4.50 €
Preview
Around the Bloc: Ancient Monuments Mapped on Kazakh Steppe
Giant designs traced out by earth mounds could be thousands of years old.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Giant designs traced out by earth mounds could be thousands of years old.
More...
This paper discusses the challenges to a wider access to archival cartographic materials. The aim of the study is to present and evaluate the preparation of historical maps for presentation in geoportals. The authors use the example of two maps from the early twentieth century, without information on the spatial relations, to trace the course of their processing into a form that allows them to be published in spatial data structures. The descriptions of subsequent stages include theoretical and practical aspects of the procedure. Particular attention was paid to the factors affecting the accuracy of spatial fit that affects the ability to use them further.
More...
The paper demonstrates how the role of GIS is understood in science. It presents the discussion, known as the GIS-L debate, which took place in 1993. The most important results of this discussion were presented in Wright, Goodchild and Proctor (1997). Present understanding of the future of GIS has been given by Goodchild (2010). Against the background of the results of these discussions the authors present their own experience in using GIS and show how GIS science is understood in Poland.
More...
The present article deals with problems of the practical application of spatio-temporal databases in geo-historical studies. Research practice – besides the indisputable advantages of applying database tools for analysis of historical data – also includes the significant problems of uncertainty, incompleteness and lack of precision of historical sources. These features, as well as the subjectivism (interpretability) of should be taken into account while building historical geographical information systems. Existing solutions consider to only a small extent the properties of the research process appropriate to historical geography. One of the solutions suggested in the present article is a division of a database structure into two interrelated schemes: a source scheme and a critical scheme. Historical information thus gathered becomes easily accessible for secondary interpretation (the source scheme). The critical scheme of the database, which is collectively constructed by historians, engineering ontologists and specialists in database modelling, should consider both the event and the process character of historical phenomena as well as the complex characteristics of spatio-temporal objects (the dispute between endurantists and perdurantists).
More...
This paper presents methods of GIS data transformations in order to acquire analyticsmodels. These models are mainly based on topology rules and are visualized as graphs.Using cadastral maps model of road network datasets and parcel accessibility wasdeveloped. It may be applied in network analysis. When they are visualized as graphs,cadastral structures are exposed. Parts of graphs with stellate shape indicates regularstructure of plots.
More...
The paper analyzes crisis situations solved by The Fire Rescue Service of the South Moravian Region (FRS) in the city of Brno during 24 weeks between 7th April 2013 and 20th September 2013. The article deals briefly with all FRS actions and then focuses on fires. The open-access database of FRS is used for analysis. It is accessed from a database of the innovative web application StreetAlert, which allows users to learn about current fire brigade actions in the specified distance from the mobile phone. The data are processed in PostgreSQL and then spatial analysis is performed using the most detailed administrative division of the city - basic settlement units. As this division of urban space is used also in the most recent Czech census (2011), it is possible to use sociodemographic statistical data for comparison. The article identifies spatial regularities in the distribution of fires, describes the structure of the fires in terms of the type of event (fires of waste, fires of grass and forest, fires of buildings), discovers their possible dependence on the specific characteristics of urban space, finds potentially dangerous places (kernel density analysis), draws valid conclusions applicable to similar settlements, and shows the possible use of the data for local government. The main benefit of the research lies in revealing the spatial distribution of the examined phenomena.
More...
The review of: -A középkori Európa atlasza (Atlas of Medieval Europe) by Donald Matthew; Budapest: Helikon Kiadó, 1989, 244 pp. -The Times Atlasz. Világtörténelem (The Times Atlas of World History) by Donald Matthew; Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1992, 370 pp. -Történelmi Világatlasz (World History Atlas) by Donald Matthew; Budapest: Kartográfiai Vállalat, 1991, 237 pp.
More...
Spatial autocorrelation may be defined as the relationship among values of a single variable that comes from the geographic arrangement of the areas in which these values occur. It measures the similarity of objects within an area, the degree to which a spatial phenomenon is correlated to itself in space, the level of interdependence between the variables, the nature and strength of the interdependence, i.e. spatial autocorrelation is an assessment of the correlation of a variable in reference to spatial location of the variable. Assess if the values are interrelated, and if so is there a spatial pattern to the correlation, i.e. is there spatial autocorrelation. Spatial autocorrelation tools test whether the observed value of a variable at one locality is independent of values of the variable at neighboring localities. Spatial autocorrelation may be classified as either positive or negative. Positive spatial autocorrelation has all similar values appearing together, while negative spatial autocorrelation has dissimilar values appearing in close association. map. When no statistically significant spatial autocorrelation exists, the pattern of spatial distribution is considered random. Spatial autocorrelation can be measured on local and global level. This study presents both of these measures and illustrates them on a practical example.
More...
In this work the author deals with the question of frontiers in Istria in special view of marks with which they were signed on the ground, from the prehistory to the end of 18th century. He emphasized the importance of Survey of Istrian Land Boundaries as the most important medieval document about that question which considerably determined border-problems in succeeding periods also. A special part of this paper is dedicated to the descriptions of single contentious points all along the Venetian-austrian borderline in the Modern Age, where the stone boundaries survived up to the present day, documented by the author in numerous photographies and other contributions made during his fieldwork. The Venetian-austrian controversies along the Istrian frontiers stopped only in the 1797, when the Republic of Venice disappeared.
More...
This paper considers the possibility of developing astro-tourism in small countries such as Serbia and other Balkan countries, with "discreet" astro-tourism reduced to naked-eye astronomy as part of mass tourism rather than elite tourism that is realized through specialized programs with spacecraft and space stations, spectacular planetariums and observatories with giant telescopes. The specific relationship between the virtual and the real world is highlighted in this paper especially when considering younger generations. Furthermore, the differences in the way stars are perceived by astronomers and "ordinary" tourists or non-astronomers is also emphasized. Tourists are not enchanted by celestial bodies themselves, but by a complete scene, which consists of integrated skyscapes and landscapes, as a complex stage where in various combinations and forms these celestial bodies are observed, and of their own experience. These complex sky-earth landscapes, astro-landscapes, present astro-tourism resources of the small countries like Serbia, provided that a tourist can "read" their astronomical text. In this regard, Belgrade was used as the example for drafting a "package" of astronomical information that can be easily prepared and adapted according to the needs of a particular group, so that every tourist may know what can be seen, where and when. With the help of a rotating star map (planisphere), visitors may observe the sky with the naked eye.
More...
Due to its tangible character, the built environment constitutes a lasting evidence of past and present socio-economic phenomena. In Poland, these phenomena were developing for several decades according to the principles of Marxist ideology and its consequences. As a result, the built environment in Polish urban and rural areas was shaped by Marxist concepts and the resulting realities of centrally planned economy. Multi-family housing projects, vast and neglected post-industrial areas and monotonous, styleless buildings in rural areas are the main remnants of the period of what was known as "real socialism". The effects of Marxism on the built environment in Poland are mostly negative in economic and social terms, and the efforts to eliminate these effects often fail to improve the situation. Therefore, the legacy of Marxism in Polish space will still be visible for many years to come .
More...
The relief of the Carpathians has the features of a polygenic and polychronic landscape. On polygenesis, we may talk in a double context. The young forms are developing at the present time by cooperation of various processes (mainly erosion of flowing water, piping and gravitational movements). The fundamental forms of the existing mountain relief were created usually in the distant past under varying tectonic and climatic conditions. The inherited relief has been preserved depending on the resistance of bedrock being permanently adapted to changing conditions. Particularly distinct markers of that adaptation in the Carpathians were left by the last glacial-interglacial cycle.
More...
Forested hill slopes in the Sudetes have been long considered as a stable geomorphic environment, typified by landforms and cover deposits inherited from the periglacial environment. The results of recent research show that such an extreme view is no longer tenable. Slopes under forest are continuously shaped by coexisting denudational (mass movements, surface wash, through flow, soil creep) and biogeomorphological processes (tree throw and detachment of root plates). Some processes operate on a permanent basis, others are episodic and are triggered by extreme weather events such as heavy rains and strong wind. They also differ in terms of the spatial scale of occurrence. Creep, through flow and tree throw affect large parts of hill slopes whereas particle fall and debris flow have highly localized nature. New landforms due to Holocene processes are mainly pit-and-mound associations, resultant from tree fall and decay of root plates. New generations of cover deposits have come into being, whereas the structure of Pleistocene deposits is subject to alteration due to bio- and pedoturbations. An important role is played by human interference, with linear erosion on bare surfaces of roads and logging tracks being particularly significant.
More...
The structure, texture and age of the sediments of the higher (5–12 m) terrace of the Kamionka river between Suchedniów and Rejów are presented. These horizontal and cross-bedded sandy-gravel channel alluvia were accumulated by a braided river during the end of the Wartanian stadial (TL datings: 127–119 ka). Their grain size and structure differ in the wide and narrow sections of the valley, which was caused by changes of flow energy and differentiation of sedimentological fluvial subenvironments. Alluvia were covered by very coarse colluvia in the gap section. Dunes formed on top of the terrace in the Vistulian (climatic factor) and the last centuries (anthropogenic factor).
More...
The article presents the results of grain size, quartz grain roundness analysis and OSL datings, differing in origin and age of the Quaternary deposits (aeolian, fluvial, fluvioglacial) occurring in the archaeological sites in the southern part of the Tarnogród Plateau. The dune sediments in the Kalników-Zagrebla site of a thickness of 1.2 m are characterized by the domination of fine grains with the mean diameter Mz=2.9 phi. Such fine sediments are unusual in the Late Glacial dunes in the Sandomierz Basin. The deposition of the dune was dated by the OSL to the Younger Dryas. The dunes are underlain by fine sands with thin gravel horizons of fluvioglacial origin, which represent the redeposited sediments according to quartz grain roundness analysis. The terrace of the Wisznia River 6–8 m above the river channel is built of horizontally bedded fine sands, which form the natural levees on the terrace surface. Structural features and the distribution of grain size parametres indicate, that sands were accumulated in the proximal part of the floodplain. An analysis of the silty-sandy sediments covering the plateau around the hill-fort rampart from the Celtic Period in Chotyniec site, excluded their weathering origin and proved their aeolian genesis.
More...
The article presents the comparison of the geochemical composition and the degree of chemical weathering between two Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences of SE and SW Poland. The results of major element (Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, P) and geochemical index (CIA, Ti/Al, K/Al, Mg/Ca, K/Ca, Na/K oraz Si/Al) analyses indicate stratigraphical and spatial differentiation between sequences. The stratigraphic differentiation is connected with palaeoclimatic conditions which control the intensity of pedogenesis. The spatial variability may be attributed to different climatic conditions during the deposition of loess, the loess recycling process, or even to different source areas. The disproportion between the thicknesses of the loess covers can also be important. It can affect the rainwater infiltration effect.
More...
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy dziejów Śląska, regionu historycznego położonego w Europie Środkowej. Omówiono w nim zagadnienia związane z Systemami Informacji Geo-Historycznej (HGIS), które wykorzystują Systemy Informacji Geograficznej (GIS) w perspektywie czasowej. Termin GIS wiązany jest zwykle z narzędziami programowymi i metodami przetwarzania danych przestrzennych oraz ich wykorzystaniem w procesach decyzyjnych. Taka interpretacja podkreśla pochodzenie skrótu: systemy informacji geograficznej. W środowisku akademickim używanie jest jednak także inne, szersze pojęcie – geoinformatyka. Czy narzędzie łączące pewne aspekty geografii, nauki o Ziemi i technologii informatycznych może służyć do analiz historycznych? Istnieje wiele odpowiedzi na to pytanie, a jedna z nich została zaprezentowana w niniejszym artykule. Główny pomysł rozwiązania postawionego problemu badawczego opiera się na wykorzystaniu charakterystycznych funkcji GIS: geokodowania i kartograficznej wizualizacji w kontekście historycznym. Zostały one przetestowane na przykładzie realizacji wybranych geoprzestrzennych usług sieciowych: mapowej i gazetera. Przystosowano je specjalnie do potrzeb analiz zmienności geopolitycznego krajobrazu Śląska. Głównym celem serwisu jest dostarczanie użytkownikowi map w danej skali, zakresie przestrzennym i czasowym oraz treści. Wdrożony prototyp serwisu mapowego wykorzystano do wizualizacji historycznych zjawisk dotyczących map Śląska. Gazeter jest słownikiem lub katalogiem terminów i nazw z odniesieniami przestrzennymi, który poprzez interfejs WWW dostarcza informacji na temat miejsc, często wzbogaconych o atrybuty opisowe. Narzędzie omówione w niniejszym artykule oferuje powiązanie historycznych nazw miejscowych Śląska z ich geometrią i innymi parametrami zapytania użytkownika.
More...
City planning is a complex task and through this work we face the space and natural resources that expose the exploitation (that are to be exploited and prone to unsustainable change). Often without environmental responsibility and the imperative of creating certain measures we make superstructure no matter how much the environment may be disrupted, and whether such relationships create a better society, better network of urban settlements and a better man. At that may also affect our knowledge which is often due to a variety of doctrines and legislative regulations that are applied in the planning and management space. From this it can be seen that modern architecture did not contribute to the creation of better cities. Also, urban planning is mainly restricted to the regulation and it neglected the creative action, regional-planning is lost in theoretical research, while the consideration of the whole problem is abandoned. In addition to this, in today’s transitional terms and the domineering (dominant) urban crisis unsustainable combination and identification of the “2D” and the “3D” terminology is recognizable, which is only indicators that in the field of urban planning some transitional trends are prevailing. This unsustainable state of affairs in the transitional planning of urban areas can be applied in the most suitable way to pseudo-urbanization, sub-urbanization, unbalanced eco-reciprocity, non-standard construction of the urban tissue, discontinuity inherited and newly constructed urban substance. In this regard, consequently expressed negative environmental legacy of reproduction and the increased effect of the negative consequences of greenhouse gases from the threatening climate change, only shows that urban planners are not sinless and, they more or less (un)consciously complicit and participate in the contamination of urban and environment. In the end, it definitely guides us to the need to leave or transformation of the previous concept of planning and urbanization, which of us greatly and led to today's threatening effects of greenhouse gases. On this bases the need to articulate the sustainable integrative concept can be recognized with a high degree of urban eco-awareness, knowledge and skills of all professions that participate in the planning and construction of sustainable eco-urban development built environment.
More...
Hazardous waste management system as a separate segment includes the transportation of hazardous waste, which specifically includes transportation from the place of its origin to the place of storage, treatment or final disposal. This function includes all forms of transport, but experience has shown that the most used one is a road traffic, which also carries an extremely high risk of possible occurrence of accident and endangering the local community, material resources and environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish control over transport option, and the risk too, which is achieved by conducting risk assessments and then selecting the optimal transport routes. In each of these phases GIS has found its major application, enabling operation with different types of data, a simplified procedure of multi-criteria analysis and a clear visual representation of the received results.
More...
Since the adoption of the Planning and Construction Law, 2003., started the producing of the series of spatial plans, among which the most dominant position have the spatial plans of municipalities. Legal obligation and, less frequently, the understanding of the necessity of adopting and implementing this type of plan, contributed to the fact that they are made today in the most cases. Compliance with the procedures of making the local (municipal) spatial plan is an assumption to his adoption, while its implementation is left to the decision makers at the local level and capacities that local self-governments has. In order to implement the plan as much as possible, necessary is to prescribe the clear measures and instruments for his realization and to define the precise implementation mechanisms that will contribute to his implementation. For this reason this paper aims to highlight some examples of the past practice in making the planning documentation and to point out some problems in their implementation that may occur due to a different understanding of the municipal spatial plan importance and his implementation mechanisms. The intention is to emphasis the strategic component of the municipal spatial plan and its developmental importance, in relation to the technical and regulatory dimension that such kind of a document has and which can be often found in practice through the insistence on the rules of planning and construction as the only implementation mechanisms.
More...