SOCIJALNA PRAVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Besima Borić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

„Ideja da država treba provoditi neki oblik socijalne pravde je stara i uvijek podrazumijeva da su ljudi osjetili neki oblik nepravde. U modernom društvu, većina građana može se naći u situaciji kad se treba suočiti sa rizikom, u većini slučajeva ne svojom greškom. U takvim situacijama pojedinac otkriva vrijednost solidarnosti, iako je, možda, bio zaveden da je se odrekne. Jednakost je namijenjena svakome.” Olof Palme Socijalnu politiku možemo definirati kao sistem mjera koje eliminiraju siromaštvo i privilegije, koji zagovara rad za sve sposobne i stvara uvjete za dostojanstven život onih koji ne mogu svojim radom to obezbijediti, uvažavajući načelo solidarnosti i uzajamnosti. Dosadašnja socijalna politika u Bosni i Hercegovini nije vođena na konzistentan način u smislu obuhvatanja svih građana na uživanju univerzalnih rješenja koja donose opću socijalnu sigurnost svim članovima društva, nego su mjere uvijek bile okrenute pojedinim socijalnim i specifičnim grupama, održavajući tako socijalni mir. Osmišljena socijalna politika nije ni vođena, bila je u drugom planu i zapravo se svodila na parcijalna rješenja za odabrane grupe, na humanitarna davanja, odnos pojedinaca i slično.

Vystúpenie Vojtecha Tkáča, poslanca Národnej rady SR za Hnutie za demokratické Slovensko

Author(s): Vojtech Tkáč / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Efektivita procesu aproximácie práva Slovenskej republiky s právom ES/EÚ

Author(s): Vlasta Kunová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The transformation of the Slovak Code of Legislation means a complex of legal reforms, which are more or less successfully or less successfully carried out in all fields of law. In this connection we can talk about: - reform and modernization of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic; - harmonization of the Slovak law with the European Union law; - recodification of civil and criminal law; - reform of jurisdiction.

Vystúpenie podpredsedu vlády Slovenskej republiky pre európsku integráciu Pavla Hamžíka

Author(s): Pavol Hamžík / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Som rád, že uplynulý rok zápasu Slovenska so strateným časom môžeme dnes hodnotiť ako úspešný. Na rozdiel od roku 1998, keď bývalá vláda dostala z Luxemburgu negatívnu odpoveď za nedostatok demokracie, minuloročné snahy o integráciu našej krajiny do euroatlantických štruktúr korunovala pozvánka k rokovaciemu stolu. Helsinský verdikt potvrdil správnosť krokov súčasnej slovenskej vlády na poli vnútornej, ale aj zahraničnej politiky. Zároveň vzkriesil šancu dostihnúť krajiny z prvej skupiny uchádzačov o členstvo v Európskej únii a vstúpiť do Únie s partnermi Visegrádskej štvorky.

USTAVNO-PRAVNI POLOŽAJ GRADA SARAJEVA U POSTDEJTONSKOM PERIODU SA UKLONOM NA MOGUĆNOST REFORME NADLEŽNOSTI I TERITORIJALNE ORGANIZACIJE

Author(s): Mirko Pejanović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

During the five centuries from the 15th to the end of the 20th century, the City of Sarajevo developed into a historical, social and urban entity. In the second half of the 20th century, the City of Sarajevo, as the capital of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, established and developed its self-governing autonomy in the management of urban, economic and cultural development. The city of Sarajevo reached new heights of urban and economic development during the realization of the project of holding the XIV Winter Olympic Games in 1984. After the announcement of the results of the citizens’ referendum on the sovereign and independent status of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, the city of Sarajevo was exposed to a military siege from 1992 to 1995. The Dayton Peace Agreement established peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the City of Sarajevo was constitutionally designated as the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. With the establishment of the Sarajevo Canton in 1996, the property and jurisdiction of the City of Sarajevo was transferred to the Sarajevo Canton. Amendment I to the Constitution of the Canton of Sarajevo established the City of Sarajevo without specific responsibilities and with a reduced territorial organization. Based on the conducted research, published in the study “Sarajevo city and region in time and space-study” (Pejanović et al., 2020), the paper provides a complete elaboration of the constitutional and legal position of the City of Sarajevo, within the basics of the concept of full jurisdiction of the City of Sarajevo and its new territorial organizations.

GLAVNI GRADOVI U NACIONALNIM SISTEMIMA LOKALNE SAMOUPRAVE - KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA SARAJEVA, BEOGRADA, ZAGREBA I LJUBLJANE

Author(s): Elmir Sadiković / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U radu je izvedena komparativna analiza ustavne pozicije i organizacije lokalne samouprave u glavnim gradovima: Ljubljana, Zagreb, Beograd, Podgorica i Sarajevo. U komparativnoj analizi modela lokalne samouprave u glavnim gradovima su posebno uzeti u obzir aspekti ustavnog statusa glavnog grada kao jedinice lokalne samouprave; teritorijalna organizacija; obim samoupravnih nadležnosti u vršenju javnih poslova te institucionalna organizacija gradskih vlasti. Cilj rada je da se komparativnom analizom identificiraju nedostaci u ustavnoj poziciji i organizaciji lokalne samouprave u Gradu Sarajevu. Rezultati komparativne analize mogu biti od koristi u oblikovanju prijedloga institucionalnog modela reforme i organizacije lokalne samouprave u Gradu Sarajevu.

ULOGA ZAVNOBIH-A U STVARANJU NOVOG PRAVNOG PORETKA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI TOKOM NOR-A

Author(s): Dženana Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U svom radu autorica prati zakonodavnu aktivnost ZAVNOBiH-a i vlade koja je nastala u okviru njega i prati proces stvaranja nukleusa kasnijeg bosanskohercegovačkog pravnog sistema, ukazujući na njegova načela, postepeni rast i preciziranje pravnih odnosa, vrsta i sadržaja zakona koji su donošeni, te daje ukupnu sliku koju je takva aktivnost ZAVNOBiH-a proizvela u oblasti o pravnog poretka u zemlji.

HISTORIČKA PODLOGA DRŽAVNIH I VOJNIH OBILJEŽJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE SA ZNAKOM LJILJANA

Author(s): Enver Imamović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U svom prilogu autor obrazlaže historijsku utemeljenost nove bosanske heraldike i upotrebe heraldičkih znakova i simbola koji su se pojavili sa pojavom državne samostalnosti Bosne i Hercegovine kao države, a koji se temelje na ljiljanu kao heraldičkom znaku. On ukazuje na utemeljenost i prirodu te nove heraldičke prakse do koje je došlo nakon osamostaljivanja bosanske države 1992. godine.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL POSITION OF MUNICIPAL AND CITY GOVERNMENTS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING AND PROMOTING LOCAL ECONOMIC AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Veljko Trivun / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, the importance of the local community is growing all over, but the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: BiH) has no state law on local self-government that would clearly define the position and the role of citizens in the system administration, is not officially recognized at the state level. Also, it is important to note that this area is not under the direct jurisdiction of any of the ministries. Given that there are entity laws and cantonal laws, or municipal statutes, there are cases of overlapping responsibilities of higher and lower levels of government, for example between entities and cantons or between cantons and municipalities. Here it is matter of the fulfilment of the obligations of BiH in terms of implementation of the principles contained in the European Charter of Local Self-Government of the Council of Europe. BiH Constitution did not specifically specify constitutional and legal position of municipal and city governments. In terms of the constitutional provisions, in the Federation of BiH cantons have all the responsibilities that are not expressly granted to the Federal Government. The Constitution of the Republic of Srpska also, among other things, determines the constitutional order based on local government. In the Brčko Distrikt situation is somewhat simpler because the District is considered a single unit of local self-government, and in this sense instruments of international law are directly applicable. Local Governance in BiH is devoted adequate attention through special entity laws. Separate entity legislation does not end the process of division of the system of local self-government, because each canton in the Federation of BiH has a law on local self-government, and in addition, municipalities have statutes. As in RS there are no regional or cantonal laws on local self-government, the municipalities are considered the base units of local government. This is an advantage in RS compared to the Federation of BiH in which the system of local government is compounded by the existence of a cantonal law. “The system of local government shall be regulated by law. A law may entrust the performance of local government tasks to the city. The city and the municipality shall be entitled to revenues determined by law and shall be provided with the funding for the performance of their duties.” The Act contains a specific provision on the so-called local governments that have followed different laws.

SPONE I SPOROVI: BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA U JUGOSLAVENSKOJ DRŽAVI (1918-1941)

Author(s): Safet Bandžović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Creation of the Yugoslav state in 1918, which Bosnia and Herzegovina joined as an historical and political subject, meant unification of national, religious, cultural, historical, social, economic, regional differences and perspectives, ties of different national histories, experiences, traditions, customs, mentalities, way of education and living. Being together is not the same as being the same. It was the result of international circumstances, a new toponym, complex state on the map of new Europe, made of different ethnic groups (recognized Serbs, Croats and Slovenes), national and religious minorities who entered the new state with different political, cultural and civilisational ideas. Yugoslavia was standing on unstable political and economical foundations. Having an regime that identifies opinions of the opposition as anti-state action caused resistance against the idea of a new Yugoslav state. Political violence and dictatorship marked the period of existence of Yugoslavia. Conflict between antagonistic supporters of how should the state look like was its biggest inner problem. After 1918, Bosnia and Herzegovina preserved its autonomy with its National government until 1921 and the Provincional government. The Provincional government functioned until 1924 when due to the changes brought by the Vidovdan Constitution (1921) centralization and new inner structure took place. Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into six regions which were seperate and depedent on the government in Belgrade. With the goal of destroying old historical provinces, new administrative units were formed – banovinas. Bosnia and Herzegovina was in 1929 divided by the Drina, Vrbas, Littoral and the Zeta Banovina. Her status was depedent by the projections of the regime, and by the Serbian-Croatian agreements and problems in their relations which were manifested with the formation of the Banovina of Croatia in 1939. and determination of its borders. Same things occured during talks about the future inner structure of Yugoslavia. Serb and Croat politicans were not ready to accept the formation of a “Bosnian banovina” as it was requested by Muslim politicians. The legacy of several attempts to finally define the inner structure of the country had huge influence in conflicts and in partition of occupied Yugoslavia in 1941.

TEMELJNI KONSTITUTIVNI PRINCIPI U STAVOVIMA PREDSJEDNIŠTVA REPUBLIKE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE TOKOM PREGOVORA O MIRU 1992-1995.

Author(s): Mesud Šadinlija / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The fundamental principles of the renewed statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina were defined by the decisions of ZAVNOBIH (The State Antifascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) and improved within the constitutional-legal and political construction of the Republic as an equal member of the Yugoslav Federation from the First Session of ZAVNOBIH in Mrkonjić-Grad on 25 November 1943 to the constitutional amendments adopted in 1990 according to which it is defined as “a democratic sovereign state of equal citizens, the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina – Muslims, Serbs, Croats and other people and nations who live in it”. The author is engaged in how these principles were represented and articulated in the attitudes of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the peace negotiations conducted in various formats of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia in the period from February 1992 to November 1995, by negotiators and international peacekeepers, as well as their compatibility with the constitutional-legal basis of individual peace plans for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

VRIJEDNOSTI ZAVNOBIH-a I DEJTONSKI USTAVNI POREDAK

Author(s): Kasim Trnka / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The establishment of ZAVNOBIH (State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), its decisions and the historical effect created a new paradigm of social, political and state development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is based on key values that can only ensure the long-term, stable and democratic development of the country through their mutual correlation and balance. Those values are, in particular, the following: restoration of statehood; affirmation of traditional ethnic diversity and common life throughout its territory; fostering freedoms and anti-fascist values; ensuring ethnic equality and human rights for all its citizens. An objective, scientifically based, analysis should indicate whether and to what extent these values were realized in further development, starting with the period of federal Yugoslavia, its breakdown and war. The focus of this review is the analyses of normative solutions and, in particular, the implementation of the Dayton constitutional order according to the criteria of values established by ZAVNOBIH. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the disrespect for these values in creating the Dayton constitutional order and in its realization is a key reason for its weaknesses, in particular, non-democracy and ineffectiveness.

Правна сила на решенията на Конституционния съд, постановени по спорове за конституционност на политически партии, образувани на верска основа

Author(s): Radoslava Yankulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Article 11, paragraph 4 of the Bulgarian Constitution forbids the formation of political parties on ethnic, racial or religious basis. The purpose of this norm is not to allow the formation and the functioning of political parties whose members belong to specific ethnic, racial or religious group and therefore are not accessible to people outside this group. The state organ with the task of monitoring the compliance of the existing political parties with art.11, par.4 of the Constitution, is the Constitutional Court that is competent to rule on challenges concerning the constitutionality of political parties and associations. Constitutional court decisions, including those rendered on disputes on the constitutionality of political parties, formed on religious basis, has formal and material res judicata effect. But when the Constitutional court reviews the constitutionality of a political party it acts not only as a “court of norms” but also as a “court of facts”. So the main question is whether and to what extent art. 21, par. 5 of the Constitutional court act, forbidding the filing of further motions when the Constitutional court has already rendered a decision on the same subject, is applicable to disputes concerning the constitutionality of political parties. According to the author in such cases the res judicata effect comprises only those facts that are present and known to the court at the moment of rendering its decision. Consequently, there is no obstacle to file a motion, based on new facts, that were non-existent at the moment of rendering the previous decision. Otherwise, it would mean that once the constitutionality of a certain political party has been reviewed by the Constitutional court this same party is forever immuned from the threat of being proclaimed unconstitutional.

Религиозна толерантност и екология

Author(s): Georgi Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study is dedicated to a current and non-investigated up to nowadays problem in our ecology law literature. It is determined, from one hand, from religious and cultural variety of the society in separate countries, and from the other hand, with reinforcing ecological problems on a global level which give a reflection to the activity of the separate religions. At the same time religious tolerance must be mentioned as one of the indicators for democratization of the society. In view of the fact that Christian religion has caused a big influence to the development of the human civilization in the preface are shown some verses from the Holy Bible, and especially from the New Testament where the idea of religious tolerance is on the ground. In this study the attention is paid to a following major legal problems: a) legal characteristics of a basic right to religion of the Bulgarian citizens; b) international law regulation of the subjective right to religion in the light of the participation of the Republic of Bulgaria in a separate international treaties, related to human rights; c) ecological requirements to some activities which cause influence to the exercising of this right, regulated in the Bulgarian environmental legislation. In the conclusion, some more general deductions from the existing regulation and suggestions for its improvement are made.

The European Dimension of the Czech Foreign Policy

Author(s): Mats Braun,Vít Beneš / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During the years 2007–2009 the European integration process has had a big impact on the political agenda of the Czech Republic. The Czech Presidency of the Council of the EU in 2009 provided the country with an administrative challenge as well as an opportunity to make the country visible within the EU. The presidency had an impact on the way European policy is handled within the Czech administration and was also a topic that attracted public interest to European affairs. The preparations for the presidency led to an upgrading of the work of the Committee for the EU, which is the body under the Czech government that set the long term priorities for the Czech work within the EU even if the Czech Republic has not presented a new strategic document concerning the long term orientation of the Czech Republic within the EU since 2004, when such a document was accepted by the then Social Democrat led coalition government. The governments in office have regularly presented their long-term positions on various fields of the integration process – i.e. the Europe 2020 strategy, EU budget reform, reforms of the common agricultural policy, etc. The increased importance of the European agenda can also be seen on the ever more frequent meetings of the Committee for the EU – a trend that was maintained even after the end of the presidency.

Balkánský rozměr české zahraniční politiky

Author(s): Filip Tesař / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rok 2011 byl rokem, který byl v jednom ohledu klíčovým z hlediska Evropské unie i České republiky. V prosinci byla podepsána přístupová smlouva EU s Chorvatskem, prvním státem západního Balkánu, který by měl vstoupit do EU. Západní Balkán je z hlediska EU výjimečným regionem v tom smyslu, že mu byla přislíbena perspektiva integrace do EU, jež měla být hlavní motivací nejen pro postkomunistickou transformaci, ale i klíčovou pobídkou ke stabilitě regionu. V posledních letech se na západní Balkán stále více zaměřovala i pozornost české zahraniční politiky. Chorvatsko je přitom zemí, která je českou politickou scénou i veřejností vnímána jako jednoznačně nejbližší nejen na západním Balkáně, ale na Balkáně obecně.

Balkánský rozměr české zahraniční politiky

Author(s): Filip Tesař / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V roce 2010 česká zahraničí politika ideově navázala na předsednictví Rady EU v roce 2009, v jehož programu byla věnována konkrétní pozornost zemím západního Balkánu, zejména v souvislosti s pokračováním rozšiřování EU. Tím byly poprvé jasně stanoveny cíle české zahraniční politiky ve vztahu ke konkrétním balkánským zemím, byť v omezeném geografi ckém záběru a zúžené pouze na vztah daných zemí k EU. Nová vláda v čele s P. Nečasem navázala na předchozí vlády premiérů J. Fischera a M. Topolánka podporou euroatlantské integrace západního Balkánu, podobně jako ony se ovšem ve svém programovém prohlášení ze 4. 8. 2010 vláda omezila na obecná vyjádření: v oddíle o zahraniční politice uvádí vedle tří dalších priorit rovněž vztahy se zeměmi západního Balkánu, zejména integraci zemí regionu do EU. Rozšiřování EU za podmínky zachování stávajících kritérií pro vstup – což se v dané době týkalo západního Balkánu – přikládá vláda „velký význam“. V prohlášení vláda zmínila i podporu rozšiřování NATO o země, které budou mít zájem a budou dostatečně připraveny.

Еволюцията на правото в контекста на конституционната промяна

Author(s): Boyka Cherneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the evolution of law as part of institutional change. A legal sociological approach is used, assuming that law is a basic social institution in the structure of the social system. The terms "institutions of law" and "sources of law" define the boundaries of the legal system within which law changes. The distinction between legal change as evolution in law and changes in legislation as a mechanism for effective regulation of public relations is perceived. The publication emphasizes the evolutionary function of the constitution as a source of law. It is argued that the evolution of law takes place at the constitutional level. From a sociological point of view, changes in the constitution are an element of social and institutional change, and from a legal point of view there is evolutionary legal thinking (a balance between legal dogmatics and substantial changes in legal thinking).

Система на държавни органи в конституцията на НРБ от 1947 г. Правноисторически анализ

Author(s): Desislava Stoyankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the history of the law of the Bulgarian state, with the change of the political situation, the basic law also changes. Every newly adopted constitution is an expression of the basic principles, institutes and state bodies. The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bulgaria of 1947 marks the beginning of a new political model of governance.

ПОСТЕПЕНИ РАЗВОЈ ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ КАО БЕЗБЕДНОСНЕ ЗАЈЕДНИЦЕ – НА ПУТУ ОД ВЕНЕРЕ КА МАРСУ

Author(s): Duško Lopandić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The text examines the progress of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) over the last decades in the context of building the EU as a security community. The question is raised whether and to what extent the EU has already become a security community. The elements of building this community are pointed out, including the provision on mutual military support from the Lisbon Treaty, the development of various foreign and security policy instruments, as well as the concrete military action of the EU in international affairs, such as peacekeeping missions and the like. The basic EU institutions in the field of ESDP are presented and the main steps in building the ESDP to date are outlined. The paper points out the limitations in building the ESDP, which relate to NATO's role as the main defence backbone in transatlantic relations and in the military strategies of most EU member states. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the "Permanent Structured Cooperation" (PESCO) as a new form of defence cooperation. It is pointed out that the "Permanent Structured Cooperation" was created after years of anticipation ("sleeping beauty"), immediately after Brexit, as a way to demonstrate the vitality of the EU. Most EU member states participate in this cooperation, not just those that are most militarily prepared. In conclusion, it is emphasized that, regardless of the undoubted development of the ESDP, the establishment of a security community remains a long-term EU goal, not an immediate reality.