Správa mestských zariadení a mestskí zamestnanci v Bardejove do roku 1526

Author(s): Mária Fedorčáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

Besides its main tasks – judiciary and executive, the town administration fulfilled a variety of functions ranging from economic production through defense and protection of its citizens, to the development of culture and education. This required oversight and stewardship by municipal dignitaries and extensive system of urban employees. The paper deals with the management of urban employees and town dignitaries responsible for major sectors of town economy, security, health care, culture and other areas of urban living. The author analyzes the position of urban employees and contracts made by town. Management of urban facilities belonged to the main duties of the elected members of the municipal court. Economic facilities (mills, granary), supervision of wine trade, linen weaving or patronage of hospitals represented the main areas of their functions. An important place among municipal employees belonged to servants in judiciary, diplomacy and urban defense. Specific field, financed by the town council, represented the area of art and culture, where painters, masons, organists and trumpeters were employed.

Взаимовръзката между спорта и правото

Author(s): Ivaylo Prokopov,Elitsa Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Sport and law have not always been interconnected. In the process of their evolution, they initially intersect, gradually interweave, and the final phase is their merger into Sport Law.

THE NARRATIVE OF POLITICAL ISLAM: CONSTITUTIONALISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Nikola Gjorshoski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

One of the essential postulates of political orientation and determination for the building of stable societies and a functioning political system in its content recognizes and imposes the need to examine the relation of relevant political actors to constitutionalism and human rights as concepts and preoccupations for any modern society. Also, constitutionalism and human rights and freedoms as its inseparable category manifest the political values and the corpus of essential and common political goals and commitments of a particular political community. Political Islam as an ideological political subject has its own sources and a valuable orientation framework through which prisms and perceptions can be interpreted or extracted by individual axiological determinants to certain issues. This paper analyzes exactly the relations of political Islam with constitutionalism and human rights, and similarly to the so-called framework it draws attention to the concepts of power, the mechanisms of control and compliance with the Sharia regulations. At the same time, the importance of human rights and freedoms in the Islamic narrative, their nature and scope, as well as the differences with the western established documents in this area are emphasized and analyzed.

Стандартизиране на обучението по български език, литература и народознание в Унгария – от националните стандарти до учебния час

Author(s): Svetla Kjoseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The training in Bulgarian language in Hungary has its old traditions. If we turn our attention even to the last great migratory wave of Bulgarian gardeners (the second half of the IXX and the beginning of the XX century), we can account for almost 100-year history, which has its historical and content stages. The paper attempts to track the development of curricula at different government levels, taking into account the conflict situations that arise in the course of such an activity, the approaches for overcoming the difficulties, the efforts to reconcile the opportunities provided by the Hungarian education system and its synchronization with the Bulgarian state standards. The text reflects efforts to create such standards and a system of requirements that meet best the local needs without detracting from the level of education.

Характеристики на средновековните ислямски затвори на остров Сицилия (IX – XI век)

Author(s): Desislava Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The medieval prisons are part of the Islamic governing system as in the Near East as in the Magreb. The sources about their organization and working methods are rare and straggling. Whatever, medieval Islamic prisons deserve an attention because they are connected with the general institutional environment in the Islamic lands. This article surveys the Islamic prisons in Sicily in the period 9th-11th century. It begins with a review of the emergence of the first Islamic prisons. This information serves as both forming initial impressions and a basis of the subsequent analysis. An important contribution of the article is the collected information from different by language, type and time historical sources. Their careful readings, coupled with a compare analysis, allow us to draw conclusions about the characteristics and location of the medieval Sicilian prisons. Comparison with the prisons in the other Islamic lands over the same historical period shows us common features. This makes it possible to conclude that the penal institutions on the island follow and work on a well-established model.

Българската обичайна система на наследяване и обичайните системи на наследяване във Франция и на мароканските бербери − опит за сравнение

Author(s): Kamen Dontchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The article is an attempt to compare the customary law system of inheritance in the Bulgarian rural traditional society with that of France. A parallel is made with the customary law system of the Berbers in Morocco as well. The significant difference between the Bulgarian and the French customary law systems of inheritance is that the first one is uniform as a whole, while in the second case is characterized by the existence of different types of customary law systems of inheritance in various regions of the country.Another important benchmark for the comparative analysis is the fact that according to the Bulgarian customary law system of inheritance only the sons have the right to inherit the estate of the deceased. It is pointed out that this peculiarity of the system of inheritance is also characteristic of some areas in France and the reasons for this are discussed. The principle of inheritance in question is also characteristic of the customary law of the Moroccan Berbers – local, pre-Arabic population of Morocco. In support of this, some information is given about their customary law of inheritance.

CLIMATE CHANGE: THE POLITICS AND CHALLENGES IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

Author(s): Abbas Sheer,Li Shouping,Fatima Sidra / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This article consists of five major parts. It includes the analysis of politics and international cooperation on climate change and the legal environmental scenario and implementation, trends and litigation concerns faced by climate change. The Paris Agreement of Climate Change (2015) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation are the two main players at the global level to target greenhouse gas emissions as a voluntary framework. These guiding principles relating to the environment for sustainable development are evolving over time and did not shape as customary law. The ultimate solution lies in understanding the problem intensity through growing scientific facts about the impacts of climate change.

Белгийските провинции в плен на европейската политика (1814 – 1815 г.)

Author(s): Svetla Glushkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The political construct established in 1814 – 1815 by Napoleon’s victors aimed at uniting Belgians and Dutch in one country the Netherlands governed by William of the Orange-Nassau dynasty. The construct was theoretically useful for the European balance but at the same time it turned out to be anachronistic because it took into consideration neither the religious differences nor the continuous formation of two completely different nations.

Обобщение и перспектива на изследванията върху груповия профил на жертвите на Катинското клане

Author(s): Witold Wasilewski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article describes the community of victims of the Katyn massacre, executed pursuant to the decision of the BP KC WKP (b) of 5 March 1940 The camp list was dominated by military and police officers and the prisons list was mostly civilian prisoners. The most important elaborations of the collective lists of victims were presented and also selected parts of the community were described, among others, in terms of profession or origin from a specific area of Poland. The author presented the state of research regarding the national composition of the community, and after having compared the information with Soviet documents, presented his view of the problem. The article emphasized that most of the victims of the 1940 murders were officers of the Polish Army and officers of the State Police and members of smaller uniformed formations. The fact that they belonged to these groups was determined as sufficient criterion qualifying them for extermination. The author provided statistics on the number of victims from individual uniformed formations and put forward the demand for further research regarding the various groups of those killed. Finally, he outlined a group portrait of the victims of the 1940 crimes, in terms of the most important criteria from the point of view of the Soviet authorities and historical sociology. In conclusion, it was found that the collective profile of the victims of the Katyn massacre were strongly defined by two distinctive features:service to the Polish state and attachment to Polish character.

Кавалерите на ордена „За храбростъ“ във флота на Негово Величество

Author(s): Yancho Bakalov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The article presents research on the Military Order of Courage and Soldiers' Cross for bravery of His Majesty's Navy during the Balkan Wars and World War I. The interest is focused on the conditions in which the ship's crews and shore units were assigned in solving combat tasks, the scale of force of the forces in counteraction to a repeatedly superior opponent, the contribution of the most prominent of them to success, and the assessment that was given to them. The award-winning Naval Officers are presented as an association of professionals and like-minded people who have built an organic society of the Knights of Courage. Later periods of activation of the Military Order are shown in fragmentary form.

THE INFLUENCE OF ROMAN TRADITION ON THE HERITAGE IN KOSOVO

Author(s): Berat Aqifi,Ardian Emini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The heritage was born in a certain period of historical development of society, but over time it has evolved like any other legal institution in terms of inheritance law system in part of legislation, in relation to different countries, but also numerous similarities between their systems, but always maintaining the basis in Roman law. Inheritance as one of the institutions of private law in general and civil law in particular is considered one of the oldest institutions that was initially regulated by customary norms, where the inheritance measure presents the basis for inheritance call. Roman inheritance law, which had gone through three stages of its development from the Lex XII Tabullarum until the final regulation of inheritance law within the framework of the Justinian Code, when often with the development of productive forces and the raising of human consciousness in the community primitive, where in contrast to slave owning society there was the right of inheritance based on customs inherited primarily by boys, while unmarried girls were entitled to dowry and only legitimate children. Inheritance is one of the most important institutes of civil law, and constitutes one of the ways of gaining property due to death or mortis causa, compared to all other ways of gaining property, which are between the living or inter vivos. It follows that our law in general Albanian law has been influenced for centuries starting from the customary Kanun law to the modern inheritance law.

БЕЛЕЖКИ ПО ВЪПРОСА ЗА ПРОИЗХОДА НА ЗАКОНА ЗА СЪДЕНЕ НА ЛЮДЕТЕ

Author(s): Boris Velchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The study is dedicated to the question of the origin of the Zakon Soydnii Ludem. It examines the connections of the original provisions of the law, which are not borrowed from the Ekloga, with the Responsa Nikolai Papae I ad consulta Bulgarorum. It is concluded in in the study that such connections cannot be established with certainty, but they also cannot be rejected. Furthermore, the question of the significance that this law had in Russia during the 13th century is discussed, linking it to the possible reception of the law in Russia during its baptism in the 10th century.

Политика на сближаване в Европейския съюз и отражението ѝ върху регулаторната рамка в България

Author(s): Maria Neikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2024

The cohesion policy in the European Union aims to reduce regional disparities and stimulate economic development through the application of various financial instruments. The synchronization of national legal regulations with the European regulatory framework necessitates the amendment and supplementation of applicable and existing legal acts specifically related to the management of funds from European funds under shared management. This article presents the cohesion policy of the European Union and the impact of its implementation on regional policy in Bulgaria. The study pays special attention to the application of the regulatory framework regarding the “cohesion policy” in the context of implementing local self-government and local administration. Following Bulgaria‘s accession to the European Union in 2007, the country has utilized the European Union‘s structural funds to reduce regional disparities, enhance economic growth, and promote sustainable development. This research evaluates the effectiveness of these policies, their role in the regional transformation of Bulgaria, and the latest challenges and future prospects.

За индексирането на научните списания в юридическата наука

Author(s): Slavka Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2024

The purpose of the article is to present the problems faced by the Bulgarian legal science in the context of the global orientation towards publications in journals indexed in the world databases Scopus and Web of Science. A critical analysis of the international character of leading scientific journals in the field of law has been made. In the study, the method of comparative analysis was applied, in which a comparison was made with the level of publication in the field of legal science compared to natural and engineering sciences. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated, which should be taken into account when preparing the policies of the Ministry of Education and Culture.

Ideas for Civil Society and Association through the Prism of Public Law

Author(s): Boyan Todorov Georgiev / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2024

The need for association and cooperation in its primary forms is existentially determined, embedded in the human psyche and morality before it becomes a rationally realized expediency and long before it becomes a right. The right of association is a fundamental right referred to in the group of political rights and freedoms, economic rights, and personal rights. This right combines the liberal idea of individual freedom with the collectivist idea of uniting the efforts of more people to achieve certain goals; exercising the right of association is an expression of free will. The principle of solidarity is exploited by hegemonic state doctrines and governments – communitarian, totalitarian, religious-fundamentalist, nationalist, modernizations, which call for the solidarity of tolerating restrictions, the renunciation of freedom in the name of certain collective goals, as well as in the doctrines and practices of revolutionary violence. The Code of Administrative Procedure provides wide participation of organizations in the various proceedings, both before the administration and in judicial administrative cases.

Iuris ratio et aequitas в Codex Theodosianus и Corpus iuris civilis (Codex Iustinianus и Digesta)

Author(s): Dorothea Valentinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Roman philosophy, literature, and law offer some of the most well-structured and coherent theories of justice as the foundational principle underlying human existence and society, without which their future becomes inconceivable. Two interconnected concepts – aequitas and iustitia – are central to the Roman conception of justice. This article seeks to reconstruct the concept of aequitas and its relationship with iuris ratio (viewed through the lens of universalis iustitia), drawing on selected texts from the Codex Theodosianus (5th century) and the Corpus Iuris Civilis (Codex Iustinianus and Digesta, 6th century).

Формиране, устройство и организация на бежанските поселения в законодателството на България през периода 1913–1925 година

Author(s): Ivanka Deleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The main aim of the present paper is to clarify the nature and specifics of the formation of refugee settlements in Bulgaria in the period 1913-1925, both in the form of independent settlements and as smaller settlement configurations. The study traces the development of state, normatively grounded, theoretical formulations related to the structure and organization of refugee settlements. The analysis of the available source material makes it possible to draw conclusions about the development of the government's ideas on this issue and the increase in detail in the pre-planning, over time, in relation to its resolution.

Политически и правни измерения на Закона за македонската национална чест

Author(s): Stanislav Stanev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The Macedonian National Honor Act is an extraordinary piece of legislation that operated on the territory of today‘s Republic of North Macedonia in the first half of 1945. Its anti-Bulgarian orientation often became the occasion for discussions that were more intense in the Republic of Bulgaria. For an adequate assessment of this law and the consequences of its implementation, it is necessary to make a complex analysis – of the historical context and of its legal structure.

„Най-източната SIHDA някога!“, или за 77-ата сесия на Международното дружество „Фернан де Вишер“ за история на правото през Античността (Société Internationale Fernand de Visscher pour l’Histoire des Droits de l’Antiquité – SIHDA)

Author(s): Boryana Miteva,Ghenka Mozzhuhina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

Perspectives on Teaching International Law and Academic Freedom in the Shadow of Primakov’s Legacy

Author(s): Vesna Poposka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In an era marked by global deceit, the teaching of international law is more crucial than ever to safeguard the world and humanity. Following the escalation of conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, widespread skepticism about the relevance of international law has emerged. The primary research problem addresses how geopolitical disturbances may distort students’ motivation and understanding of international law and its practical application. Geopolitical conflicts and power struggles, influenced by the legacy of Yevgeny Primakov, shape the interpretation and enforcement of international law while also threatening academic freedom. This article aims to propose a solution by advocating for a shift toward the Humboldtian educational model, utilizing a complex methodology and an interplay of variables primarily framed as socio-legal research.