time requires that they be permanently equipped with their own tools and control points. Monitoring is performed according to the importance category of the objective, control parameters, but also the specific conditions of the location. The paper presents a modern way of tracking structural deformations in the case of earth dams, owned by private owners, in order to assess their operational safety. The article presents three earth dams of different categories of importance (B, C and D), to analyze how to monitor each objective. The main study area is represented by the Piscicola Podișu accumulation located on the Valea Oii river in Iași county. For the location of the earth dam, measurements were made for the creation and monitoring of the local geodetic network. The network consists of reference points (S1, S2), station points (B1, B2, B3, B4) and control points (P1-P11) located on the studied dam. The way of working involved several stages. In the first stage, the site recognition and the monitoring requirements of the dam stability parameters were performed. In the second stage, the conditions for carrying out the measurements for drawing up the situation plan and designing the geodetic monitoring network were analyzed. In the third stage, measurements were performed for the design of a local GNSS geodetic network. The purpose of this paper is to design and analyze GNSS measurements in the monitoring of earth dams with modern technologies.

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Geospatial Data Integration using GIS-CAD Software

Author(s): Steliana Mariana Gogoașă / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

In the technological age, computerization becomes a key factor, both in the rationalization of the work schedule and in the provision of services and information, factors that help to achieve as efficiently as possible the ongoing projects. GIS technology is increasingly becoming a necessity for a number of companies and institutions working with geospatial data. CAD projects are also currently helping to develop each industrial sector with more accurate data, depending on their requirements, including architectural and construction companies, installation management, utilities. These two technologies, viewed in a unitary way, largely complement the need for information when drawing up a work plan. From this point of view, it is quite clear from the last few years that the interconnection of GIS and CAD data demonstratively improves the operability and elimination of errors at the level of projects of great importance, and not only. In this article it is aimed to highlight how to use and integrate 2D and 3D data with the help of GIS-CAD technologies. It was chosen a dataset related to the cadastral plan of the intravilan of Ceamurlia de Jos, Tulcea county, a dataset that was imported into GIS and CAD software products.

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Studies on the Real-Time Monitoring of Gura Apelor Dam

Author(s): Iustina Gabriela Ignat (Ștefan),Mihail Luca / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

This thesis presents a modern monitoring model of the geodetic parameters specific to dams made of earth and rock. The monitoring of dam components movements in the horizontal plane is currently carried out by the micro-triangulation method. The optimization of the monitoring process geometrical parameters for water accumulations dams requires the use of modern equipment and technologies. They allow a faster retrieval of data and its immediate processing with high-performance analysis programs. This reduces the time between measuring the formation and making the intervention decision. The studies and researches carried out have indicated the development and application of a real-time monitoring system of the geometrical parameters at Gura Apelor dam. The proposed monitoring system uses a set of modern equipment including Leica Nova TM50 total stations, 360° prisms and GNSS antennas. The monitoring equipment is supplied with sensors for atmospheric information for the correction of measurements.

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Standardization of Digital Site Plans in Poland

Author(s): Igor Tarłowski,Agnieszka Zwirowicz-Rutkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

At the turn of the analogue and digital era in archaeology, in Poland, the earlier forms are still dominant. The National Institute of Cultural Heritage (NID in Polish) sets out the general rules for the development of site plans, which are the part of the archaeological field work documentation. However, NID does not define standards for the development of plans with the use of geoinformation technology. The paper presents some aspects of a digital site plan elaboration. The goal is also to demonstrate how to implement the solution in a Geographical Information System (GIS) application, using the example of QGIS software. On one hand, the solution proposed in this study is in line with the Polish archaeological nomenclature and gives the possibility to take into account data dependencies between sites located in different parts of the country. On the other hand, the proposed system of raw material and found codes may also be used to analyze concepts and phenomena covering an area beyond current national borders (e.g. the Amber Route based on fossil resin from the Baltic region). The description of the proposed archaeological site data model in Unified Modelling Language notation creates great implementation capabilities in any GIS and Database Management System environments. Standardization in the area of digital archaeological documentation and the use of common data structures may extend the possibilities of analysis and interpretation of research results both in the micro (e.g., urban) and macro scale (e.g., international).

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Consumption of Cereals and Pulses in Tribal’s of North-Western Part in Nashik District, Maharashtra (India): Study With the Use of GIS

Author(s): Dnyaneshwar. S. Suryawanshi,Asha M. Kate / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Nutrition depends on diet, which consists of various articles of food. Hence, balanced and nutritious food is the most important single factor in connection with attainment and maintenance of health [1]. An individual’s health is largely determined by nutrition, and it is determined by diet, which consists of a variety of food items. A total of 115 villages were chosen, and 23 villages from the list of (ITDP) villages were randomly chosen in each tehsil (administrative unite in India). By using a probability proportional to the size of the various tribes, a total of 10 households from each chosen village were covered. For this reason, households in each village were divided into groups based on tribe and the necessary numbers of households (HH) from each tribe were included in the survey. The total amount of share in terms of weightage of assuming food item was calculated and using the allocated weightage. As a result, eating a well-balanced and healthy diet is the single most significant element in achieving and maintaining good health of an individual depends largely on nutrition. Tribal populations are malnourished and as a result of food deficiencies, they are at risk of developing dietary deficiency diseases.

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Considerations Regarding the Performance of the Systematic Cadastre. Case Study Horlesti Municipality, Iasi County

Author(s): Ioana Agapie (Mereuță),Mihail Luca,Paul Marian Gherasim / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

The systematic registration of lands in the integrated cadastre and land register system (PNCCF) is essential to ensure a correct record of all properties in the territory of Romania. This has a major impact in the correct determination of the surfaces and in the same time the taxes related to each property. Also, technical and legal problems that arise in the civil circuit of real estate are solved. The paper presents a series of problems that complicate the process of sporadic real estate registration within the each UAT. To exemplify, as a case study, the situation of the territory of Horlesti municipality in Iasi county is presented. The main areas studied are the extravillage agricultural lands, but also the lands that are the object of local infrastructure development projects. According to a statistic of the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registry (ANCPI), until September 2022, systematic registration works were completed for 153 UATs representing 4.5% of the total of municipality on the territory of the country. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the need to involve administrative and legislative factors in the implementation of the systematic registration of real estate properties in the most constructive way.

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Urban Road Inventory – Challenges and Solutions – Timișoara Case Study

Author(s): Emil Cristian Gabor,George Cristian,Mihai Mircea Moise / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

Present article examines the Urban Road Inventory, a much-needed data infrastructure required for good local governance, right of way, traffic studies, urban development, asset management, etc. Raised challenges are examined and solutions are suggested starting from an ongoing project for road inventory of Timișoara municipality. A technology mix of mobile mapping, very high-resolution satellite imagery, open data and Geographic Information Systems is considered and assessed for producing data with high density and quality.

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Theoretical Substantiation of the Strategy of Major Renovation of Collective Housing Buildings in the Urban Area

Author(s): Izabella Marin Lazăr / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

The new social phenomenon of associations of people converted into prosumers (on grid) is analyzed in terms of energy efficiency. The consequences of promoting the quality of prosumers for CRB (current representative building) (especially in urban areas) and for RRB (renovated representative buildings) (which have benefited from thermal renovation) are analyzed. The real purpose of the associations is to reduce the costs of energy utilities (and not only) and to benefit to a small extent from the electricity consumed in the building. It is demonstrated, on the basis of dynamic simulation of the energy response of buildings to climate and anthropogenic requirements, that converting CRB buildings exclusively into prosumers with no other purpose than minimizing utility costs keeps the energy and environmental performance of buildings away from the quality of nZEB buildings. On the other hand, the transformation of renovated RRB into nZEB buildings is ensured by equipping them with photovoltaic solar panels and thus acquiring the quality of prosumer.

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The Object of the Cadastral Registration Process

Author(s): CORNELIA ŞOIMU,Ion Botnarenco,Ludmila Ciugureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

Under the influence of the need to raise the level of protection of land rights, the cadastral process, including land registration, merged into the "Cadastral registration process". Starting with this period of development of society, land right is indispensable (inseparable) from the cadastral system, from land measurements (cadastral), from the necessity of its protection. Cadastral registration in cadastre content becomes a "mechanism" for achieving the purpose of cadastre – protection of property rights. But ownership may be limited by restrictions and subject to responsibilities. So, the protection of cadastral registration (objects) spreads not only to property rights, but also to restrictions and responsibilities.

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Adaptation of Railway Mobility Systems to Current Needs through Topo-Geodesic Techniques

Author(s): Ioana Aurica Berindeie,Ioan Ienciu,Luciana Oprea / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

The remarkable evolution of society requires the adaptation of the existing transport systems, simultaneously with the modernization of the transport infrastructure. This activity becomes imperative to meet the new demands of the population, especially in terms of urban mobility. The object of this study is actually the use of topographical techniques in urban mobility projects, serving both road and rail traffic.These projects not only respond to the needs of urban mobility, but also redefine the topographic configuration of cities, optimizing vehicular flow and facilitating complex interactions between relief and infrastructure.

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The Methodological Role of the Sustainable Use of Property Resources

Author(s): Ludmila Ciugureanu,Ion Botnarenco / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2023

The protection and sustainable use of natural resources as a whole is currently a major problem. The methodological role in solving the problem of sustainable land use has a considerable influence, because it contains processes, methods to combat erosion, to improve and restore degraded lands, to preserve and increase soil fertility, to combat environmental pollution. These methods guide us to implement the land management project according to a consecutiveness and dependence between them with social, economic, ecological content.

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GIS Modeling for Volumetric Analysis of Aggregates Extracted from a Quarry

Author(s): Ioana Aurica Berindeie,Luciana Oprea,Tudor Borșan / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2023

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are essential in volumetric calculations due to their ability to manipulate and analyze complex spatial data. In the context of quarry operations and aggregate extraction, GIS provides a feasible framework for collecting, managing, and analyzing data used in volume calculations. By utilizing GIS tools, it is possible to accurately assess the volumes of materials extracted from various quarry areas, thereby facilitating efficient planning of operations and sustainable resource management.Optimal quarry management is crucial to avoid depletion of natural resources, minimize negative environmental impact, and ensure the sustainability of extraction activities. GIS analyses within the quarrying domain assist in resource assessment, identification of sustainable extraction practices, and appropriate management of the impact on local ecosystems.

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Efficiency in Interpolation with MATLAB and Related Programs for Advanced Topographic Analyses

Author(s): Ioana Aurica Berindeie / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2023

Exploring the vast field of topography, careful monitoring of contour levels and the application of point interpolation methods are two essential practices with significant implications in the field of terrain survey and geospatial data analysis. These activities become the foundations providing the possibility to give the topographic basis in the realization and evaluation of different engineering constructions or in a given surveyed area.In this context, contour monitoring and point interpolation are not just technical activities, but become key tools for urban planning, spatial planning and geological study. These practices bring significant benefits in understanding and assessing terrain, supporting decision-making processes in a variety of fields, from infrastructure projects to geographic and topographic surveys. Thus, in a surveying context, these techniques become not only essential, but also the driving force behind accuracy and efficiency in the exploration and understanding of complex land.

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