‘Classis Seleucena’ – Późnorzymska flota wojenna?

Author(s): Jacek Wiewiorowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXVIII/2017

The Author discusses in detail the imperial constitution issued by Valentinian I and Valens around 369–370 and preserved by The odosian and Justinian Codes (C. Th. 10.23.1 =C. 11.13.1). According to it, classis Seleucena, the fleet stationed in Seleucia Pieria that was these aport of Antioch ad Orontes, and other east Roman fleets were under the command of the praetorian prefect (of the East – praefectus praetorio per Orientem), who was to take care ofa number of its maritime personnel, while classis Seleucena was under the command of the count of the East (comes Orientis) to help keeping the river Orontes clean and carrying out other indispensable works.

Nationalsozialistischer Völkermord an der polnischen Intelligenz – persönliche Eindrücke und Erfahrungen in zwanzig Forscherjahren

Author(s): Dieter Schenk / Language(s): German Issue: 105/2017

KУПОПРОДАЈА НЕПОКРЕТНОСТИ У ДРЕВНОРУСКОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Aleksandar Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 77/2017

У раду аутор анализира норме древноруског права које прописују закључење уговора о купопродаји непокретности. Уговор се закључивао у писаној форми и био је веома заступљен у правним изворима, што није уобичајено за средњовековне правне системе. Посебна пажња се поклања установи купопродајних исправа које су сачињаване по стандардном обрасцу. Аутор истиче хипотезу да је заступљеност овог правног посла последица развијеног приватног права средњовековне руске државе. Правне норме које одређују предмет, начин и услове закључења уговора о продаји непокретности у древноруском праву упућују на завидан ниво правног резоновања и правне технике.

РЕЦЕПЦИЈА ГРЧКО-РИМСКОГ (ВИЗАНТИЈСКОГ) ПРИВАТНОГ ПРАВА У ДУШАНОВОМ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВУ

Author(s): Aleksandar Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2017

In this paper, the author analyses the development of private law in medieval Serbia during the reign of Tsar Dušan. The author underlines the huge influence of formerly developed Byzantine law on the Serbian medieval legal system, which is embodied in translation of the Byzantine legal sources and compiling subject-specific collections of Serbian law. Tsar Dušan’s legislation includes Dušan’s Code, Matija Vlastar’s Syntagm and the so-called Emperor Justinian’s Act. Dušan’s Code does not contain many private law norms. The Syntagm is the original Byzantine legal collection, which was translated into old Serbian language upon the authority of a decree issued by Tsar Dušan; it contains legal provisions pertaining to all branches of Roman private law. Justinian’s Act is the Serbian compilation of the Byzantine legal texts; it mainly includes private law provisions. The development of the Serbian state during the reign and great conquest campaigns of Tsar Dušan imposed the need for a new codification of law, especially in the area of private law, which was initiated by enacting Saint Sava’s Nomocanon (Zakonopravilo – Book of Legal Rules). Matija Vlastar’s Syntagm contains the entire system of developed RomanByzantine private law. As the most comprehensive of the aforesaid legal document, it is the focal point of the author’s discussion in this paper.

LA TUTELA DEI DIRITTI UMANI E DELLE MINORANZE NELL’ERA DELLA REPUBBLICA ROMANA

Author(s): Marija Ignjatović / Language(s): Italian Issue: 71/2015

La questione della tutela dei diritti umani e delle minoranze è una delle questioni più gravi e più urgenti che si presentano dal diritto romano fino ad oggi. Storicamente, in quasi tutti i paesi d’epoca sociale diversa, esistevano diversi gruppi di persone che venivano separate dai cittadini dominanti, sia per l’aspetto etnico, religioso, culturale che linguistico. Questi gruppi venivano e tuttora vengono chiamati minoranze. La questione della loro tutela all’interno di un particolare sistema giuridico rappresenta una questione molto complessa, poiché deve essere sempre interpretata ampiamente secondo i principi fondamentali della costituzione; inoltre, la loro tutela non rappresenta altro che un compromesso tra il sistema giuridico esistente e le loro caratteristiche culturali, etniche, linguistiche, razziali e nazionali, come elemento di base per definire le minoranze. Questo lavoro elabora la questione della tutela del diritto umano e delle minoranze nel periodo del diritto romano nei seguenti aspetti: ruolo del diritto romano dal periodo della Repubblica nella tutela dei diritti umani e delle minoranze e il contributo del diritto romano di questo periodo nella creazione di principi giuridici fondamentali in materia civile contemporanea e il diritto costituzionale, ilche testimonia l’universalità del diritto romano.

ОСВРТ НА ПРАВНИ ПОЛОЖАЈ ДЕТЕТА У РИМСКОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Marija Ignjatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 70/2015

Циљ овог рада је да се укаже да је правна заштита дете- та одувек будила интересовање шире научне јавности, почев од рим- ског права па до савременог где је ово питање посебно актуелно, јер се ради о посебној категорији лица (деци) и њиховој правној заштити. Ово отуда што је реч о лицима која због своје незрелости (малолет- ства), нису у стању да самостално руководе сопственом личношћу, да доносе важне одлуке у вези са својим положајем у друштву, да управљају и располажу својом имовином, односно, да се самостално брину о заштити и остваривању својих права и интереса. О овим лицима, њиховим правима и интересима у првом реду брину њихови родитељи, а потом и старатељи. Они су дужни да предузму све не- опходне мере зарад заштите личних и имовинских права и интереса своје малолетне деце. Ова потреба да се пружи заштита најмлађој категорији лица била је позната и у старом Риму. Међутим, правни положај детета није увек био исти у свим периодима у развоју римског права. Статус детета разликовао се у предкласичном, класичном и посткласичном праву и у многоме је био узрочно-последично везан са статусом жене (мајке). Као што је жена правно гледано, постојала само преко мушкарца који би је признавао за ћерку, супругу, мајку, тако је и дете фактички и правно постојало тек по признању од стране оца породице (pater familias). То је даље значило да правни положај детета није био нужно одређен рођењем, већ је на њега утицало низ фактора, у првом реду да ли се дете могло прогласити наследником на темељу пола или не.

Начело законитости у праву Московске Русије XVI и XVII века

Author(s): Zoran Čvorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

This research concentrates on emergence and development of the principle of legality in the Russian law of 16th and 17th century. The pa per begins with a review of the thesis that Russian state was an oriental despotism and denies even existence of an idea about supremacy of law in any period of the Russian legal system development. For the purpose of contesting this thesis, deeply ingrained in the Western European so cial science, this article elaborates Russian legal sources of 16th and 17th century. Firstly, Sudebnik from 1550 as the first Russian legal document which contains a regulation that declares statute as the only source of law and which also provides legal procedures in courts and administration. Emergence of the principle of legality in Russian law is usually brought into relation with social, organizational and territory changes that Mos cow Russia was undergoing at the beginning of rule of the Emperor Ivan IV. In addition, this article is analyzing provisions of Ulozenije from 1649 that speak about further development of the principle of legality in Rus sian legal system of 17th century.

ПРАВНА РЕГУЛАТИВА, ИСТОРИЈСКИ И ПОЛИТИЧКИ АСПЕКТИ ЛОБИРАЊА - СРБИЈА И ДРЖАВЕ У ОКРУЖЕЊУ

Author(s): Nebojša Ranđelović,Predrag Jelenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 66/2014

Појам који етимолошки значи „предворје", постао је основа за политички, правни, историјски, социолошки феномен који носи назив лобирање. Циљ рада је да кроз анализу појма и изазова, регулативе и искустава, и стања пo овом питању у окружењу Србије и самој Србији да слику историјске основе, садашњег стања и перспективе лобирања. Као начин спречавања коруптившх процеса кроз законску регулативу коришћења спајања и размене утицаја, овај феномен има дугу традицију у западним земљама, са свим изазовима манипулације законским могућностима. У раду се указује и на лице и на наличја законске регулативе лобирања. На крају даје се слика стања у земљама на простору бивше Југославије, као и на процес и напоре за законско регулисање ове материје у Србији.

ЕВОЛУТИВНИ РАЗВОЈ ГРАЂАНСКОГ СУДСКОГ ПОСТУПКА У РИМСКОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Marija Ignjatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 66/2014

Аутор је, полазећи од анализе легисакционог поступка, који се први развио у оквиру римске цивилне процедуре, пa cвe до последњег екстраординарног поступка, констатовао да је последњи поступак у пружању правне заштите одиграо круцијалну улогу у настанку и дефинисању савременог грађанског судског поступка. Посебна пажња је посвећена појмовном одређивању сва три појавна облика римске цивилне процедуре и њихових основних карактеристика. На основу свеукупне анализе, аутор је дошао до закључка да је од значаја за савремено право последња фаза у развоју римског грађанског судског поступка, па је из тог разлога, овом поступку и посвећена посебна пажња у самом раду. Посебан предмет анализе су и процесуална средства која су коришћена у циљу остваривања правне заштите на суду. На тај начин, аутор је још једном указао на чињешцу да су корени и основна процесуална средстава, којима се остварује судска заштита субјективних права, своје дубоке корене имали још у римском праву.

Ondřej Nymburský (ed.): Spolek českých právníků Všehrd – Památník k výročí 150 let

Author(s): Jiří Rajmund Tretera / Language(s): Czech Issue: 71/2018

O podręczniku The History of Polish Legal System from the 10th to the 20th century z prof. Tadeuszem Maciejewskim rozmawia Dominik Bień

Author(s): Dominik Bień,Tadeuszem Maciejewskim / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Interview with Tadeusz Maciejewski by Dominik Bień

Un secol de stat național, unitar și indivizibil

Author(s): Mircea Dutu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Dezvoltarea științei și culturii juridice românești în ultimul secol - I. Perioada interbelică (1918–1945)

Author(s): Mircea Dutu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The analysis of the past century of Romanian legal science and culture is needed, on the one hand, as a anniversary of the Centenary of completion of the unification of the modern Romanian state (The Great Union, 1918), and, on the other hand, as a continuation of the effort initiated immediately after World War I by Acad. Andrei Rădulescu, of presenting the Romanian cultural and juridical development in the previous 100 years. In this context, the hereby study aims to reveal the evolution of the legal culture post-1918 and under the momentum of the creation of the Great Romania, by marking the three distinct historical periods of this interval: of the great creative and unifying soar (1918-1945), of the communist experiment (1946-1989), and of the re-Europeanization in the context of globalization (1989-present), each bearing particular sub-parts, by their objectives and significance. The key issue raised back then by A. Rădulescu, and that still remains valuable up to this day, with a special significance in the post-modern age, is that of modernization (now, as re-Europeanization in the context of globalization) by reception of Western law, but in respect of the preexisting, mostly Roman, inheritance. The undisputable, “original” allegiance to the European legal culture, mainly by perpetuating the Roman tradition in Romanian law, both old and modern are a constant of the national legal civilization, expressed specifically in the different historical ages, but always keeping an important, unquestionable, place. The first part of the study, published in the hereby issue of the magazine, after a series of theoretical and conceptual considerations (related to the concepts of culture, traditions, juridical science, and the clarification of the meanings of the phrase “Romanian legal culture”) presents, at first, the impact of the completion of the national unity of all Romanians upon the State construction and the State itself, as legal representative of the nation. Therewith, there has been an ample process of legislative unification of the regime of juridical professions and administrative structures. Afterwards, we reveal the progress of doctrine and case law (the first unification and identity reevaluations, developments of distinct branches of law), Romanian juridical thinking as seen from abroad (Del Vecchio, W. Sauer), the contributions to global legal science (by the works of V.V. Pella, P. Negulescu, N. Titulescu), the official consultative legal structures, the professional and scientific associations, legal magazines, the evolution of legal education, the creation of an academic structure of recognition and consecration, etc. The crisis of “legal values” which marked the first part of the fifth decade of the past century, followed by the geo-strategical consequences of World War II, have led to the abrupt end of the great creative soar of the Romanian legal culture in the interwar period, and to the beginning of a transitional period to the “communist experiment”, Soviet-oriented, imposed by the creation of the “Iron Curtain” between East and West.

Iolanda Eminescu, laureat al Premiului „Stelian Bonea” al Academiei Române (1943)

Author(s): Mircea Dutu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Legal doctrine: aspects of understanding

Author(s): Igor Semenihin / Language(s): English,Russian,Ukrainian Issue: 141/2018

The focus of this article is the research of the nature of legal doctrine, its features, content and the role in legal practice. Actuality of the working out of the legal doctrine is closely connected with the problem of determination of its role and significance in the development of Ukrainian law. It is concluded that legal doctrine has not only descriptive, but also prescriptive character (contains elements of the things existent and the proper). Describing law, carrying out its logical or economic analysis, scholars find gaps in legislation, desuetude of the legal norms, their non-compliance with the principles of law, etc., and prove the need to establish / change / abolish legal rules or institutions of law. The legal doctrine exists and develops in the system of coordinates, which are set by traditions, ideological, cultural, religious keynotes of society.

Wprowadzenie: Gajus i jego „Instytucje”: niekończąca się rozmowa

Author(s): Maciej Jońca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Chrześcijaństwo Gaiusa – jeszcze kilka uwag

Author(s): Karol Adamczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

To this day, Gaius, as a person, continues to be shrouded in mystery. Even though he left behind such a rich heritage, he seems to have lived and died in “a social void”. The considerable interest this Roman jurist has attracted among scholars, did not, however, produce a lot of reliable information about him, his background, or career. The question of Gaius’ Christian background constitutes an even more difficult and serious, yet not new, challenge. Issues such as his social isolation, use of first name only, and the title of Gaius noster appearing in some sources, are all well worth considering. Indeed, they can shed new light on the problem of Gaius’ Christianity.

Teodor Dydyński i legenda Gaiusa

Author(s): Bożena Czech-Jezierska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The author analyses the place of Gaius in the research of Teodor Dydyński – a Polish law historian. Gaius, though not well known, became a famous Roman jurist, recognized as a great authority. HisInstitutiones was a complete exposition of the elements of Roman law. Dydyński thought that Gaiusand his works were significant so he devoted much research to him. Dydyński translated Institutionesfrom Latin into Polish and published them with his own notes. He regarded Gaius as a great teacherof Roman law, he had much reverence and admiration for him, which was reflected in Dydyński’swritings. Therefore Dydyński should be seen as a scientist who created a kind of legend – the legendof Gaius.

G. 1, 17 i G. 1, 38. Uwagi na tle społecznych i demograficznych uwarunkowań ustawy „Aelia Sentia”

Author(s): Wojciech Jan Kosior / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

This article presents the results of research on selected age categories in the Roman law. Theresearch concerned social and demographical conditions in Rome in the 1st century CE. The statute LexAelia Sentia adopted in the 4th year CE was one of the three statutes adopted by the Emperor Augustusto limit acts of freeing in ancient Rome. The limitation was the age barrier which had to be met bymasters and slaves to make an act of freeing valid. For the master it was settled that he had to be 20years old to give freedom to his slaves – up to that moment he had been deprived of autonomy to givethem freedom. For the slave the limitation was set at 30 years of age. In other words, it was impossible– with some exemptions – to give freedom to a slave who was younger than 30 years.

Historyczne znaczenie systematyzacji prawa według Gajusa

Author(s): Bronisław Sitek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Systematization of the juridical material done by Gaius has generated the interest of lawyersactually since the fall of the Western Empire. The division of the legal material itself into: personae,res and actiones was probably taken from the writings of Greek and Roman grammarians. Gaius,however, improved it to meet the needs of didactics. There is no doubt about Gaius’ intellectual contribution. The criteria of systematization of legal material have been applied in a number ofcollections or later codes. We should mention here: the Napoleonic Code or the Austrian Code. The last code, in which the systematics of the law done by Gaius has been applied, was the Code of Canon Law of 1917.