Географические карты в борьбе с противником накануне и в годы Первой мировой войны

Author(s): Vladimir Ilyich Bayandin,Andrey Vladimirovitch Zaporozhchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article discusses the role and significance of different types of domestic and foreign printed propaganda used by the European powers during the World War I. The authors emphasize the key role of Great Britain in information warfare against Germany and the response of the German command in order to neutralize British influence on feelings and outlook of their population. The examples of impact of different printed propaganda materials on the general public in the frontline area and in the rear of the enemy are provided. The main attention is paid to significant emphasis the combatant countries placed on creating and distributing vivid map caricatures, easily understandable by broad population and playing an important role in shaping enemy’s public opinion. The review and the analysis of some most widespread map caricatures of the World War I are presented. The methods applied to the Russian prisoners of war held in German camps are outlined.

Varna İlinde İsmi Değiştirilen Türkçe Yerleşme Adları

Author(s): Beycan Hocaoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

Toponymy is a useful and important tool for the national states in order to legitimize their territorial existence and occupation. Bulgaria, such like other newly founded national states in Balkan Peninsula throughout the 19th century, has begun to change the toponyms which indeed signify to the evidence of the long lasting Turkish – Ottoman existence in the region. Today, it is almost impossible to trace back settlements according to their Turkish original names through contemporary maps and official records, yet various Turkish place names are still in Turkish social memory and historical records. The main aim of this study is to create a map of the settlements in the nineteenth-century Bulgarian province of Varna and to identify and indicate their original names.

NJENO NEŽNO LICE

Author(s): Vladimir Marko / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 439/2006

Kozmas iz Aleksandrije je živeo u šestom veku. O njemu se zna vrlo malo, a opet, dovoljno da bismo grubo skicirali njegov životopis. Kako se čini, on ukazuje na prirodu punu protivrečnosti. Većinu života je proveo na putovanjima, kao trgovac. Prema podacima koji su nam dostupni i koje možemo rekonstruisati iz njegovih sačuvanih rukopisa, kao moreplovac je obišao i video skoro ceo tadašnji svet. Plovio je Crvenim morem, prošao je kraj zapadne obale Indije, putovao je sve dole do Cejlona i Zanzibara. Poslovi su ga vodili od trgova Abisinije do Skotije, na sasvim drugom kraju sveta. Na svojim bogatim putovanjima detaljno je vodio beleške o područjima kojima se kretao. Vlastitim očima video je narode, ljude, biljke, kao i razne zveri, žirafe, slonove i jednoroge – nesagledivo mnoštvo toga o čemu su njegovi savremenici jedva mogli sanjati ili čuti. Ova, za njegovo doba neobična i široka iskustva, bila su razlog zbog kojeg je uz njegovo ime bilo pridodano Indikopleustes – onaj što plovi do Indije.

Funkcjonowanie regionalnego transportu kolejowego w województwie zachodniopomorskim w latach 2005-2015

Author(s): Sebastian Wojtkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The analysis was concerning the number of trains per day on particular sections of railway lines, timing availabilityof regional trains departing from Szczecin and the quantity of passengers, whitch had been transported in the year of 2014.Transport accessibility by the regional trains during the period of study has significantly improved in terms of travel time,number of connections and quality of rolling stock. The analysis of passengers stream shows that regional rail traffic isconcentrated around the city of Szczecin and in the minor amount around the city of Koszalin. Changes in regional railwaytransport in the voivodeship were consistent, that is: rolling stock and modernization of routes had influenced on the positivechange in the functioning of public transport in the region. In the year of 2015, West Pomeranian regional rail transport wasone of the best performing in Poland.

Transport kolejowy w obsłudze gmin we wschodniej części pogranicza polsko-czeskiego

Author(s): Mateusz Smolarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Czech-polish borderland is characterised by high railway transport development. But there are significant differences,which affect on disproportions between two regions. Border regions show similar demographic and economic potential.In paper will be made analysis of railway transport services between municpilaties headquaters; researches are based onpotential model, efficiency indicator and analysis of railway transport offer. Also will be made attempt to compare level ofdevelopment in local and regional scale. Transformation in Poland cause significant decrease of regional railway importance. InCzech Repubic local railways are essential component of transit system. In paper will be show biggest disproportions in transitdevelopment.

CONTEMPORARY ATLASES OF SERBIA

Author(s): Mirčeta Vemić,Suzana Lović Obradović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

There are a number of publications under the title ‘Atlas of Serbia’, but few of them are real atlases, i.e. cartographic works in the traditional sense of the word. In the last century, a small number of geographical, geological, historical, linguistic and other atlases were published for Serbia individually or in the Yugoslav state, and there has not been any larger, complex, synthetic atlas belonging to the category of national atlases. At the beginning of this century, cartographic activity in the country ceased to be a state monopoly, which has resulted in certain progress in the production of atlases, but they have mostly been made by foreign licenses, and only in some cases with certain complements, or with modest attempts on independent work. This paper refers to analysis of conditions and production of the atlas of Serbia at the turn of centuries, as well as needs and opportunities of developing new atlases, including the development of the national atlas of Serbia.

ТЕМАТСКЕ КАРТЕ У ФУНКЦИЈИ ПРИВРЕДНОГ РАЗВОЈА СРБИЈЕ СА ОСВРТОМ НА НЕРАЗВИЈЕНА ПОДРУЧЈА

Author(s): Mirčeta Vemić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2009

Cartographic research of some territory, whether it is about a state, region or municipality, represents the concrete support for various analyses, estimations, projections and interventions in space. For some countries in certain period of development, the making of maps represented political activity of the highest state significance, and all with the aim of faster economic development and progress of the country, which is supported by many examples. In the recent times, out of such scientific and social needs and aims, thematic maps developed as a special form of applied maps. In relation to the traditional general–geographic maps, these maps are made by different methodology, in such a way that new thematic layers of the contents are added on the topographic or geographic basis. Different spatial and urban projects and plans are similarly made.Serbia, after the Berlin Congress, paid attention to cartographic research of the territory. With that aim, it educated personnel out of the country, and Cvijic was one of them. He had notable cartographic contribution as well as great scientific influence on other institutions of the country that were in cartography. However, even above significant cartographic projects achieved in the 20th century, Serbia still failed to keep up with the European countries, especially when it was thematic maps about, which directly influenced the economic development of the country. Little better results were noted in the field of spatial and urban planning. As undeveloped areas concerned, it has been obvious from the analysis of this paper that such documentation was partly made and dated earlier. There is an objective need to open many economic, demographic, cultural and ecological projects of the making of thematic maps, which would give new impulse to the economic development of the country.

OBJECTIVE AND INTENTIONAL ERRORS ON MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL MAPS OF SERBIA AND SURROUNDINGS

Author(s): Mirčeta Vemić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

The paper analyses the occurrence and the major causes of objective, as well as intentional errors that can be perceived in maps of Serbia and its surroundings over a period of more than one hundred years, when this branch of cartography has manifested visible growth and results. In this respect, the scope and the character of objective,unintentional errors, mostly due to a lack of proper technique and technology for gathering data, gradually decreased over time. These errors were the object of constant professional scrutiny and scientific research, and were not often repeated as a result. On the other hand,intentional errors, which were registered as being of mass proportions at the beginning of the above-mentioned period, mainly occurred as a result of a speculative approach to map making. Such errors, however, did not decrease, but constantly multiplied in terms of their scope and type.Parallel with the above-mentioned errors, in many maps one can perceive intentional errors committed with a view to clouding or distorting the real picture of the mapped phenomena, for the purpose of propaganda, manipulation and various misrepresentations in connection with the turbulent geopolitical events in Serbia and its surroundings over the past thirty years. These errors have rarely been discussed and written about within the scientific community, even though there have been frequent reactions in the press and in other media. This paper lays special emphasis on such intentional errors, which cause a lot of damage to the modern cartography of Serbia, in scientific, social, educational and cultural terms, as well as practical and economic terms, and in terms of use.

THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECTION TRANSFORMATIONS ON DEGREE OF GENERALIZATION OF MAP CONTENTS

Author(s): Nataša Urošev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

This is the study about geographic aspect of mathematical projections of the Earth’s sphere surface on a flat surface (plane or map) and it’s influence on degree of generalization. The cartographic generalization is creative process of generating, but it may be said that it is also one of factors that refers to presentation the geographic reality at a map. The geographic maps can get one new meaning, generated but connotative too,by generalization, because main characteristics of spatial occurrences are emphasis by graphical expression - map. Among these influence factors on process of generalization is also the type of transformation in projection that we use for constructing the map. This refers usual to small-scaled maps and to change of scale factor with changing longitude and latitude. In this paper, it will be presented with more details connection between generalization and cartographic projections which are used for presentation sphere ellipsoid to plane (plan or map). Scale factor is very important because with change of longitude and latitude it is also changing, and it is the main indicator of transformations.That is the reason why the scale factor is presented with more details in this paper.

GLOBAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE

Author(s): Aleksandar Ilić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

In this paper, the explanation of the term and concept of spatial data infrastructure is represented. It is emphasized the role of global spatial data infrastructure to support the joint efforts, worldwide, for the sustainable development of environment protection and efficient decision-making. Geo-information technology and spatial data infrastructure have an important role in the modern world by providing the possibility of governments, local communities, organizations, business sector, academic community and ordinary people progress in solving many problems. Most of these problems have regional or global character. International organization and institutions around the globe provide and share global spatial data about the state of globe and its changes, stressing the importance of public access to information and international cooperation. Approach in building the global infrastructure of spatial data requires the culture of joint working and sharing of spatial data as a common good. Significant support to the global spatial data infrastructure provides cartographic initiative Global Map and the development of geo-information products and services prominent the Earth Viewers. The development of global spatial data infrastructure is undoubtedly a step forward civilization but further increase the problems of privacy, public and national security.

Urban Hydrography and Bluespots Map of Craiova (Romania)

Author(s): Claudia Daniela Alba,Andreea Gabriela Zamfir,Sandu Boengiu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The global climate change imposes new strategies of prevention and protection against the effects of urban flooding. The main goal of this paper is the identification of areas exposed to flooding risk in the Craiova city, and the study was structured in two sections. In the first part we aimed to identify the changes of the hydrography in the Craiova city from the beginning of its urban expansion and the hydrotechnical works realized for flooding protection from the 19th century until now. The reconstruction of the hydrography was based on the cartographic documents elaborated since the second half of the nineteenth century and on the previous research concerning the city’s design, water supply and sewage system. In the second part we realized a Bluespots map comprised of the areas and the buildings possibly exposed to the risk of flooding during heavy rainfall periods. The Bluespots map was automatically obtained with the Cloudburst extension of ArcGIS, being based on DEM data and the cadastral map of the city, after a method firstly applied by the Danish government to assess flood risk areas due to Cloudburst phenomena in Copenhagen.

Zabójstwo w Lindendorfie

Author(s): Filip Springer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 790/2021

THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING IN ARABLE LAND IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING

Author(s): Bojan Popović,Dušan Jovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Satellite images have a wide application for detection and identification of objects, phenomena and changes on the surface of the Earth. In this paper are presented methods for arable land identification based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and distribution of the obtained data. The images were atmospherically corrected, resulting in the true reflection values from the ground. The identification procedure is based on known annual crops land cover variation rules during seasons. The vegetation signal in the images was enhanced using the SAVI vegetation index, after which the detection of arable land was carried out by raster subtraction. As a result, data on the spatial distribution of 5 arable land classes were obtained: summer crops, winter crops, pastures, vineyards and orchards and unclassified land. In order to complete the final result, inhabited places and water surfaces were detected and mapped. The resulting data were vectorized and displayed through a three-layer GIS (Geographic information system) service-based architecture in accordance with OGC specification.

UTILIZING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) FOR DETERMINING NEW LOCATIONS OF POST OFFICE IN NOVI SAD, SERBIA

Author(s): Milica Radaković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Total number of post offices mapped in the city of Novi Sad is 36. If we consider that 221.854 people live in this city (Census from 2011.), it is roughly calculated that one post office covers more than 6000 people. The purpose of this study is to determine new possible locations for post offices in Novi Sad, in order to reduce the time needed to get to the post office. The methods used in the study are Location-Allocation, Service area and the Create Thiessen polygons tools from the software Arc Map 10.1. The rule of Public Enterprise of PTT Communications “Srbija” states that a new post office can be opened only if 15.000 inhabitants cannot reach the nearest post by 1 km of walk. This criterion helped in recognizing problematic locations in the city. By opening four new post offices in different parts of the city, such as Adice (two), 7. Juli (one) and Vidovdansko naselje (one), the maximum coverage of users is achieved.

APPLICATION OF LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY IN CREATION OF 3D CITY MODELS

Author(s): Stevan Milovanov,Igor Ruskovski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Laser scanning technology is considered to be a fairly new active remote sensing technology and it finds its application in various fields. The data acquired trough terrestrial or aerial laser scanning is beneficial in representation of three-dimensional space. Huge dataset allows detailed modeling of single objects or even whole cities. The data can be stored in 3D database and displayed trough many applications.

Detekcija dеtаljа u rеljеfu коd gеnеrаlizоvаnih izоhipsi као uslоv оspоsоbljеnоsti pripadnika policije zа prоcеnjivаnjе i коrišćеnjе terena

Author(s): Slobodan Miladinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

The successful use and application of maps precedes cartographic literacy. Cartographic literacy involves knowledge of cartographic method and its application in the process of using geographical maps. If we look at the map as a result of the cartographic survey of the Earth’s surface, as represented by the language of cartography, then cartographic literacy is a way of exploring reality. In this paper we go through the process of generalization of the contour line, which is much more complex than other elements of map generalization, presented with all the character of the terrain geomorphological characteristics. The process is divided into several stages; equidistance changes, connecting the small details into larger forms and extracting characteristic details of the terrain and eventually a reduction of trivial, less important details. Spotting geomorphological forms on the map from the police and the security aspect is the assessment of land, from a map, respectively exploring its properties. The execution of police job and tasks, units of general and special purpose often largely depend on the evaluation of soil characteristics whose properties cannot be changed, and substantially affect the realization of the set goals. Contour line generalization enables a review of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of terrain from tactical aspects of the evaluation and treatment of which mostly depends success in the execution of the task.

An Analysis of the Accuracy of the Transformation of the Coordinators of Mining Maps by Distinct Method

Author(s): Monika Żogała / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

The article presents the results of an analysis of the accuracy of the transformation of the coordinates of the boundary points of neighbouring mining areas in Silesia. The transformations were carried out independently for each mining area caused the equivalent boundary points of neighbouring mining areas in the local coordinate system to have different coordinates in the national PL-2000 system. In addition, analyses were carried out taking into account measurement accuracy confirming the sen- sitivity of the first order conformal transformation to measurement errors. The differences that occur indicate the need to look for a method that will reduce or eliminate them.

Late Glacial and Holocene evolution of the estuarine section of the Nida River

Author(s): Tomasz Kalicki,Piotr Biesaga / Language(s): English Issue: 91/2023

Based on the results of detailed geological-geomorphological studies, old maps from the past 200 years, and historical data, the paper is the first to present the structure of the valley floor in the estuary of the Nida River, an upland tributary of the Vistula, and discuss changes in the development and course of their channels. The aim of the study was to grasp the importance of local factors, both natural (palaeogeographical, lithological and tectonic) and anthropogenic, in the morphogenesis of this section, where a relatively small upland stream crossed in the medieval and modern periods by important overland and water routes of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth flows into the Vistula River, which is ten times larger. The discussed section is not deltaic in character. The branching of the Nida into several simultaneously functioning outlet arms may have been caused by the blocking of outflow from the valley during floods and the drainage of the flood waters at the valley mouth in several directions, via channels both permanent and periodic. Changes in the numbers and locations of the Nida estuaries in recent centuries have both natural and anthropogenic causes. The interaction between the main stream and its many-times smaller tributary in the studied section has resulted in a complex mosaic of forms and cut-and-fills of both streams, but with the Vistula playing the dominant role. The cut-and-fills of the Vistula “enclose” the Nida alluvium inside its valley on the Winiary-Nowy Korczyn line, while the cut-and-fills of the Nida only occur in a very narrow strip under the edge of the terrace. The Nida followed abandoned channels of the Vistula on Holocene cut-and-fill IIA, flowing parallel to the Vistula for 9 km. The floor of the Nida Valley lacks Holocene mineral-organic and mineral sediments, characteristic of other upland tributaries from loess areas. The regulation of the Vistula in the mid-19th century and the Nida in the first half of the 20th century fixed the courses of the rivers, completely changing the sedi­mentation regime in the estuarine section of the Nida, where backflow and associated sedimentation of fine-grained deposits occurred.

PICTORIAL MAPS AND THE RISE OF MODERN RESORT IN ŌISO IN THE MID-MEIJI PERIOD

Author(s): Pan Mengfei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study explores three pictorial maps produced in the mid-Meiji period (1868–1912) featuring Ōiso and the relationship between these maps and the rise of Ōiso as a modern resort. Ōiso was a town located on the highway Tōkaidō connecting Edo (or Tokyo after 1868) and Kyoto. It became a modern seaside resort after the late 1880s. Previous studies on visual and cartographic representations of towns and cities in Japan, for example, Kindai nihon no shikakuteki keiken [Visual experiences of modern Japan] (Nakanishi and Sekido 2008), have already narrowed the analytical focus and shifted away from the metropolises to provincial cities and hot spring towns. However, some questions, such as the social functions of these materials, remain unexplored. This study analyzes three maps and argues that these maps highlight Ōiso as an attractive place, particularly by featuring its villa residents from the high society. Visually, they resemble the conventional meisho zue [pictures of famous places] developed in the Edo period (1603-1867) and share with other city/town maps produced in the Meiji period in showing preferences for bird’s-eye views and emphasizing symbols of modernity such as railroads and electricity. The depiction of villa clusters is a remarkable feature of the three maps. However, rather than encouraging actual visits to the villas, the mapmakers – the local shop owners and administrators – achieved in producing these maps as souvenirs and creating a public desire for the lifestyle of high society.

Udostępnianie danych spisowych w przekroju siatki kilometrowej – wyzwania związane z ochroną tajemnicy statystycznej

Author(s): Tomasz Klimanek,Tomasz Józefowski,Andrzej Młodak,Amelia Wardzińska-Sharif / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 07/2024

Providing basic data from the National Population and Housing Census in a kilometre grid is one of the most important ways of disseminating census results, which at the same time meets the applicable national and international requirements. Due to the fact that the tiles of the kilometre grid are relatively small (squares with one-kilometre-long sides) and thus the risk of identifying a concrete person and disclosing sensitive information about him or her is significant, it is necessary to employ data-protection procedures. The aim of the paper is to discuss the most important directions in the statistical disclosure control on the example of data collected during the National Population and Housing Census 2021, and to propose methods and tools from the aforementioned realm that would be applicable. These will be mainly non-perturbative approaches, i.e. ones that cause suppression of sensitive information. The paper also brings to light the most important issues and challenges dependent on the scope of information disclosed and related to this type of data-protection procedures, as the number and type of variables determine the risk of the identification of individuals and influence the selection of suitable protection tools. The article sets forth proposals for methodological and technical solutions in the field. The analyses demonstrate that data protection poses a significant challenge in the studied case, especially if several mutually-connected databases are to be protected. In such a situation, it is necessary to take into account the logical and mathematical connections between the data sets. An additional risk factor can also be the density or hierarchical character of the grid.